ilpi|iljjWj^w>Vii|im),ii»iiw,iiw<i» iimxijiiji 


VMJtnN^^KatnmitNltWnMNIMtMMWMMItlM^^ 


UNIVER^ 


HBFEREJVCE. 


TJie.Ti7rt 
Trinity'  Church, 
OiajJTitch.Chxrcli 
Frendv  Church 
JTor  Thitctv  Charch, 
Presbyterum,  2/ieetaiq 

■  Baptist  I>° 

luOierofV  ChurcK 
Jars  Synagogue 
S?(ra>rge's  Chapel 
MararumlMeetiTig 
JfcwJjuthcrcai  Meeting 
OoremoTS  Souse 
Secretcays  Office- 
Oistmn  Souse 


Id.  MealMafkA- 

11.  Ily         J)f. 

72  BurtinsJtf. 

W.Oswego    D.? 

liJBnglisklhe^  Sdiodl 

IS.  Itut/h'  D?     S?. 

leM'^GmTOanas  SugarSamt 

11.  Joseph,  frisivoldi  Dcs 

J8.  sua  Mouse 

19  H'ilg^Zirin^stBne 

20.  llaffertsIiuamX  S' 

21.  ThotVtaarDisblhouse 
22JloiertCrrigiih  J)". 
'/S.Jn'Burhnq        J)° 
2t.  James  Burli/ig  B" 
Zi.JtuLuiTw  B" 


Ffterlavingatmi&C'SupfKt  ie.Beyr  Blagge     B". 
GtySall  2ZJeHra  Burial  Oroun^ 

Byardi  Su^arSause         28  PoorSeuse 
BfuJiange  23.  Powder  B°. 

JisKJOarTcet  iOBloih    B.". 

Old.  SUpMafket  31.  Gates 


JKLau  of  the  City  of  JVETT-TORKfrom  an  actual  Survey.  Anno  Domini. MDCCLV. 

Copy  of  art  on^in-ciL  ]^a.p  in,  -ffi^-possessian  of  €he  CorporattoTv  cETrinity- CkvLrch-. 

ByF.  Maersclialck, 


ScdU  1330  -to  >^  of  a,  MxU^, 


.  <3^t^ 


ly^^Aei 


^^'m.^^^j*i^€.7i6^j 


MAYOR. 


<yi 


COMMQI 


w\ 


u 


^^'■ 


>„ 


^ 


Slloff^ 


ID      'di  I  io/0\ 


HISTORY 


SCHOOL 


COLLEGIilE  mmu  DUTCH  CIIOECI 


IN   THE   CITY    OF   NEW   YORK, 


■RPP    1633   TD    1883. 


c 


t\lj?A^/   Ycn^,       '^(TiJ^^^L^cuJC  ^d-iri-'^^^ 


V     V        ^ 


i^<JtOv,{ 


SECOND     EDITION,     REVISED     AND     ENLARGED 


BV   AUTHORITY    OF   CONSISTORY. 


NEW    YORK: 

PRtNT   OF    THK    AI.DINK    PKESS,    40   VHSKY    STKKET. 

1S83- 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1883, 

BY   HENRY   W.    DUNSHEE, 

In  the   Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern 
District  of  New  York. 


LC  ISDj 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 

PAGES 

Preface  to  tlie  Second  Edition,  by  Rev.  T.  W.  Chambers,  D.  D v 

Preface  to  First  Edition x 

Notes  Relative  to  the  Second  Edition xiii 

Additions  and  Corrections xv 

Board  of  Trustees  and  Names  of  Teachers,  1883 xx 

Sketch    of    Parochial    School    System    in    Holland,     by     Rev.    Thomas 

De  Witt,  D.D , I 

History,  by  Henry  Webb  Dunshee  : 

Chapter  I.— A  Brief  Outline  of  the  Discovery  and  Settlement  of  New 

Amsterdam,    1609- 1633 7 

Chapter  II.  — From  the  Establishment  of  the  School  (1633)  to  the  Capitu- 
lation (1664) 12 

Chapter  III. — From  the  Capitulation  (1664)  to  the  Revolutionary  War 

(1776) 35 

Chapter  IV. — From  the  Peace  of  1783  to  the  Present  Time 64 

Appendi.x  : 

1.  Attendance  of  the  Children  on  the  Sabbath 83 

2.  Revenue  of  the  School ...    84 

3.  Localities  of  the  School 85 

4.  Present  Condition  of  the  School     Course  of  Study,  etc 9I 

5.  Names  of  School  Officers,  1642  to  1883 94 

6.  Names  of  Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 103 

7.  Ancient  and  Modern  Names  of  Streets 107 

8.  Catalogue  of  Scholars  since   1790 109 

9.  Alphabetical  List  of  Scholars,  page  217  —with  Notes 237 

10.  Names  of  Assistant  Teachers  since  1842 236 

11.  Addresses  delivered  on  the  occasion  of  the  250th  Anniversary  of  the 

School 246 

12.  Addresses  at  the  Re-union  on  the  Unveilins^  of  the  Tablet 264 

13.  Description  of  the  Coat-of-Arms  on  Tablet 278 

Autographs 280 

Inde.k 281 

ILLUSTRATIONS   AND  MAP. 

View  of  New  Amsterdam,  the  Earliest  Locality  of  the  School iv 

"       De  Witt  Chapel,  the  present  School  Building ix 

"       the  City  Tavern,  Branch  School,  1652 xvii 

"       Old  and  New  Dutch  Churches xviii 

*'       the  South  Dutch  Church xix 

Etching  of  Henry  Webb  Dunshee   6 

Photograph  of  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen 43 

"              James  Forrester 80 

The  Stuyvesant  Pear  Tree 249 

Seal  of  the  Collegiate  R.  P.  D.  Church 263 

Coat-of-Arms  of  John  Harpending 276 

Map  of  1753. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 


BV    REV.    T.   W.   CHAMBERS,    D.D. 


n^HE  first  edition  of  this  historical  memoir  was  issued 
in  1853,  and  served  a  very  useful  purpose.  The 
present  year  completing  a  quarter  of  a  millennium  (since 
the  School  was  founded),  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to 
commemorate  the  fact  by  a  new  edition,  with  such  cor- 
rections and  additions  as  further  investigation  has  sug- 
gested, and  a  continuation  of  the  narrative  to  the  close 
of  the  quarter-millennial  period. 

The  School  is  remarkable  for  the  persistency  with 
which  it  has  maintained  its  existence  and  its  character 
for  two  centuries  and  a  half,  amid  the  great  and  manifold 
changes  which  occurred  during  that  lengthened  period. 
The  Dutch  gave  place  to  the  English  ;  the  trading  estab- 
lishment became  a  colony  ;  the  colony  was  transformed 
into  an  independent  State  ;  the  small  settlement  on  the 
bay  grew  into  a  huge  metropolis,  made  cosmopolitan  by 
the  influx  of  strangers  from  every  part  of  the  world  ; 
theories  and  plans  of  education  have  succeeded  each 
other  in  public  favor,  until  now  one  uniform  system  ex- 
tends over  the  whole  State  ;  yet  the  unpretending  School 
first  established  in  Fort  Amsterdam  by  Wouter  Van 
Twillcr,  the  Director-General,  still  continues,  with  the 
same  aims  and  the  same  mode  of  reaching  them  as  at 
the  beginning.  Men  and  times  have  changed  ;  but  the 
need  and  propriety  of  instruction  for  the  young  upon  a 
Christian  basis  have  undergone  no  change. 


Vi  PREFACE. 

And  so  the  institution  continued  faithful  to  its  origi- 
nal purpose,  neither  rising  above  it  nor  falling  below  it, 
neither  seeking  to  become  an  academy  or  a  college,  nor 
degenerating  into  the  empty  shell  of  a  school,  having 
the  name  without  the  reality.  Its  one  aim  was  to  train 
its  pupils,  intellectually  and  religiously,  so  that  they 
would  be  fitted  for  the  duties  of  life,  become  useful  citi- 
zens, and  adorn  by  intelligence  and  morality  whatever 
station  they  might  come  to  hold.  The  sphere  of  instruc- 
tion was  not  large,  but  it  was  sufficient.  It  met  the  needs 
of  the  large  class  who  must  always  be  the  bone  and  sinew 
of  the  commonwealth  —  the  multitude  who  by  manual 
toil  earn  their  daily  bread,  and  who  especially  need  to  be 
guided  and  restrained  by  moral  forces. 

The  origin  of  the  School  is  particularly  interesting, 
as  indicating  the  character  of  the  people  from  whom  it 
came.  When  they  required  those  who  planted  colonies 
to  provide  for  the  education  of  the  young,  it  was  only 
carrying  out  what  had  been  their  own  practice  from  a 
very  early  period.  Mr.  Motley  ("  Dutch  Republic,"  i.  84), 
speaking  of  Antwerp  as  it  was  in  the  middle  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  says  :  "  The  schools  wer^  excellent  and 
cheap.  It  was  difficult  to  find  a  child  of  sufficient  age 
who  could  not  read,  write  and  speak  at  least  two  lan- 
guages." Again  {Ibid,  i.  86)  he  says  of  the  country  at 
large  :  "  Nor  was  intellectual  cultivation  confined  to  the 
higher  orders.  On  the  contrary,  it  was  diffused  to  a 
remarkable  degree  among  the  hard-working  artisans  and 
handicraftsmen  of  the  great  cities."  This  is  shown  by 
the  literary  festivals  which  were  periodically  celebrated 
in  all  the  large  towns.  The  various  guilds  competed 
with  each  other  in  magnificent  processions,  brilliant  cos- 
tumes, living  pictures,  charades  and  other  animated,  glit- 
tering groups,  and  in  trials  of  dramatic  and  poetic  skill. 
The  intellectual  character  of  these  exhibitions  was  not 
of  the  highest  order.    They  were  often  coarse  and  tawdry, 


PREFACE.-  Vll' 

or  for  various  reasons  offensive  to  a  refined  taste.  Yet, 
as  Mr.  Motley  observes  :  "  No  unfavorable  opinion  can 
be  formed  as  to  the  culture  of  a  nation  whose  weavers, 
smiths,  gardeners  and  traders  [and  these  in  so  small  a 
country  constituted  the  staple  of  the  population]  found 
the  favorite  amusement  of  their  holidays  in  composing 
and  enacting  tragedies  or  farces,  in  reciting  their  own 
verses,  or  in  personifying  moral  and  aesthetic  sentiments 
by  ingeniously  arranged  groups  or  gorgeous  habiliments." 
{Ibid,  i.  89.)  Luigi  Guiccardini  (i 523-1 589),  who  was  a 
nephew  of  the  great  Italian  historian,  and  who  lived  in 
the  Low  Countries  for  more  than  forty  years  and  was  an 
author  of  repute,  says  that  "  there  was  scarcely  a  peasant 
who  could  not  read"  —  a  remark  which  could  be  truly 
made  of  no  other  country  in  Europe  and,  perhaps,  least  of 
all  in  the  case  of  England,  where  popular  education  on  a 
large  scale  has  taken  a  start  only  in  the  present  century. 
It  is  not  an  unreasonable  supposition  that  the  school 
system  founded  in  the  New  England  colonies  at  an  early 
period  was  suggested  by  what  the  Puritan  exiles  had  seen 
during  their  twenty  years'  stay  in  Holland.  It  is  very 
certain  that  nothing  of  the  kind  was  known  in  their 
mother  country.  But  the  scholars  and  gentlemen  who 
came  over  in  the  Mayflower  had  had  abundant  opportu- 
nity to  see  in  the  Dutch  Republic  how  closely  knowledge 
and  religion  were  bound  together,  and  how  firm  a  founda- 
tion was  laid  for  the  maintenance  of  liberty  and  religion 
when  the  elements  of  education  were  made  common  to 
all  classes.  The  existing  state  of  things  in  the  Seven 
Provinces,  and  their  marvellous  experience  for  the  pre- 
vious half  century,  were  a  living  testimony  to  the  power 
of  intelligence  and  virtue  to  establish  and  preserve  a  free 
State  even  against  the  most  formidable  opponents.  The 
Hollanders  owed  much  of  their  success  to  their  situation 
and  their  pursuits  ;  but  far  more  to  their  sterling  patriot- 
ism, enlightened  by  culture  and  purified  by  religion. 


PREFACE. 


Mr.  O'Callaghan,  at  the  close  of  the  first  volume  of 
his  "  History  of  New  Netherland,"  speaking  of  the  state 
of  things  in  1646,  just  before  General  Stuyvesant  assumed 
the  government,  remarks,  that  "though  a  college  had 
been  founded  in  Massachusetts  some  nine  years  before,  the 
authorities  of  New  Netherland  made  little  or  no  effort  up  to 
this  time  to  establish  a  common  primary  school  in  any  part 
of  this  country."  But  it  should  be  considered  that  the  set- 
tlers in  Plymouth  and  Boston  came  hither  on  purpose  to 
found  a  commonwealth  which  should  be  a  permanent 
home  for  themselves  and  their  children,  free  from  the 
unpleasant  restraints  which  hampered  them  in  England. 
The  immigrants  on  Manhattan  Island,  on  the  contrary, 
whether  their  occupation  was  mercantile  or  agricultural, 
regarded  Holland  as  their  home  from  which  they  had  no 
divided  interests.  And  they  had  no  special  inducements 
to  seek  for  institutions  to  do  what  was  so  well  done  at 
Utrecht,  Leyden  and  Groningen.  It  took  more  than  a 
century  to  convince  them  that  the  university  system 
should  be  planted  on  their  own  soil.  As  for  popular  edu- 
cation, provision  was  ordered  to  be  made  for  that  in  every 
charter  of  the  West  India  Company.  It  is  true  that  the 
erection  of  a  school-house,  though  attempted  or  prepared 
for  on  several  occasions,  was  intermitted  and  delayed  for 
a  series  of  years.  Yet  there  is  abundant  evidence  that  a 
teacher  was  on  the  ground  from  1633,  and  that  he  pursued 
his  calling,  doubtless  in  temporary  apartments.  Mr. 
O'Callaghan's  reproach,  therefore,  seems  hardly  to  be 
merited.  Instruction  was  given  to  the  young  from  a  very 
early  period,  and  that  after  the  excellent  pattern  which 
had  been  set  in  the  mother  country. 

This  School,  which  has  such  a  long  history  and  for 
so  many  years  has  been  a  fountain  of  living  waters,  seems 
to  many  now  to  be  superseded  by  the  public-school  sys- 
tem which  prevails  throughout  the  city.  It,  however, 
serves  a  very  useful  purpose  as  a  relic  of  bygone  days  ; 


PREFACE. 


IX 


a  memorial  of  the  founders  of  the  colony,  and  an  abiding 
testimony  to  the  great  truth  that  religion  and  education 
should  not  be  severed  ;  that  the  young  should  be  taught 
and  trained  in  a  Christian  atmosphere,  and  that  sound 
morals  cannot  successfully  be  inculcated  unless  they  are 
based  upon  Biblical  truth  and  enforced  by  spiritual  sanc- 
tion. 


DE  wrrr  chaI'El,   IC.O  wi-sr  •.'firii  sti,-i:i;t. 

rRj:sENT  School  Building.     Vide  p.  SS. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


1853. 


)tvHE  preparation  of  an  inscription  for  the  tablet  in- 
tended  to  be  placed  in  the  front  of  the  new  edifice 
erected  in  Fourth  Street,  in  1847,  for  the  school  of  the 
Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  led  to  the  inquiry:  "In  what  year  was  the  School 
established  ?" 

To  this  question  no  satisfactory  answer  could  be  ob- 
tained. History,  indeed,  informed  us  that  the  establish- 
ment of  a  school  by  the  Dutch  in  New  Netherland  was 
synchronous  with  the  founding  of  a  colony  ;  and  from 
this  circumstance  the  opinion  was  entertained  by  some 
that  the  germ  of  this  institution  was  planted  in  New 
Amsterdam  at  an  early  period  in  its  history.  But  the 
generality  of  those  who  were  acquainted  with  the  school 
supposed  that  the  date  of  its  origin  could  be  traced  to  a 
period  subsequent  to  the  Revolutionary  War. 

The  traditionary  knowledge  of  the  School  leading  its 
Trustees  to  the  belief  that  it  was  one  of  antiquity,  that 
body,  on  the  motion  of  Mortimer  De  Motte,  Esq.,  one  of 
its  members,  requested  the  Principal  to  compile  such  in- 
formation with  regard  to  it  as  authentic  sources  might 
furnish.      The  present  work  is  the  result. 

Identified  with  the  history  of  the  city  from  its  set- 
tlement, and  with  the  most  ancient  church  established 
therein  ;  perpetuated  by  our  M^orthy  ancestors,  to  whose 
children  and  children's  children,  even  to  the  present  day, 


PREFACE    TO    THE    FIRST    EDITION.  XI 

it  has  afforded  a  religious  and  intellectual  training  ;  en- 
deared by  associations  of  a  most  interesting  character  to 
numerous  members  of  the  Dutch  Church  now  living,  de- 
scendants of  the  original  stock  and  partakers  in  youth  of 
its  benefits  ;  an  interest  attaches  to  it,  at  once  peculiar 
and  delightful. 

Induced  by  these  considerations,  and  with  the  view 
of  preserving  in  substantial  form  the  history  of  this,  the 
oldest  educational  institution  existing  at  present  in  the 
Western  World,  the  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Church, 
with  its  accustomed  liberality,  made  provision  for  its 
publication. 

The  materials  for  this  work  were  principally  derived 
from  the  Colonial  Records  of  New  Amsterdam,  preserved 
in  the  archives  of  the  city  and  State  governments  ;  the 
Correspondence  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  ;  the  Con- 
sistorial  Minutes  of  the  Collegiate  Church  (the  Rev.  Dr. 
De  Witt  rendering  the  translation  from  the  Dutch  lan- 
guage in  the  two  latter)  ;  Brodhead's  New  York,  the 
Documentary  History  of  the  State  and  the  Minutes  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  Author  acknowledges  with  kindness  his  lasting 
obligations  to  Hon.  James  W.  Beekman,  E.  B.  O'Cal- 
laghan,  M.D.;  James  B.  Brinsmade,  Esq.,  of  Albany  ;  A. 
D.  F.  Randolph,  Esq.;  David  T.  Valentine,  Clerk  of  the 
Common  Council  ;  Theodore  Nims,  Jr.,  Esq.;  Samuel 
W.  Seton,  Esq.;  and  to  the  librarians  of  the  Historical 
Society,  Mercantile  and  Society  Libraries  of  this  city, 
for  the  facilities  they  so  cordially  afforded  him  in  the 
prosecution  of  his  researches. 


EXTRACTS   FROM    THE    MINUTES    OF   THE    HOARD   OF 
TRUSTEES   AND   OF   CONSISTORY. 

New  York,  May  29,  1848, 
On  the  motion  of  Mortimer  De  Motte,  it  was  unanimously 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Henry  W.  Dunshee  be  requested  to  investigate  tlie 
records  of  our  Church,  and  jjather  together  from  them  and  from  such  other 


XII  PREFACE    TO    THE    FIRST    EDITION. 

sources  as  may  be  presented  to  him,  all  the  facts  attainable  in  connection  with 
and  relative  to  tlie  School  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  its  history. 

Thomas  Jeremiah,  Sec.  Board  of  Trustees. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  work,  it  was  approved  by  the 
pastors  of  the  Collegiate  Church  and  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
before  whom  it  was  read,  May  24,   1852. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  Board,  June  28,  Messrs, 
Van  Nest,  Oothout  and  Dunshee  were  appointed  a  committee 
with  reference  to  the  publication  of  the  work. 

Oct.    25th.  —  The   draft  of  a    memorial   was   presented   at  a 

meeting  of  the  Trustees,  by  Mr.  Van  Nest,  in  behalf  of  the  above 

committee,  and  it  was  on  motion 

Resolved,  That  the  said  memorial,  signed  by  the  officers  of  this  lioard,  be 
presented  to  Consistory. 

Geo.   S.   Stitt,   Sec. 

In  Consistory,  February  3,  1853. 
On  the  request  of  the  Trustees  of  the  School  of  the  Church, 
to  publish  its  history  for  gratuitous  distribution. 

Resolved,  That  the  sum  of  six  hundred  dollars  be  appropriated  for  that 
purpose. 

Resolved,  That  the  Rev.  Dr.  De  Witt  be  requested  to  aid  the  Trustees  in 
the  said  publication. 

Extract  from  minutes.  Cornelius  Bogert,   Clerk. 

June  29,  1853. 

Resolved,  That  Messrs.  Warner  and  Beadle  be  a  special  committee  to 
superintend  the  publication  of  the  History  of  the  School. 

Gamaliel  G.  Smith,   Sec. 


RELATIVE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 


d883. 


)T\W0  hundred  and  fifty  years  having  elapsed  since  the  School 
-*-      was    established,    the  Trustees    resolved    to    republish    its 
History,  incorporating  such  new  material  as  has  been  brought 
to  light  since  the  original  publication  in  1853. 

At  a  stated  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  held  Jan.  28, 
1 88 1 — present,  Messrs.  Bookstaver,  Chn.  Anderson,  Schell, 
Whiton,  Perlee,  Van  Vechten  and  Secretary  Julien  —  on  motion, 
it  was 

Resolved,  that  the  Board  request.s  the  Principal,  Mr.  Dunshee,  to  gather 
together  all  the  facts  connected  with  the  History  of  the  School  of  the  Collegiate 
Dutch  Church,  and  the  names  of  its  trustees,  teachers  and  scholars,  so  far  as 
possible,  from  its  foundation,  with  a  view  to  their  ultimate  publication  at  the 
coming  quarter-millennial  celebration  in  1883. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  March  24,  1882,  a 
communication  was  received  from  the  Principal,  relating  to  the 
preparation  of  statistics  for  the  Record  of  the  Schools,  shortly  to 
be  published. 

The  matter  was  referred  to  the  Committee  of  the  Month  — 
Mr.  R.  N.  Perlee  —  for  conference  with  the  Principal  and  to  ob- 
tain estimate  of  the  probable  cost,  and  report. 

1882,  Sept  29.  —  A  report  was  received  from  Mr.  Perlee, 
Committee  in  charge  of  the  estimates  for  publishing  the  Quarter- 
millennial  Record,  announcing  progress,  and  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  suggestions  of  the  Principal  be  adopted  in  reference 
to  the  headings  of  the  columns  of  the  Record,  and  that  they  be,  respectively  : 

No.      Na'mb^    ^^^'  I  Admitted.  I  Withduawn.  I  ^^^^  ^  I  Residence  I  Graduated 
as  per  sample  page. 

Messrs.  Perlee  and  Van  Vechten  were  appointed  a  commit- 
tee to  confer  with  Dr.  Chambers  in  regard  to  preparing  a  suitable 
prefatory  history  for  the  Record,  either  upon  the  basis  of  the  for- 
mer one  or  upon  such  new  basis  as  he  might  prefer. 


XIV  RELATIVE    TO    THE    SECOND    EDITION. 

A  communication  from  the  Principal  in  reference  to  Gen. 
Henry  T.  Kiersted  was  read,  and  ordered  to  be  incorporated  in 
the  minutes  of  the  meeting  and  to  form  a  part  of  the  material  to 
be  published  in  the  Quarter-millennial  Record  shortly  to  be  issued. 

It  was  also  ordered  that  similar  effort  be  made  in  the  case  of 
Daniel  Ayers  and  others  (  Vide  Notes,  pages  237-238). 

1882,  Oct.  27.  —  The  Committee  reported  that  Dr.  Cham- 
bers had  consented  to  undertake  the  labor  of  preparing  a  suitable 
prefatory  history. 

1882,  Nov.  24. — 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  School  Trustees  request  from  Consistory  an 
extra  appropriation  of  $1,000  to  cover  the  expenses  connected  with  the  cele- 
bration of  the  quarter-millennial  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  School 
and  for  the  publication  of  the  History  of  the  School. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  R.  N.  Perlee,  it  was 

Ordered,  That  the  matter  of  appendices  in  reference  to  graduates  of  the 
School  be  referred  to  a  Special  Committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Bookstaver, 
Hutton  and  Perlee  ; 

That  obtaining  of  information  from  classical  records  in  Amsterdam,  about 
the  School,  be  referred  to  Mr.  Bookstaver,  with  power  ; 

That  Dr.  Chambers  be  requested  to  deliver  an  Historical  Address  at  the 
250th  anniversary  of  the  School,  and  that  the  same  committee  be  appointed  to 
digest  the  matter  of  speakers,  etc.,  for  that  occasion. 

1883,  March  31.— 

Resolved,  That  the  quarter-millennial  anniversary  be  arranged  for  the  lat- 
ter part  of  October,  upon  an  evening  to  be  hereafter  designated. 

When  first  published,  copies  of  the  work  were  presented  to 
many  persons  eminent  in  science  or  literature,  from  whom  con- 
gratulatory responses  were  received.  One  of  these  is  so  charac- 
teristic of  the  writer  that  it  is  given  entire  : 

SUNNYSIDE,  Jan.  16,  1854. 
Dear  Sir  :    Accept  my  sincere  thanks  for  the  copy  of  your  History  of  the 
School  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  which  you  had  the  kindness 
to  send  me. 

I  have  read  it  with  great  interest  from  the  many  facts  it  contains  concern- 
ing the  olden  time  of  our  city,  and  the  recollections  it  awakens  of  the  olden  time 
of  my  youth. 

There  is  one  historical  fact  of  which  you  make  no  mention,  and  possibly 
know  nothing.  A  war  once  raged  between  the  Dutch  school  and  the  school 
to  which  I  belonged  (kept  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Romaine,  on  Partition,  now 
Fulton  Street,  below  St.  Paul's  Church),  and  more  than  one  doughty  battle 
was  fought,  in  which,  on  the  whole,  I  rather  think  we  of  Partition  Street  came 
off  the  worse.  However,  these  were  feuds  of  the  last  century,  and  have  long 
since  passed  away.  I  have  no  longer  any  pugnacious  feelings  towards  your 
school,  and  am.  Dear  Sir, 

Your  obliged  friend  and  servant, 

WASHINGTON    IRVING. 
Henry  W.  Dunshee,  Esq. 


RELATIVE    TO    THE    SECOND    EDITION.  XV 

Since  the  publication  of  the  first  edition  the  Records  of  the 
Collegiate  Dutch  Church  have  been  translated  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Chambers,  which  has  proved  of  invaluable  assistance  in  the  pre- 
paration of  the  present  volume  ;  and  the  author  would  also 
acknowledge  his  indebtedness  to  Rev.  Abraham  Thompson  and 
Rev.  A.  H.  Bechthold,  for  the  translation  of  documents  recently 
brought  to  light,  in  Albany  and  New  York,  which  contained 
important  information  concerning  the  School. 

The  photograph  of  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen  (schoolmaster  1733- 
1743),  dressed  in  his  official  robes  as  Voorsanger,  was  obtained 
through  the  kindness  of  one  of  his  descendants,  Mr.  William  F. 
Van  Wagenen,  who  possesses  the  original  portrait. 

The  photograph  of  James  Forrester  is  a  tribute  of  respect  from 
some  of  those  who  were  under  his  instruction. 

The  etching  (page  <5y  of  the  present  Schoolmaster  is  a  con- 
tribution to  this  work  from  his  friend,  Mr.  Louis  Delnoce. 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 

On  page  6g  it  is  recorded  that  the  Deacons  had  organized 
another  ^okxQoX  in  Cortlandt  Street,  and  had  placed  it  under  the 
supervision  of  Abraham  De  La  Noy  ;  and  on  page  §g  it  is  stated 
that  this  school  "  probably  continued  until  1776  ;"  but,  a  journal 
of  the  Board  of  Deacons,  recently  discovered  among  the  archives 
of  the  Church,  throws  new  light  upon  this  subject,  and  reveals 
the  information  that  Mr.  De  La  Noy,  upon  his  decease  in  1747, 
was  succeeded  by  William  Van  Dalsem  (a  name  hitherto  un- 
known in  connection  with  the  School),  who  continued  to  teach 
until  1757,  when,  upon  his  decease,  his  scholars  were  trans- 
ferred to  Mr.  Welp,  in  the  new  school-building  in  Garden  Street. 

The  journal  referred  to,  covering  the  period  from  1731  to 
1784,  on  pages  jg,  yi  and  go,  records  the  payments  to  the 
different  Schoolmasters — Van  Wagenen,  Bratt,  De  La  Noy  and 
Van  Dalsem — from  which  it  appears  that  the  last  payment  made 
If)  De  La  Noy,  was  June  25,  1747,  and  the  first  made  to  Van 
Dalsem,  was  September  17,  1747- 

The  payments  made  to  De  La  Noy  and  Van  Dalsem  were 
as  follows  : 

£  ^.  d. 

Nov.  7,  1743,  Wood  for  Abraham  De  La  Noy's  School o  '5     6 

Jan.  12,  1744,  "  •'  "  "  120 

May   3,    1744,    Paid    Al>raham    De    La    Xoy,   for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen I    15     4 

Nov.   8,    1744,   Paid   Abraham  De  La  Noy,  for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen i    17     6 

Nov.  15,  1744,  Wood  for  the  Schools  of  H.  Van  Wagenen  and 

De  La  Noy 4     6     2 


XVI  ADDITIONS    AND    CORRECTIONS. 

Jan.   lo,   1745,  Paid  Abraham  De  La  Noy,  for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen i    17     6 

May  30,    1745,   Paid  Abraham  De  La  Noy,  for    Teaching  ihe 

School  Kinderen I    17     6 

July  25,    1745,   Paid   Abraham   De   La  Noy,  for  Teacliing  ihe 

School  Kinderen i    19     4 

Oct.  17,    1745,   Paid  Abraham  De  La  Noy,  for  Teaching  and 

Firewood 3     6     8 

Jan.  8,    1746,  Paid    Abraham    De   La   Noy,   for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen i    17     6 

.\pril  6,   1746,  Paid  Abraham  De  La  Noy,  for  Teacliing  the 

School  Kinderen 3     5     o 

July  24,   1746,  Paid  Abraham  De  La  Noy,  lor  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen I    10     O 

Nov.  6,    1746,   Paid  Abraham    De   La    Noy,  for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen i    10     o 

Jan.  8,    1747,    Paid  Abraham   De   La  Noy,    for   Teaching    the 

School  Kinderen 2     i     3 

April  2,   1747,   Paid   Abraham   De   La  Noy,  for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen 2     i     3 

June  25,    1747,  Paid   Abraham    De  La  Noy,  for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen 4     2     9 

Sept.    17,    1747,   Paid  William  Van  Dalsem,  for  Teaching  the 

School  Kinderen 216     3 

Jan.    7,    1748,    Paid    William    Van    Dalsem,   for   Teaclnng    15 

Kinderen 219     6 

March  30,  1748,  Paid   William  Van   Dalsem,  for   Teaching   15 

Kinderen 3     6     6 

June  23,    1748,   Paid  William   Van    Dalsem,    for  Teacliing    15 

Kinderen 315     o 

Sept.    15,    1748,   Paid  William  Van   Dalsem,    for   Teaching    15 

Kinderen 4     2     o 

Oct.   6,    1748,   Paid    William    Van    Dalsem,    for    Teaching    15 

Kinderen 4     I     6 

These  payments  continued  to  be  made,  as  above,  to  Bratt  and 
Van  Dalsem  during  subsequent  years,  the  last  payment  being 
made  to  the  former  November  6,  1755,  when  he  received 
/'5  y.  6d.  for  instructing  twenty  children,  and  was  superseded 
by  Mr.  Welp  (vide  pages  50-51). 

During  the  year  1756  Mr.  Van  Dalsem  received  for  teaching, 
in  six  payments,  /"ig   12s. 

April  28,  1757,  Van  Dalsem  was  paid  for  instructing  12  children.  ;^2  18     o 
July  21,        "              "                  "                        "            '5          "  386 

Sept.  15,      "       For  six  weeks  instruction  of  15  children I     6     o 

This  last  payment  was  paid  to  his  widow. 

As  ten  of  the  scholars  were  transferred  provisionally, 
August  22,  to  Mr.  Welp,  it  is  probable  that  this  branch  school 
was  discontinued  (vide  page  51). 

Page  44.  Van  Wagenenen  should  be  Van  Wagenen. 

Page  g8.   Maerschalk  should  be  Andrew  Maerschalk. 

Page  gg.   Hoffman  should  be  Nicholas  Hoffman. 


THE    CITY    TAVERN. 


The  Citv  Tavern, 

subsequently  used  as  the  Stadt  lluys  or  City  Hall,  was  at  the  corner  of  Pearl 
Street  and  Coenties  Alley.  Here  was  held  a  branch  school,  under  De  La 
Montague,  in  1652  and  subsequent  years.      Vide,  page  24. 

-^3 


XVlll 


OLD   AND    NEW    DUTCH    CHURCHES. 


Old  Dutch  Church. 

The  Oude  Kerke,  in  Garden  Street,  built  in  1693.  The  School-house  was 
opposite  this  Church  from  1748  to  1824— seventy-six  years.— FzVd-  p.  47,  and 
Greenleafs  Hist,  of  the  Churches  in  New  York,  p.  11. 


JVew;  Dutch  Church. 

The  New  Kerke,  in  Nassau  Street,  between  Liberty  and  Cedar,  built  in 
1729 — icx)  feet  by  70.  It  had  no  gallery  and  the  ceiling  was  one  entire 
arch  without  pillars.  The  pulpit  was  on  the  eastern  side  between  the  two 
doors.  In  1764  the  pulpit  was  removed  to  the  north  end  of  the  church,  a 
gallery  was  erected  on  the  three  other  sides  and  large  pillars  put  up  to 
support  the  roof.  During  the  Revolutionary  War  it  was  used  by  the  British 
as  a  riding  school  for  the  cavalry. —  Vide  Greenieaf,  Hist,  as  above,  p.  12. 


South  Dutch  Church,  Garden  Street, 

as  rebuilt  in  1807.     Separated  from  the  Collegiate  Church,  1813.     Destroyed  in  the 
great  fire  of  December  i6,  1835. 


BOARD    OF    TRUSTEES. 


BOARD   OF  TRUSTEES 

OF  THE 

SCHOOL  OF  THE  REFORMED  PROTESTANT  DUTCH  CHURCH 

IN    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    YORK. 


18  8  3 


Henry  W.  Bookstaver,   Chainnatt. 

Frederic  R.  Hutton,  Secretary. 

James  Anderson,  M.D. 

Ralph  N.  Perlee. 

Robert  Schell. 

Abraham  V.  W.  Van  Vechten. 

Augustus  S.  Whiton. 


TEACHERS. 

Henry  W.  Dunshee. 
Miss  Mary  P.  Dunshee. 
Miss  Jessie  Bloomfield. 
Miss  Sarah  C.  Mott. 


A   SKETCH 

OF  THE 

PAROCHIAL  SCHOOL  SYSTEM  IN  HOLLAND 

SUBSEQUENT  TO   THE    REFORMATION. 


BY   REV.    THOMAS   DE  WITT,    I).  D. 


n^HIS  volume  gives  the  History  of  the  School  of  the  Reformed 
-^  Dutch  Church  in  this  city,  as  far  as  it  can  be  ascertained 
from  surviving  documents  in  various  sources.  This  school  was 
coeval  with  the  first  settlement  by  Hollanders  here,  and  has  con- 
tinued, to  the  present  time,  an  instrument  of  much  good  in 
training  the  children,  especially  of  the  poorer  class,  under  a 
direct  religious  influence.  It  has  proved,  under  the  Divine 
blessing,  a  nursery  to  the  Church,  gathering  many  into  her  com- 
munion ;  and  it  has  introduced  a  very  large  proportion  as  useful 
members  of  society.  It  was  the  custom,  after  the  Reformation 
in  Holland,  to  send  out  with  emigrants  going  to  any  of  its  colo- 
nies, however  few  in  number,  a  well-qualified  schoolmaster,  who 
was  a  member  of  the  Church,  and  accredited  by  his  competence 
and  piety  to  take  charge  of  the  instruction  of  children  and  youth. 
During  the  absence  or  want  of  a  minister,  he  was  bound  to  con- 
duct public  worship,  by  reading  a  sermon,  offering  prayers,  etc., 
on  the  Sabbath  and  on  other  occasions.  With  the  earliest  agri- 
cultural settlement  of  Manhattan  Island  and  its  vicinity,  such  a 
schoolmaster  and  voorleeser  was  sent  out,  and  from  the  earliest 
period  the  School  has  continued  to  this  day. 

The  importance  of  the  religious  element  in  early  education 
cannot  be  too  highly  estimated  in  reference  to  the  formation  of 
character,  and  the  direction  of  the  future  course  of  life.  Under 
the  Old  Testament  economy,  the  Divine  direction  was  :  "  These 
words  shall  he  in  thine  heart ;  and  thou  shall  teach  them  diligently 
unto  thy  children,  and  shall  talk  of  thejfi  when  thou  sittest  in  thy 
house,  and  when  thou  walkest  by  the  way,  and  when  thou  liest  down. 


2  A    SKETCH    OF    THE    PAROCHIAL 

and  when  thou  rises/  up."  In  the  early  Christian  Church  particu- 
lar attention  was  paid  to  the  scriptural  and  religious  instruction 
of  youth,  and  constant  reference  is  made  to  the  office  and  exer- 
cises of  catechists  and  catechumens.  The  witnesses  for  the 
truth  in  the  dark  middle  ages  of  the  reign  of  Papal  usurpation 
were  remarkable  for  their  faithfulness  in  the  religious  instruction 
and  discipline  of  their  children.  The  excellent  and  devoted 
Waldenses  were  probably  indebted,  under  God,  to  their  peculiar 
diligence  in  the  discharge  of  this  duty  for  their  remarkable  suc- 
cess in  keeping  their  body  together,  under  the  influences  and 
persecutions  that  pressed  upon  them  ;  in  transmitting  their  testi- 
mony from  generation  to  generation,  and  in  remaining  continually 
a  beacon-light  amid  the  prevailing  darkness,  for  the  admiration 
and  guidance  of  the  Church  in  future  time.  History  informs  us 
that  they  bestowed  constant  and  careful  attention  on  the  religious 
instruction  of  their  children  and  youth,  that  they  were  in  the  habit 
of  preparing  excellent  and  appropriate  catechisms  and  formularies, 
and  that  the  pastors  made  the  religious  training  of  their  youth  a 
leading  and  unceasing  object  of  their  labors. 

At  the  period  of  the  Reformation  the  different  parts  of  the 
Protestant  Church  made  this  a  prominent  object  of  their  care  and 
efforts.  Formularies  of  divine  truth,  and  catechisms  adapted  to 
different  ages,  were  early  introduced.  Many  of  them  obtained 
ecclesiastical  sanction  and  authority,  and  were  directed  to  be 
explained  in  the  pulpit  and  the  schools.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  trace  the  history  of  the  introduction  and  use  of  catechetical 
instruction  in  the  churches  and  schools,  from  the  earliest  time  of 
the  Reformation,  by  the  Church  of  England,  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land, the  Reformed  Churches  of  France,  Switzerland,  Germany 
and  Holland,  etc.  Measures  were  taken  in  Scotland  at  an  early 
period  of  the  Reformation,  leading  to  the  institution  of  parochial 
schools,  widely  diffused,  under  the  supervision  of  the  churches, 
and  making  religious  instruction  a  pervading  and  distinguishing 
element. 

We  can  here  only  make  a  brief  reference  to  the  Church  of 
Holland.  Nowhere  was  the  struggle  for  the  principles  of  the 
Reformation  so  severe  and  (we  may  say)  so  crushing.  Charles  V., 
who  held  the  crown  of  Spain,  and  the  patrimonial  inheritance  of 
the  Netherlands,  was  elected  Emperor  of  Germany.  He  found  it 
his  policy  to  treat  the  Protestant  princes,  and  the  professors  of 
the  Protestant  faith  there,  with  comparative  indulgence  ;  while  in 
the  Netherlands,  hereditarily  devolving  upon  him,  he  introduced 
his  Spanish  armies  and  the  Inquisition.  The  page  of  history  is 
replete  with  the  account  of  the  severity  and  extent  of  the  religious 
persecutions  by  Spanish  and  Papal  power.  Thousands  upon 
thousands  lost  their  lives,  while  many  more  fled  for  refuge  to  other 


SCHOOL    SYSTEM    IN    HOLLAND.  3 

parts.  But  then  the  Word  of  the  Lord  took  deep  root.  The  first 
religious  societies  of  the  Reformed  faith  called  themselves  '' De 
Kerken  van  Chrislus  ondei-  het  Kruys  :"  "  The  Churches  of  Christ 
under  the  Cross."  In  1566  the  first  Synod  met  at  Antwerp,  min- 
utes of  which  have  not  been  handed  down.  The  noted  and  cruel 
Duke  of  Alva  succeeded  to  the  Viceroyalty  of  the  Netherlands  in 
1567.  He  boasted  that  during  his  seven  years'  regency  eighteen 
Ihousand  had  been  put  to  death  by  him  for  heresy.  The  Re- 
formed held  their  Synod  at  Wesel,  now  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
the  Rhine,  in  1568  ;  and  at  Embden,  in  East  Friesland,  in  1571  ; 
not  being  able  to  find  a  place  of  safety  in  the  Netherlands.  They 
called  themselves  "Believers  tinder  the  Cross  scattered  throughout 
the  Netherlands. "  At  these  Synods  particular  reference  was  made, 
and  provision  secured,  for  the  Christian  education  of  the  young. 
At  subsequent  Synods,  held  in  Holland,  before  and  after  the  Union 
of  Utrecht,  in  1579,  the  subject  was  carefully  considered  and  plans 
adopted.  The  principles  thus  adopted  became  more  fully  devel- 
oped and  matured  in  the  action  of  the  well-known  Synod  of  Dort, 
held  in  16 18  and  161 9.  In  the  seventeenth  session  of  that  Synod, 
November  30,  16 18,  the  subject  of  the  instruction  and  education 
of  youth,  and  of  catechising,  was  under  discussion.  In  the  result 
the  following  resolution  was  adopted  and  minute  made.  The 
whole  is  inserted,  as  worthy  of  being  read  and  well  weighed  : 

In  order  that  the  Christian  youth  may  be  diligently  instructed  in  the 
principles  of  religion,  and  be  trained  in  piety,  three  modes  of  catechising  should 
\^  employed.      I.  In  the  house,  by  parents.      II.  In  the  schools,  by 

SCHOOLMASTERS.  III.  In  THE  CHURCHES,  BY  MINISTERS,  ELDERS  AND 
CATECHISTS    ESI'ECLA.LLY    APPOINTED    FOR    THE    PURPOSE.        That    these    may 

diligently  employ  their  trust,  the  Christian  magistrates  shall  be  requested  to 
promote,  by  their  authority,  so  sacred  and  necessary  a  work  ;  and  all  who 
have  the  oversight  of  churches  and  schools  shall  be  required  to  pay  special 
attention  to  this  matter. 

I.  The  office  of  parents  is  diligently  to  instruct  their  children  and  their 
whole  household  in  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion,  in  a  manner  adapted 
to  their  respective  capacities  ;  earnestly  and  carefully  to  admonish  them  to  the 
cultivation  of  true  piety  ;  to  engage  their  punctual  attendance  on  family  wor- 
ship, and  take  them  with  them  to  the  hearing  of  the  Word  of  God.  They 
should  require  their  children  to  give  an  account  of  the  sermons  they  hear, 
especially  those  on  the  Catechism  ;  assign  them  some  chapters  of  Scripture  to 
read,  and  certain  passages  to  commit  to  memory  ;  and  then  impress  and  illus- 
trate the  truths  contained  in  them  in  a  familiar  manner,  adapted  to  the  tender- 
ness of  youth.  Thus  they  are  to  ]irepare  them  for  being  catechised  in  the 
schools,  and  by  attendance  on  these  to  encourage  them  and  promote  their 
edification.  Parents  are  to  be  exhorted  to  the  faithful  discharge  of  this 
duty,  by  the  public  preaching  of  the  Word  ;  but  specially  at  the  ordinary 
period  of  family  visitation,  previous  to  the  administration  of  the  Lord's  Supper, 
and  also  at  other  limes  by  the  minister,  elders,  etc.  Parents  who  profess  reli- 
gion, and  are  negligent  in  this  work,  shall  be  faithfully  admonished  by  the 
ministers  ;  and,  if  the  case  requires  it,  they  shall  be  censured  by  the  Consistory, 
that  they  may  l)e  brought  to  the  discharge  of  their  duty. 


4  A   SKETCH    OF   THE    PAROCHIAL 

II.  Schools,  in  which  the  young  shall  be  properly  instructed  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  Christian  doctrine,  shall  be  instituted  not  only  in  cities,  but  also  in 
towns  and  country  places  where  heretofore  none  have  existed.  The  Christian 
magistracy  shall  be  requested  that  well-qualified  persons  may  be  employed  and 
enabled  to  devote  themselves  to  the  service  ;  and  especially  that  the  children  of 
the  poor  may  be  gratuitously  instructed,  and  not  be  excluded  from  the  benefit 
of  the  schools.  In  this  office  none  shall  be  employed  but  such  as  are  memljers 
of  the  Reformed  Church,  having  certificates  of  an  upright  faith  and  pious  life, 
and  of  being  well  versed  in  the  truths  of  the  Catechism.  They  are  to  sign  a 
document,  professing  their  telief  in  the  Confession  of  Faith  and  the  Heidelberg 
Catechism,  and  promising  that  they  will  give  catechetical  instruction  to  the 
youth  in  the  principles  of  Christian  truth  according  to  the  same.  The  school- 
masters shall  instruct  their  scholars  according  to  their  age  and  capacity,  at  least 
two  days  in  the  week,  not  only  by  causing  them  to  commit  to  memory,  but  also 
by  instilling  into  their  minds  an  acquaintance  with  the  truths  of  the  Catechism. 
[An  elementary  small  Catechism,  the  Compendium,  and  the  Heidelberg  Cate- 
chism are  those  specified  to  be  used  by  the  different  grades  of  children  and 
youth.]  The  schoolmasters  shall  take  care  not  only  that  the  scholars 
commit  these  catechisms  to  memory,  but  that  they  suitably  understand 
the  doctrines  contained  in  them.  For  this  purpose,  they  shall  suitably 
explain  to  every  one,  in  a  manner  adapted  to  his  capacity,  and  frequently 
inquire  if  they  understand  them.  The  schoolmasters  shall  bring  eveiy 
one  of  the  pupils  committed  to  their  charge  to  the  hearing  of  the  preached 
Word,  and  particularly  the  preaching  on  the  Catechism,  and  require  from  them 
an  account  of  the  same. 

III.  In  order  that  due  knowledge  may  be  obtained  of  the  diligence  of  the 
schoolmasters,  and  the  improvement  of  the  youth,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
MINISTERS,  WITH  AN  ELDER,  and,  if  necessary,  with  a  magistrate,  to  visit  all 
the  schools,  private  as  well  as  public,  frequently,  in  order  to  excite  the  teachers 
to  earnest  diligence,  to  encourage  and  counsel  them  in  the  duty  of  catechising, 
and  to  furnish  an  example  by  questioning  them,  addressing  them  in  a  friendly 
and  affectionate  manner,  and  exciting  them  to  early  piety  and  diligence.  If 
any  of  the  schoolmasters  should  be  found  neglectful  or  perverse,  they  shall  l>e 
earnestly  admonished  by  the  ministers,  and,  if  necessary,  by  the  Consistoiy,  in 
relation  to  their  office.  The  ministers,  in  the  discharge  of  their  public  duty  in  the 
Church,  shall  preach  on  the  Catechism.  These  sermons  shall  be  comparatively 
short,  and  accommodated,  as  far  as  practicable,  to  the  comprehension  of  chil- 
dren as  well  as  adults.  The  labors  of  those  ministers  will  he  praiseworthy  who 
diligently  search  out  country  places,  and  see  that  catechetical  instmction  he 
supplied  and  faithfully  preserved.  Experience  teaches  that  the  ordinary  in- 
struction of  the  Church,  catechetical  and  other,  is  not  sufficient  for  many,  to 
instill  that  knowledge  of  the  Christian  religion  which  should,  among  the  people 
of  God,  l)e  well  grounded  ;  and  also  testifies  that  the  living  voice  has  very  great 
influence  ;  that  familiar  and  suitable  questions  and  answers,  adapted  to  the 
apprehension  of  each  individual,  is  the  best  mode  of  catechising,  in  order  to 
impress  the  principles  of  religion  upon  the  heart.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  a 
minister  to  go  with  an  elder  to  all  capable  of  instruction,  and  collect  them  in 
their  houses,  the  Consistory  chamber,  or  some  other  suitable  place  (a  number 
particularly  of  those  more  advanced  in  years),  and  explain  familiarly  to  them 
the  articles  of  the  Christian  faith,  and  catechise  them  according  to  the  circum- 
stances of  their  different  capacities,  progress  and  knowledge.  They  shall 
question  them  on  the  matter  of  the  public  sermons  on  the  Catechism.  Those 
who  desire  to  unite  with  the  Church  shall,  three  or  four  weeks  before  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  Lord's  Supper,  be  more  carefully  and  frequently  instructed, 
that  they  may  be  better  qualified  and  be  more  free  to  give  a  satisfactory  account 
of  their  faith.  The  ministers  shall  employ  diligent  care  to  ascertain  those  who 
give  any  hopeful  evidence  of  serious  concern  for  the  salvation  of  their  soul,  and 


'  School  system  in  Holland.  5 

invite  them  to  them  ;  assembhng  those  together  who  liave  Hke  impressions, 
and  encouraging  to  friendly  intercourse  and  free  conversation  with  each  other. 
These  meetings  shall  commence  with  appropriate  prayer  and  exhortation.  If 
all  this  shall  be  done  by  the  ministers  with  that  cordiality,  faithfulness,  zeal  and 
discretion  that  become  those  who  must  give  an  account  of  the  flock  committed 
to  their  charge,  it  is  not  to  be  doubted  that  in  a  short  time  abundant  fruit  of 
their  labors  shall  be  found  in  growth  in  religious  knowledge  and  holiness  of 
life,  to  the  glory  of  God  and  the  prosperity  of  the  Church  of  Christ. 

In  the  above  we  find  evidence  of  alliance  between  Church 
and  State  to  some  extent,  from  which  we  are,  happily,  wholly 
free.  But  it  suggests  sentiments,  and  marks  a  course  bearing 
upon  the  religious  education  of  children  and  youth,  well  deserv- 
ing the  attention  and  approbation  of  the  Church  and  Christian 
community.  It  is  deeply  to  be  regretted  that  with  the  extension 
of  common  school  education  through  the  entire  community, 
under  the  patronage  and  by  the  provision  of  the  State,  certain 
influences  have  successfully  operated  to  divest  them  of  a  Christian 
character.  Some  time  since,  the  Romanists  raised  an  organized 
opposition  to  our  common  schools  as  then  conducted,  demand- 
ing the  alteration  and  excision  of  our  school-books,  and  after- 
wards proceeded  to  object  to  the  use  of  the  Bible  and  the  offering 
of  prayer  in  the  schools,  until  they  are  deprived  of  the  semblance 
of  religious  character.  Succeeding  in  this,  they  raised  the  cry 
that  the  schools  were  godless  and  infidel,  and  claimed  for  them- 
selves their  proportionate  part  of  the  public  moneys  to  support 
their  own  denominational  schools,  confounding  the  doctrines 
and  rites  of  their  own  Church  with  religion.  While  the  system 
of  universal  education,  under  the  patronage  of  the  State,  is  to  be 
preserved  as  of  the  highest  importance,  and  no  denominational 
claim  should  be  allowed,  it  is  most  desirable  and  important  that 
in  the  Christian  community  the  Bible  should  be  preserved  in  our 
schools,  and  that  God  should  be  acknowledged  in  them.  But 
beyond  this,  it  is  the  province  of  the  Church,  from  her  own  re- 
sources and  means,  to  devise  the  best  methods  of  providing  an 
enlightened,  sound,  religious  education  to  her  children,  in  a  way 
the  most  practicable  under  existing  circumstances.  The  minute 
extracted  from  the  acts  of  the  Synod  of  Dort  furnishes  principles 
of  great  value  and  enduring  excellence,  which,  with  some  variety 
in  the  details  caused  by  a  change  of  circumstances  in  our  position, 
should  be  carefully  kept  in  view  by  the  Church,  to  be  faithfully 
carried  into  execution.  The  high  importance  of  selecting  or 
forming  schools  exerting  a  religious  influence  need  not  be  dilated 
on.  Parents  should  be  led  with  greater  fidelity  to  impart  domestic 
instruction  in  the  great  truths  of  the  gospel  as  embraced  in  our 
standards,  and  should  accompany  it  with  salutary  guidance  and 
example.  Ministers  and  officers  of  the  Church  should  pay  par- 
ticular attention  to  the  young,  in  their  early  religious  training,  and 


6  THE    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOL    SYSTEM    IN    HOLLAND. 

seek  to  win  them  to  the  faith  and  service  of  the  Redeemer.  Is  it 
not  to  be  feared  that,  in  the  facilities  which  modern  times  afford 
in  the  spread  of  universal  education,  the  institution  of  Sabbath- 
schools,  and  the  multiplied  and  cheap  issues  from  the  press,  there 
is  yet  a  decline  in  the  careful  attention  of  the  Church,  in  the  use 
of  the  various  means  exhibited  in  the  article  quoted  from  the  acts 
of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  for  the  acquisition  of  sound  and  well- 
digested  religious  knowledge  found  among  the  children  of  the 
Church  in  earlier  days  .'' 

This  volume,  giving  the  history  of  the  school  of  our  Reformed 
Dutch  Church  in  this  city,  is  not  without  its  interest  to  the  gen- 
eral reader  as  a  research  into  the  "  o/den /I'mes,"  and  connected 
with  the  earliest  period  of  our  city's  history.  But  it  bears  pecu- 
liar interest  to  the  friends  of  our  church,  and  all  who  feel  the 
importance  of  the  religious  training  of  the  children  of  the  Church, 
particularly  of  those  who  might  otherwise  be  neglected.  This 
history  has  been  prepared  by  the  present  Principal  of  the  school, 
after  careful  investigation  of  remaining  sources  of  information. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  so  few  materials  as  to  some  periods  have 
been  preserved.  In  the  school  there  has  ever  been  preserved  a 
course  of  instruction  in  the  branches  of  knowledge  adapted  to 
prepare  for  practical  life,  while  sound  religious  instruction  has 
been  carefully  imparted.  The  happy  and  salutary  influence  of 
the  school  has  been  experienced  through  its  continued  existence, 
and  it  is  now  flourishing  under  the  wise  and  faithful  direction  of 
the  present  Principal,  who  has  prepared  this  volume  at  the  request 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  appointed  by  the  Consistory. 

Thomas  De  Witt. 
New  York,  Sept.  20,  1853. 


^m  ^ 


w 


HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

OF   THE 

COLLEGIATE    REFORMED    DUTCH    CHURCH, 

IN    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    YORK. 


CHAPTER     I.* 

A    BRIEF    OUTLINE    OF    THE    DISCOVERY     AND     SETTLEMENT     OF     NEW 
AMSTERDAM  :     I  609  —  I  633. 

SPECIAL  preconcerted  efforts,  authorized  by  Government  or 
r^  induced  by  religious  persecution,  led  to  the  settlement  by 
the  English  of  ten  out  of  the  thirteen  original  colonies,  extend- 
ing on  the  sea-coast  from  Maine  to  Georgia,  inclusive.  How, 
then,  did  Holland  obtain  a  foothold  on  this  continent,  and  how 
came  the  Dutch  Government,  with  its  Church  and  School,  to  be 
the  first  established  in  the  Empire  State  ? 

A  brief  outline  of  the  circumstances  which  led  to  the  discovery 
and  subsequent  colonization  of  New  Amsterdam  will  not  only 
afford  a  solution  to  these  questions,  but  also  demonstrate  the 
fact  that  a  public  school  was  established  therein  as  soon  as  the 
circumstances  of  the  settlers  permitted  it. 

The  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  while  attempting  to 
reach  China  and  Cathay  by  a  westward  passage,  did  not  in  the 
least  repress  the  efforts  prompted  by  the  commercial  spirit  of  the 
age,  to  accomplish  that  undertaking.  The  voyages  made  for 
that  purpose  resulted  in  the  exploration  of  most  of  the  large 
rivers  and  estuaries  on  the  entire  eastern  sea-board  of  the  conti- 
nent. The  southern  route,  discovered  by  Magellan  in  1520, 
affording  no  advantages  over  the  accustomed  route  through  the 
Indian  Seas,  a  passage  was  sought  for  on  the  north-west.  Fore- 
most and  most  persevering  in  this  enterprise  was  England  ;  no 

*  The  contents  of  this  chapter  were  culled  from  the  first  eight  chapters 
of  Brodhead's  New  York  ;  and  here,  as  elsewhere  throughout  the  work,  his 
language  has  at  times  been  appropriated. 


8  OUTLINE    OF    THE    DISCOVERY 

less  than  thirty  voyages,  with  this  design,  having  been  under- 
taken by  British  navigators,  among  whom  was  Henry  Hudson. 
Failing  to  achieve  the  object  of  his  ambition  in  the  two  attempts 
made  by  him  in  1607  and  1608  in  behalf  of  the  English  "Asso- 
ciation for  the  Discovery  of  the  North-west  Passage,"  he  offered 
his  services  to  the  East  India  Company  of  Holland  ;  and,  on  the 
6th  of  April,  1609,  departed  in  the  Half  Moon,  from  Texel, 
with  instructions  to  "  explore  a  passage  to  China  by  the  north-east 
or  north-west. "  Prevented  by  the  ice  from  proceeding  eastward 
toward  Nova  Zembla,  he  touched  at  the  island  of  Faro,  sailed 
thence  to  the  Banks  of  Newfoundland,  ran  down  the  coasts  of 
Nova  Scotia,  Maine  and  Massachusetts,  and,  failing  to  find  an 
opening  to  the  west,  put  to  sea  again.  A  fortnight  after  he  made 
land  off  the  capes  of  the  Chesapeake,  whence,  sailing  northward 
along  the  coast  of  Maryland,  he  entered  Delaware  Bay.  Pro- 
ceeding thence  cautiously  up  the  eastern  coast  of  New  Jersey,  he 
entered  the  Narrows,  and,  on  the  nth  of  September,  anchored 
in  the  lower  bay.  Subsequently,  in  prosecution  of  his  main 
design,  he  passed  up  the  river,  which  now  bears  his  name,  to  the 
vicinity  of  Albany  ;  and,  having  ascertained  by  soundings  that  no 
farther  advance  could  be  made,  he  reluctantly  returned  to  the 
neighborhood  of  Hoboken.  On  the  4th  of  October  he  weighed 
anchor  for  the  last  time,  and,  having  re-crossed  the  ocean,  landed, 
in  November,  at  Dartmouth,  in  England,  whence  he  com- 
municated to  the  Company  at  Amsterdam  an  account  of  his 
discoveries. 

"Thus  the  triumphant  flag  of  Holland  was  the  harbinger  of 
civilization  along  the  banks  of  the  great  river  of  New  York.  The 
original  purpose  of  the  Half  Moon's  voyage  had  failed  of  accom- 
plishment ;  but  why  need  Hudson  repine  .'  He  had  not,  indeed, 
discovered  the  passage  to  the  eastern  seas,  but  he  had  led  the  way 
to  the  foundation  of  a  mighty  State.  The  attractive  region  to 
which  accident  had  conducted  the  Amsterdam  yacht,  soon  became 
a  colony  of  the  Netherlands,  where,  for  half  a  century,  the  sons 
and  daughters  of  Holland  established  themselves  securely  under 
the  ensign  of  the  republic,  transplanted  the  doctrines  of  a  reformed 
faith,  and  obeyed  the  jurisprudence  which  had  governed  their 
ancestors. "  * 

In  1610,  the  great  "River  of  the  Mountains"  was  visited  a 
second  time  by  a  vessel  from  Holland,  in  pursuit  of  beaver  and 
other  valuable  furs. 

In  161 1,  Christiaensen  and  Block  made  a  joint  voyage  to  the 
river  for  the  purposes  of  trade  ;  and  the  reports  which  they  made 
of  the  country  on  their  return  to  Holland  led  three  influential 

*  Brodhead,  N.  Y.,  36. 


AND    SETTLEMENT    OF    MANHATTAN.  9 

merchants  of  Amsterdam   to  dispatch  with  them,  in   1612,  two 
vessels  for  the  purpose  of  continuing  the  traffic  with  the  natives. 

During  1613,  three  other  trading-vessels  visited  the  island 
of  Manhattan,  returning  in  16 14,  freighted  with  large  cargoes  of 
valuable  furs.  The  ship  under  the  command  of  Block  having 
been  burned  while  he  was  preparing  to  return  to  Holland,  he 
was  obliged  to  build  a  yacht,  which  caused  him  to  remain  at 
Manhattan  during  the  winter  of  1613-14  ;  and  the  few  huts 
erected  by  him  at  this  time  near  the  southern  point  of  the  island 
were  the  first  European  abodes  upon  it.  Forsaking  these 
temporary  structures  upon  the  completion  of  his  yacht,  he  ex- 
plored the  bays  and  rivers  on  the  coasts  of  Connecticut,  Rhode 
Island  and  Massachusetts.  Here  he  found  Christiaensen's  ship 
from  Manhattan,  in  charge  of  Cornells  Hendricksen  ;  and  having 
exchanged  vessels  with  him.  Block  returned  to  Holland.  In  the 
meanwhile,  Fort  Nassau  was  built  by  Christiaensen,  on  Castle 
Island,  a  little  below  Albany,  as  a  warehouse  and  military  defense 
for  the  traders. 

Previous  to  Block's  return  to  Amsterdam,  the  States-General 
had  passed  an  Octroy,  granting  and  conceding  that  "whosoever 
shall  from  this  time  forward  discover  any  new  passages,  havens, 
lands  or  places,  shall  have  the  exclusive  right  of  navigating  to  the 
same  for  four  voyages."  The  merchants  who  had  employed 
Block,  encouraged  by  the  results  of  his  voyage,  formed  an  Asso- 
ciation, and  lost  no  time  in  taking  the  steps  necessary  to  secure 
to  themselves  the  special  privileges  guaranteed  in  the  general 
ordinance.  Through  their  deputies  at  the  Hague,  they  laid 
before  the  States-General  a  map  and  report  of  the  newly  explored 
countries,  which  now  (1614),  for  the  first  time,  received  the  name 
of  New  Netherland.  Their  High  Mightinesses  having  granted 
their  request,  they  assumed  the  title  of  "The  United  New 
Netherland  Company,"  and  enjoyed  for  three  years,  from  January, 
1615,  the  exclusive  trade  "of  all  lands  from  the  fortieth  to  the 
forty-fifth  degree  of  latitude."  * 

In  the  spring  of  1617,  Fort  Nassau  was  destroyed  by  a 
freshet,  and  a  new  fortified  post  was  erected  by  the  traders  on  the 
main  land,  on  a  commanding  eminence  called  Tawassgunshee, 
at  the  mouth  of  Norman's  Kill,  immediately  south  of  the  present 
city  of  Albany. 

On  the  expiration  of  the  Company's  charter  in  1618,  the 
trade  of  the  Manhattans  was  thrown  open,  and  many  vessels, 
heretofore  excluded,  resorted  thither  for  traffic. 

The  next  important  movement  affecting  the  interests  of  New 
Netherland,  was  the  establishment  by  charter,  in    162 1,   of  the 

•  Brodhcad,  N.  Y.,  60,  et  seq. 
B2 


lO  OUTLINE    OF    THE    DISCOVERY 

Dutch  West  India  Company.  The  central  power  of  this  Asso- 
ciation was  divided,  for  the  more  efficient  exercise  of  its  functions, 
among  five  branches  or  chambers,  located  in  the  different  cities 
of  the  Netherlands,  the  managers  of  which  were  styled  Lords 
Directors.  That  of  Amsterdam  was  the  principal  ;  and  to  it  was 
assigned  the  management  of  affairs  in  New  Netherland.  The 
general  supervision  and  government  of  the  Company  were  lodged 
in  an  Assembly  or  College  of  nineteen  delegates.  This  Com- 
pany, with  the  approbation  of  the  States-General,  appointed  the 
Director-General,  and  all  other  officers,  civil,  military,  judicial 
and  executive.  "  The  profit  and  increase  of  trade  "  was  its  main 
object,  although  it  was  expected  to  promote  colonization.  Two 
years  elapsed  before  the  company  was  prepared  to  go  into  opera- 
tion ;  the  trade  of  New  Netherland,  however,  was  constantly 
increasing. 

In  1623,  thirty  families  were  dispatched  from  Holland,  and, 
upon  entering  Hudson  River,  eight  men  were  left  to  take  posses- 
sion of  Manhattan  Island,  and  eighteen  families  were  taken  to 
the  neighborhood  of  Albany.  The  remainder  were  sent  to  locate 
upon  the  Connecticut  and  Delaware  rivers  and  the  Wallabout. 
This  was  the  first  attempt  at  colonization. 

In  1624,  Cornelius  Jacobsen  May  was  appointed  First  Di- 
rector of  New  Netherland,  and,  during  his  administration.  Fort 
Orange,  which  had  been  commenced  the  year  previous,  was 
completed. 

During  1625,  forty-five  new  settlers  were  added  to  the  popu- 
lation of  New  Netherland  ;  but  it  was  not  till  1626  that  any  per- 
manence was  given  to  the  colony  at  Manhattan.  In  this  year 
Peter  Minuit  commenced  his  administration  as  Director-General, 
and  a  council  of  six  individuals  was  appointed  for  the  adminis- 
tration of  affairs.  The  island,  heretofore  occupied  by  mere 
sufferance,  was  purchased  from  the  natives  for  twenty-four  dollars. 
Fort  Amsterdam*  was  commenced  near  the  Battery,  and  became 
the  head-quarters  of  the  Government ;  and  religious  services,  in 
the  absence  of  a  regular  clergyman,  were  commenced  by  the 
reading  of  the  Scriptures  and  the  Creed,  by  the  Consolers  of  the 
Sick.  This  may  be  deemed  the  commencement  of  a  city  now 
unrivalled  in  the  western  world. 

Compelled  by  the  hostility  of  the  neighboring  Indians,  the 
eight  families  now  constituting  the  colony  at  Fort  Orange,  and 
the  settlers  on  the  Delaware,  removed  to  Manhattan  ;  so  that,  in 
1628,  the  population  of  Manhattan  amounted  to  two  hundred 
and  seventy.      But  serious  causes  operated  to  prevent  the  pros- 

*  This  fort  was  between  Whitehall  and  State  streets,  directly  facing 
the  Bowling  Green.  The  "  Government  House  "  afterwards  occupied 
this  site. 


AND    SETTLEMENT    OF    MANHATTAN.  II 

perity  of  the  colony.  The  Indians  were  unfriendly,  difficulties 
existed  between  the  colony  and  the  settlements  in  New  England 
and  on  the  Delaware  ;  and  the  colonists  received  but  little  atten- 
tion from  the  West  India  Company,  in  consequence  of  their  com- 
mercial interest  being  involved  in  the  war  then  existing  between 
Holland  and  Spain.  By  the  Charter  of  Privileges  and  Exemptions 
granted  to  the  Patroons,  in  1629,  colonies  were  established  be- 
yond Manhattan,  and  the  commerce  of  New  Netherlands  was 
prosperous,  the  imports,  in  1632,  amounting  to  $57,200;  but 
the  small  community  located  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Amsterdam, 
being  principally  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  supported 
themselves,  in  the  absence  of  supplies  from  the  fatherland,  with 
great  difficulty. 

Minuit,  who  was  recalled  in  1632,  had  done  much  for  the 
advancement  of  trade,  to  which  his  attention  had  been  chiefly 
directed  ;  but  the  affairs  of  the  colony  were  far  from  possessing 
any  considerable  degree  of  stability.  Several  families  of  Man- 
hattan returned  with  Minuit  to  Holland,  and  for  twelve  months 
the  colony  was  left  without  a  Director-General  ;  when  the  West 
India  Company,  learning  that  the  English,  who  had  for  some 
years  laid  claim  to  the  country,  were  making  preparations  to 
establish  settlements  in  certain  portions  of  the  territory  under 
their  jurisdiction,  sent  over  Wouter  Van  Twiller  as  Director- 
General,  accompanied  by  one  hundred  and  four  soldiers  ;  the 
first  military  force  in  the  colony.  A  certain  degree  of  security 
against  the  encroachments  of  the  Indians  and  English  was  now 
established  ;  prompt  and  energetic  measures  for  the  more  efficient 
management  of  the  internal  affairs  of  the  colony  were  adopted, 
and  the  individual  interests  and  prosperity  of  the  settlers  were 
provided  for  ;  all  of  which  imparted  an  impetus  which  enabled 
the  brave  and  industrious  pioneers  at  Manhattan  to  overcome  all 
the  difficulties  from  within,  and  foes  from  without,  with  which 
for  many  years  they  were  called  to  contend  ;  and  it  is  at  this 
period  we  shall,  in  the  subsequent  chapter,  take  up  the  subject 
of  the  establishment  of  the  ohiest  school  now  in  existence  in  America. 


CHAPTER    II. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  .SCHOOL  FROM  ITS  ESTABLISHMENT,  1 633,  TO  THE 
CAPITULATION,  1 664  ;  EMBRACING  A  PERIOD  OF  THIRTY-ONE 
YEARS. 

In  the  "  Historical  Sketch  "  we  have  seen  that  the  Dutch 
have  long  been  distinguished  for  their  interest  in  education. 
"  Neither  the  perils  of  war,  nor  the  busy  pursuit  of  gain,  nor  the 
excitement  of  political  strife,  ever  caused  them  to  neglect  the 
duty  of  educating  their  offspring.  Schools  were  everywhere  pro- 
vided, at  the  public  expense,  with  good  schoolmasters,  to  instruct 
the  children  0/ all  classes  in  the  usual  branches  of  education  ;  and 
the  Consistories  of  the  churches  took  zealous  care  to  have  their 
youth  thoroughly  taught  the  Catechism  and  the  Articles  of 
Religion."  * 

Their  national  prosperity  must  be  attributed,  in  no  small 
degree,  to  their  moral  character  ;  and  when,  in  the  course  of 
Providence,  they  commenced  the  colonization  of  New  Nether- 
lands, the  settlers,  noted  for  their  sterling  virtues  and  adherence 
to  the  principles  which  they  had  embraced,  not  only  brought 
with  them  and  established,  as  far  as  the  circumstances  of  a  new 
colony  rendered  it  practicable,  the  civil  polity  to  which  they  had 
been  accustomed,  but  had  secured  to  them,  by  legal  enactment, 
the  institution  of  churches  and  schools. 

The  West  India  Company,  with  whom  the  work  of  coloniza- 
tion commenced,  bound  itself"  to  maintain  good  and  fit  preachers, 
schoolmasters  and  comforters  of  the  sick,  "f  "  They  recognized 
the  authority  of  the  Established  Church  of  Holland  over  their 
colonial  possessions  ;  and  the  specific  care  of  the  transatlantic 
churches  was  early  intrusted  by  the  Synod  of  North  Holland  to 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  By  that  body  all  the  colonial  clergy 
were  approved  and  commissioned.  For  more  than  a  century  its 
ecclesiastical  supremacy  was  affectionately  acknowledged  ;  and 
long  after  the  capitulation  of  the  province  to  England,  the  power 
of  ordination  to  the  ministry,  in  the  American  branch  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church,  remained  in  the  governing  Classis  of 
Holland,  or  was  exercised  only  by  its  special  permission."! 

*  Brodhead,  i.  462.        f  O'Call.  N.  N.,  i.  220.      |  Brodhead,  i.  614. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL,    ETC.  1 3 

The  establishment  of  schools,  and  the  appointment  of 
schoolmasters,  rested  conjointly  with  the  Company  and  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  ;  and  it  is  from  this  circumstance  that  much 
relating  to  the  early  history  of  the  school  under  consideration  has 
been  preserved. 

When  the  special  Charter  of  "  Freedoms  and  Exemptions" 
was  granted  by  the  Company  to  the  Patroons,  for  the  purpose  of 
agricultural  colonization,  they  were  not  only  obligated  to  satisfy 
the  Indians  for  the  lands  upon  which  they  should  settle,  but  were 
to  make  prompt  provision  for  the  support  of ''a  minister  and 
schoolmaster,  that  thus  the  service  of  God  and  zeal  for  religion  may 
not  grow  cool,  and  be  neglected  among  them  ;  and  that  they  do, 
for  the  first,  procure  a  comforter  of  the  sick  there."*  Thus 
religion  and  learning  were  encouraged  :  and  we  find  accordingly, 
in  the  early  records,  frequent  references  to  the  judicial  support 
and  maintenance  of  schools  at  Fort  Orange,  Flatbush,  Fort 
Casimir,  and  other  settlements.  In  the  contract  made  with  the 
Rev.  Gideon  Schaets,  when  engaged  as  minister  at  Rensselaers- 
wyck,  he  was  required,  among  other  duties,  "To  use  all 
Christian  zeal  there  to  bring  up  both  the  heathens  and  their  children 
in  the  Christian  religion.  To  teach  also  the  Catechism  there,  and 
instruct  the  people  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  to  pay  attention 
to  the  office  o{  schsobtiaster  for  old  and  young.  And,  further,  to 
do  everything  fitting  and  becoming  a  public,  honest,  and  holy 
teacher,  for  the  advancement  of  divine  service  and  church  exercise 
among  the  young  and  old.  And  in  case  he  should  take  any  of 
the  heathen  children  to  educate,  he  was  to  be  indemnified  therefor 
as  the  Commissioners  shall  think  proper,  "f  This  is  not  the 
only  instance  where  public  provision  was  made  by  our  ancestors 
for  the  education  of  all  classes,  including  even  the  children  of 
the  natives. 

The  course  most  commonly  pursued,  when  a  colony  was 
to  be  established,  was  to  have  a  schoolmaster  accompany  the 
settlers,  and,  to  a  certain  extent,  conduct  religious  services. 
After  habitations  were  erected,  and  the  settlement  had  assumed  a 
warrantable  degree  of  stability,  it  was  provided  with  a  minister. 
A  settlement  on  the  Delaware  furnishes  a  case  in  point.  Settlers 
were  encouraged  to  proceed  to  New  Amstel  by  certain  conditions, 
thirty-five  in  number,  the  seventh  of  which  was,  "The  city  of 
Amsterdam  shall  send  thither  a  proper  person  for  schoolmaster, 
who  shall  also  read  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  public,  and  set  the 
Psalms. "  The  eighth  article  stipulated,  ' '  The  city  of  Amsterdam 
shall  also  provide,  as  soon  as  convenient,   for  the  said  school- 

*   fjt/^  Charter  of  "  Privileiijes  anil  Exemptions."     OTall.  N.  N.  i.  iiq. 
t  O'Call.  N.  N.  ii.  567. 


14  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

master."  When  the  population  should  amount  to  two  hundred, 
a  minister  and  Consistory  were  to  be  appointed.  Accordingly, 
about  one  hundred  and  sixty-seven  colonists  embarked,  accom- 
panied by  ' '  Evert  Pietersen,  who  had  been  approved,  after  exami- 
nation  be/ore  the  Classis,  as  schoolmaster  and  Zieken-trooster," 
"to  read  God's  Word,  and  lead  in  singing. "  Notwithstanding 
disasters  at  sea,  the  colony  was  soon  organized  under  auspices 
favorable  to  its  prosperity. 

"Under  date  of  Aug.  lo,  1657,  Evert  Pietersen,  Comforter 
of  the  Sick  and  Schoolmaster  in  the  Colonie  established  by  the 
city  of  Amsterdam,  on  the  South  (Delaware)  River,  in  New 
Netherlands,"  writes  to  the  Commissioners  of  the  Colonie  : 

"  In  Fort  Amstel,  on  the  South  River,  N.  N. 
"  We  arrived  here  on  the  25th  of  April.      I  find  twenty  famihes,  mostly 
Swedes,  not  more  than  five  or  six  families  belonging  to  our  nation.     I  already 
begin  to  keep  school,  and  have  twenty-five  children,  &c.,  &c. 

"Your  Honors'  most  obedient  servant, 

"EVERT    PIETERSEN."* 

"  The  religious  instruction  of  the  colonists  was  superintended 
by  Pietersen,"  until  the  arrival,  a  few  months  afterwards,  of 
Dominie  Everardus  Welius,  accompanied  by  about  four  hundred 
new  emigrants.  A  church  was  immediately  organized,  and  two 
elders  were  appointed,  with  "Pietersen  as  fore-singer,  Zieken- 
trooster,  and  Deacon,"  with  a  colleague.  The  colony  seemed 
very  prosperous,  and  was  augmented  by  thirty  families  from 
Manhattan,  f 

Creditable  in  the  extreme  was  this  determination  ot  the 
Dutch  to  transplant  in  the  New  World  those  institutions  which 
had  long  been  the  pride  of  their  native  land  ;  and,  notwithstand- 
ing the  many  and  formidable  difficulties  with  which  these  had  to 
contend  in  those  troublous  and  perilous  times,  their  influence  in 
the  community  has  not  yet  ceased. 

Would  that  the  Dutch  descendants  of  the  present  generation, 
the  recipients  of  a  noble  inheritance,  and  participants  of  its 
resultant  blessings,  were  as  ardently  attached  to  these  institutions, 
and  as  zealous  as  were  their  forefathers  in  sustaining  and  extend- 
ing them  ! 

1626. — On  the  settlement  of  Manhattan,  we  find  nearly  the 
same  course  pursued  as  in  the  case  of  New  Amstel.  When  a 
colonial  government  was  organized,  1626,  by  Minuit,  the  first 
Director-General,  we  find  the  place  of  a  clergyman  supplied,  to 
a  certain  extent,  by  Sebastian  Jans  Crol,  and  Jan  Huyck,  two 
"  Krank-besoeckers,"  "  Zieken-troosters, "  or  "Comforters  of  the 
Sick,"  whom  they  were  to  visit  and  pray  with.     It  was  their  espe- 

*  Holland  Doc,  ii.  17.  t  Brod.  N.  Y.,  i.  631  633. 


FROM     1633    TO     1664.  15 

cial  duty  to  read  to  the  people,  on  the  Sabbath,  "  some  texts  out 
of  the  Scriptures,  together  with  the  Creeds."  "Francois  Mole- 
maecker  was  at  the  same  time  employed  in  building  a  horse-mill, 
with  a  spacious  room  above  to  accommodate  a  large  congrega- 
tion ;  and  a  tower  was  also  to  be  erected  in  which  the  bells 
brought  from  Porto  Rico  were  intended  to  be  hung. "  * 

Thus,  coeval  with  the  arrival  of  the  first  organized  body  of 
colonists  we  have  the  introduction  of  public  religious  services  ; 
the  settlers  being  exclusively  from  Holland,  and  of  the  Reformed 
religion. 

Exigency  of  circumstances,  in  a  new  settlement,  sometimes 
demanded  that  the  exercise  of  the  functions  pertaining  to  the 
offices  of  the  minister,  the  schoolmaster,  and  the  Krank-besoecker, 
devolved  upon  the  same  individual  ;  so  that  we  might  with  pro- 
priety be  justified  in  claiming  the  introduction  of  public  education 
as  early  as  1626  ;  but  as  the  term  schoolmaster  is  not  expressly 
applied  to  either  of  the  Krank-besoeckers,  we  will  waive  the 
position.  It  will  be  observed,  however,  that  this  peculiarity  of 
the  Reformed  Church  was  introduced  into  Manhattan  previous  to 
any  legal  enactment  of  requirement,  as  it  was  not  until  1629  that 
the  condition  was  imposed  of  appointing  a  "  comforter." 

1633.  —  In  April  (prior  to  the  i2th-|-),  1633,  Wouter  Van 
Twiller  arrived  at  Manhattan,  as  the  second  Director-General  of 
New  Netherlands.  In  the  enumeration  of  the  Company's  officials 
of  the  same  year,  Everardus  Bogardus  is  mentioned  as  officiating 
as  minister  at  Fort  Amsterdam,  and  Adam  Roelantsen  as  the 
first  schoolmaster.  \ 

Here,  then,  in  accordance  with  the  custom  of  the  age,  the 
usage  of  the  home  Government,  and  by  charter  stipulations,  we 
have  the  introduction  of  the  first  schoolmaster  in  Manhattan, 
establishing,  as  the  sequel  will  prove,  the  foundation  of  an  insti- 
tution which  the  Church  has  never  lost  sight  of ;  and  although  it 
is  probable  that  at  times  the  school  was  kept  somewhat  irregu- 
larly, owing  to  the  unsettled  state  of  affairs  arising  from  Indian 
depredations,  and  the  hostile  attitude  and  aggressions  of  the 
colonists  in  New  England,  yet  the  records  furnish  direct  and 
indisputable  evidence  of  the  efforts  made  for  its  support  and 
continuance. 

*  Memoir  on  the  Colonization  of  New  Netherlands,  by  J.  R.  Brodhead, 
Esq.;  collected  from  "  Wassenaar's  Historiche  Verhael  "  (Amst.  1621-1632). 
"  The  Creed  is  still  read  in  the  churches  in  Holland  by  the  '  Voorleezers  '  or 
clerks,  from  the  '  Doop-huysje  '  or  baptistery,  under  the  pulpit.  Until  a 
recent  period  this  custom  was  kept  up  in  the  Reformed  Dutch  churches  in  this 
country."  N.  Y.  H.  S.  Coll.,  ii.  363.  Brod.  N.  Y.,  i.  165.  Doc.  Hist.. 
N.  Y.,  iii.  42. 

t  O'Call.  N.  N.,  i.  141-143.  I  Alb.  Kec,  i.  52. 


l6  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

On  the  arrival  of  Van  Twiller,  he  found  aflfairs  in  a  sad  con- 
dition, the  colony  having  been  for  a  year  without  an  executive 
officer.  "Fort  Amsterdam,  now  dilapidated,  was  repaired.  A 
guard-house  and  barrack  for  the  newly  arrived  soldiers  were  con- 
structed within  the  fort ;  three  windmills  were  erected  ;  brick  and 
frame  houses  were  built  for  the  Director  and  his  officers  ;  small 
houses  were  constructed  for  the  corporal,  the  smith,  the  cooper 
and  the  midwife  ;  and  the  '  upper  room  '  in  the  mill,  in  which 
the  people  had  worshipped  since  1626,  was  replaced  by  a  plain 
wooden  building,  the  first  church  edifice  0/  New  Netherlands,  situate 
on  the  East  River,  in  what  is  now  Broad  Street,  between  Pearl 
and  Bridge  Streets  ;"*  and  near  this  *'  Oude  Kerck,"  in  Whitehall 
Street,  near  Bridge,  a  dwelling-house  and  stable  were  erected  for 
the  use  of  the  Dominie,  f 

In  an  extended  list  of  the  officers  and  servants  of  the  Dutch 
West  India  Company,  in  1638,  Rev.  Everardus  Bogardus  is  again 
mentioned  as  minister  at  Fort  Amsterdam,  where  Adam  Roelantsen 
was  still  the  schoolmaster.;};  Roelantsen  is  mentioned  also  as  hav- 
ing a  lawsuit  this  year  with  one  Jan  Jansen  ;  and  also  as  testif}'ing 
in  another  suit,  at  the  request  of  Rev.  E.  Bogardus.  §  The  follow- 
ing year  he  resigned  his  charge  and  left  the  colony,  as  in  the  list 
of  settlers  arrived  in  Rensselaerswyck,  in  1639,  ^'^  fi"<^  the  name 
of  "Adam  Roelantsen  Van  Hamelwaard,  previously  schoolmaster 
at  New  Amsterdam. "  II  Roelantsen  was  born  about  1606,  and 
was  consequently  twenty-seven  years  of  age  on  his  arrival  at  New 
Amsterdam,  where  he  married  a  widow. 

His  stay  in  Rensselaerswyck  was  less  than  two  years,  for  in 
1 64 1  he  is  again  in  New  Amsterdam.  On  the  2 2d  of  June  of 
that  year  he  had  a  daughter  (Tryntje)  baptized.  While  officiating 
as  schoolmaster  he  resided  in  the  outskirts  of  the  settlement, 
adjoining  or  in  close  proximity  to  the  farm  of  Jan  Damen,  the 
south  side  of  which  bordered  along  Wall  Street.  This  is  inferred 
from  complaints  made  by  Roelantsen  that  Damen's  cattle  tres- 
passed on  his  premises. 

February  7,  1642,  the  following  agreement  was  entered  into 
between  Adam  Roelantsen,  from  Dockum  (a  city  in  Northern 
Holland),  on  one  side,  and  John  Teunison,  carpenter,  on  the 
other,  respecting  the  building  of  a  house  for  said  Roelantsen. 
This  was  on  the  north  side  of  Stone  Street  (then  a  mere  road 
and  unpaved),  between  Whitehall  and  Broad  streets,  and  next 
door  but  one  to  the  brewery  of  the  celebrate'd  magistrate,  Olofif 
Stevensen  Van  Cortland.  His  garden  had  a  frontage  of  one 
hundred  feet. 

*  Now  known  as  loo  Broad  Street.     Alb.  Rec,  x.  335.     Benson's  Hist. 
Mem.,  42.    O'Call.  N.  N.,  i.  155.       f  Val.  Man. Com.  Coun.,  1853,  427  et  seq. 
X  Alb.  Rec,  ii.  13-15.  §  Ibid.,  i.  43.         ||  O'Call.  N.  N.,  i.  438. 


FROM     1633    TO    1664.  17 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  contract : 

John  Teunison  agrees  to  build  the  same  of  the  following  dimensions  :  In 
length  thirly  feet,  in  width  eighteen  feet,  in  height  eight  feet  ;  the  beams  to  be 
hewn  at  four  sides,  the  house  to  be  well  and  tight  clapboarded,  and  roofed 
with  substantial  reeden  thatch  ;  the  floors  tight  and  made  of  clapboard  ;  two 
doors,  one  entry,  a  pantry,  a  bedstead,  a  staircase  to  go  to  the  garret  ;  the 
upper  part  of  the  chimneys  to  be  of  wood  ;  one  mantelpiece  ;  the  entry  to  be 
three  feet  wide,  with  a  partition.  The  house  to  be  ready  by  ist  of  May  next. 
All  for  the  sum  of  three  hundred  and  fifty  guilders  ($140),  to  be  paid  by  Roe- 
lantsen,  one  half  when  the  timber  is  on  the  ground  and  the  other  half  when 
the  building  is  finished.* 

In  1643  he  was  "  weighmaster, "  and  purchased  a  lot  for  a 
house  and  garden. f  February  3,  1644,  he  had  a  son  (Daniel)  bap- 
tized. After  the  death  of  his  wife,  who  left  four  small  children, 
he  went  to  Holland,  July,  1646,  returned  in  November,  and 
in  December  sold  his  house  to  Govert  Aertsen.J  In  1647  he 
was  appointed  Provost,  and  in  1653  ^^''^^  "^  member  of  the  Burgher 
Corps  of  New  Amsterdam.  §  Subsequent  to  the  latter  date  neither 
his  name  nor  that  of  his  descendants  is  ft)und  in  the  Records. 

A  successor  to  Roelantsen  was  found  in  Jan  Stevensen, 
schoobnaster ,  to  whom  the  West  India  Company  granted  the 
patent  of  a  lot  north  of  Fort  Amsterdam,  for  a  house  and  garden.  || 
March  9,  1646,  shortly  after  the  death  of  Mrs.  Roelantsen,  who 
left  four  young  children,  "on  application  of  the  Fiscal,  Philip 
Geraedy,  Hans  Kierstede,  Jan  Stevensen,  schoolmaster,  and  Oloff  ■ 
Stevensen  (van  Cortland)  were  appointed  curators  of  the  estate 
and  children  of  Lyntje  Martens,  late  wife  of  Adam  Roelantsen.^ 

In  1642,  the  church  on  Broad  Street  having  become  some- 
what dilapidated  and  reproachful  in  appearance,  an  effort  was 
made  to  procure  a  new  one.  and  at  the  same  time  was  com- 
menced the  laudable  undertaking  of  building  a  school-house  with 
suitable  accommodations.  The  Vertoogh,  after  mentioning  the 
efforts  made   to   raise  subscriptions   for  building  a  new  church, 

*  Val.  Man.,  1863,  p.  560.  t  Reg.  Deeds,  N.  A.,  134. 

X  Val.  Man.,  1863,  p.  560.      §  O'Call.  N.  N.,  ii.  569.    Alb.  Rec,  viii. 

II  Cal.  Dutch  MSS.,  p.  367.  In  a  map  exhibiting  the  original  grants  of 
village  lots  from  the  Dutch  West  India  Company  to  the  inhabitants  of  New 
Amsterdam,  below  the  present  line  of  Wall  Street  (Val.  Man.,  1857),  this  lot 
is  located  at  the  north-west  corner  of  the  "  Heere  Straat,"  now  Broadway  and 
Morris  Street.  The  dimensions  were  ten  rods  and  nine  feet  on  Broadway,  and 
extended  twelve  rods  and  eight  feet  towards  the  river.  Immediately  adjoining 
on  the  north  was  the  Old  Church  Yard,  the  first  in  the  city.  To  the  west  of 
these  was  a  parcel  of  land  belonging  to  Dominie  S.  Drisius.  Upon  the  land 
on  the  map  alxjve  mentioned  is  inscrilx;d  "Jan  Stevensen,  schoolmaster,  1643." 
Andries  Hudde,  a  private  schoolmaster  quite  noted  in  his  day,  purchased  a  lot 
the  same  year  on  the  east  side  of  Broadway,  about  150  feet  south  of  Exchange 
Place.  His  name  and  date  only  appear  on  the  map,  and  not  the  distinctive 
term  "schoolmaster,"  which  in  this  and  in  several  other  instances  was  used 
only  when  the  official  schoolmaster  was  referred  to. 
''  Cal.  Dutch  MSS.,  p.  99. 
C 


10  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

adds  :  "  'The  bowl  has  been  going  round  a  long  time,  for  the 
purpose  of  collecting  money  for  erecting  a  school-house ;  and  it 
has  been  built  with  words  ;  for,  as  yet,  the  first  stone  is  not  laid  ; 
some  materials  only  are  provided.  The  money,  nevertheless,  given 
for  the  purpose,  has  all  found  its  way  out,  and  is  mostly  spent. ' 
The  church,  however,  was  commenced  in  the  Fort,  by  John 
and  Richard  Ogden.  It  was  to  be  built  of  stone,  seventy-two 
feet  long,  fifty-two  broad,  and  sixteen  over  the  ground.  Joachim 
Pietersen  Kuyter  was  elected  deacon,  and  with  Jan  Dam,  Captain 
De  Vries,  and  Director  Kieft,  formed  \k\Q  first  Consistory  to  super- 
intend its  erection."*  "But  in  1646  the  church  was  still  unfin- 
ished, as  the  Director-General,  being  distressed  for  money,  had 
applied  to  his  own  use  the  funds  appropriated  ;  and,  from  the 
same  cause,  the  laudable  undertaking  of  erecting  a  school-house 
had  failed." f 

But  New  Amsterdam  had,  indeed,  been  experiencing  trou- 
blous times.  "  Even  the  poor-fund  of  the  deaconry  was  seques- 
tered, and  applied  to  the  purposes  of  war."  Parties  of  Indians 
roved  about,  day  and  night,  over  Manhattan  Island,  killing 
the  Dutch  not  a  thousand  paces  from  Fort  Amsterdam  ;  and 
no  one  dared  "to  move  a  foot  to  fetch  a  stick  of  fire-wood 
without  a  strong  escort. "  "  The  mechanics  who  plied  their  trades 
were  ranged  under  the  walls  of  the  fort  ;  all  others  were  exposed 
to  the  incursions  of  the  savages."  For  the  protection  of  the  few 
cattle  which  remained  to  the  decimated  population,  "  a  good 
solid  fence  "  was  ordered  to  be  erected  nearly  on  the  site  of  the 
present  Wall  Street.  The  authorities  write:  "Our  fields  lie 
fallow  and  waste  ;  our  dwellings  and  other  buildings  are  burnt. 
We  are  burthened  with  heavy  families  ;  we  have  no  means  to 
provide  necessaries  for  wives  or  children  ;  and  we  sit  here 
amidst  thousands  of  Indians  and  barbarians,  from  whom  we  find 
neither  peace  nor  mercy."  "At  Manhattan,  and  in  its  neigh- 
borhood, scarcely  one  hundred  men,  besides  traders,  could  be 
found."  Such  being  the  state  of  affairs,  it  is  not  surprising  that 
the  church  was  unfinished,  and  the  school-house  not  commenced  ; 
for  the  money  which  the  impoverished  commonalty  had  con- 
tributed to  build  the  school-house  had  "all  found  its  way  out, 
and  was  expended  for  the  troops."  |  Yet,  notwithstanding  these 
difficulties,  the  subject  was  not  forgotten. 

1647. — I^  the  following  year,  1647,  a  new  feature  was  intro- 
duced in  the  government  of  New  Amsterdam  by  the  appointment 
of  Nine  Men.  The  introduction  of  this  description  of  tribunal 
furnishes  an  additional  proof  that  Holland  was  the  source  whence 

*  Van  Der  Donck's  Vertoogh.  ii.  N.  Y.  H.  S.  Coll.,  vii.  294.  O'Call., 
j.  260. 

t  O'Call.,  1.  395,  396.  X  Brod.  N.  Y.,  i.  397,  374,  392,  398,  410. 


FROM    1633    TO    1664.  19 

New  Netherland  derived  its  municipal  institutions,  and  shows 
how  strongly  its  settlers  were  attached  to  those  freedoms  with 
which  they  were  so  familiar  in  their  fatherland. 

The  Director  and  Council,  desirous  "that  the  government 
of  New  Amsterdam  might  continue  and  increase  in  good  order, 
justice,  police,  population,  prosperity,  and  mutual  harmony,  and 
be  provided  with  strong  fortifications,  a  church,  a  school,  Ac," 
permitted  the  inhabitants  to  nominate  eighteen  of  the  most 
notable,  reasonable,  honest  and  respectable  citizens,  from  whom 
the  Director  and  Council  selected  nine,  "as  is  customary  in 
Fatherland."  * 

These  Nine  Men  were  the  Representatives  of  the  people. 
They  were  consulted  in  all  matters  of  importance,  were  invested 
with  limited  judiciary  powers,  and  those  who  appealed  from  their 
decision  subjected  themselves  to  a  fine.  On  the  organization  of 
this  body,  Director  Stuyvesant,  who  this  year  superseded  Kieft, 
called  their  special  attention,  November  11,  1647,  among  other 
things,  "  to  the  condition  of  the  fort  and  of  the  church,  and  to 
the  state  of  public  education  ;"  informing  them  that,  "  owing  to 
the  want  of  proper  accommodations,  no  school  had  been  held  for 
three  months."  Subsequently,  November  14,  "he  consented 
to  defray,  on  behalf  of  the  Company,  a  portion  of  the  e.xpenses 
necessary  for  the  encouragement  of  education,  and  to  continue 
such  assistance  in  future,  to  'promote  the  glorious  work.'" 
"  Meanwhile,  he  informed  them  that  a  convenient  place  for  a 
school-house  and  dwelling  for  the  schoolmaster  would  be  pro- 
vided for  the  winter,  either  in  one  of  the  outhouses  of  the  Fiscaal's 
department,  or  any  other  suitable  place  that  the  Deacons  of  the 
church  might  approve."  "The  arrangements  for  completing 
the  church,  and  for  fostering  the  school,  met  with  no  objection." 
A  plan,  however,  which  he  had  proposed  for  repairing  the  fort 
was  condemned  by  them,  f 

It  will  be  observed  that  when  a  school  is  spoken  of  under 
the  Dutch  administration,  special  reference  is  invariably  made 
to  the  official  public  school,  supported  by  the  authorities,  and  in 
connection  with  the  .  Established  Church,  the  schoolmasters 
whereof  were  appointed  by  the  West  India  Company.  From  the 
first  organization  of  the  school  till  the  year  1808,  when  a  special 
Board  of  Trustees  was  appointed,  the  supervision  and  manage- 
ment of  the  school  were  in  the  hands  of  the  deacons  ;  hence  the 
reference  made  to  them  above. 

No  private  school  teachers,  as  will  hereafter  be  shown,  could 
follow  their  calling  without  a  license  from  the  civil  and  ecclesi- 
astical authorities. 

The  Records  furnish  the  names  of  some  such  in  the  city  at 

•  O'Call.  N.  N.,  ii.  37."  t  O'Call.  N.  N.,  ii.  41,  42. 


20  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

this  period,*  but  the  provision  made  above  is  for  a  school-house 
and  dwelling  for  the  schoolmaster,  under  the  direction  of  the 
deacons ;  and,  furthermore,  the  statement  that,  for  want  "of 
proper  accommodations,  no  school  had  been  held  for  three 
months,"  must  have  reference  to  the  public  school  in  connection 
with  the  church,  of  which  Jan  Stevensen  was  then  master,  and  for 
whom  the  dwelling  (above  alluded  to)  was  intended. 

July  20,  1647,  ^  Power  of  Attorney  was  given  by  Jan  Ste- 
vensen, schoohnaster ,  to  Luycas  Smith,  to  receive  certain  moneys 
from   the   West  India  Company  at  Amsterdam. f 

August  13,  1648,  a  similar  Power  was  given  by  Jan  Willem- 
sen  Schut  to  Jan  Stevensen,  schoolmaster,  to  receive  money  due 
him  by  the  W.  I.  Co.  at  Amsterdam.  |  He  was  then  on  the  eve 
of  his  departure  for  Holland,  and  as  the  schoolmaster  always 
"  read  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  public  and  set  the  Psalms,"  tempo- 
rary provision  was  made  for  filling  the  latter  office,  as  follows  : 

26  October,  Ac.  1648.  —  Ter  vergaderinge  is  hooghnoodigh  geacht  in 
plaels  van  Jan  Stevensen  voorsanger  (fore -singer)  een  ander  bequaem  persoon 
te  stellen.  Soo  ist  dat  voor  deesen  jegenwoordigen  tijt  opt  Eijlant  Manhatans 
geen  bequaemer  persoon  als  Pieter  van  der  Linden  hebben  connen  tot  het  selve 
voorleesers  (fore-reader)  ampt  uijt  vinden,  hebben  oversulx  denselven  Pieter 
van  der  Linden  als  voorleeser  aengenonien,  ende  daer  voor  jaerlijex  toegeleijt 
y.  150,  jaerly  en  dat  ter  tijt  een  ander  bequaem  persoon  uyt  Holland  mocht 
gesonden  worden.§ 

TRANSLATION. 

26  October,  1648. — At  the  meeting  it  was  considered  highly  expedient, 
instead  of  Jan  Stevensen,  fore-singer,  to  appoint  another  able  person.  So  it  is, 
that  at  this  present  time,  no  better  person  could  be  found  upon  the  Island  of 
Manhatans  than  Pieter  van  der  Linden  to  fulfil  the  post  as  fore-reader,  and 
have,  in  consequence  thereof,  appointed  said  Pieter  van  der  Linden,  with  an 
annual  income  of  y".i50  (guilders),  until  another  suitable  person  might  be  sent 
from  Holland.  || 

August  13,  1649.  —  "Jan  Stevensen,  late  Schoolmaster  at  New 
Amsterdam,  sold  a  house  and  garden  north  of  the  fort.  "^ 

The  successor  of  Jan  Stevensen  was  Jan  Cornelissen. 

1649. — In  the  year  1649  serious  difficulties  arose  between  the 
Nine  Men,  on  one  part,  and  the  Director-General  and  his  Coun- 
cil, in  consequence  of  which  a  delegation  from  the  Nine  Men, 
at  the  head  of  which  was  Adriaen  van  der  Donck,  the  President 
of  that  body,  proceeded  to  the  Hague  (October),  and  laid  before 

*  N.  Am.  Rec,  102.     Alb.  Rec,  i.  v.  31.  t  Cal.  Dutch  MSS.,  p.  38. 

I  Cal.  Dutch  MSS.,  p.  42. 

§  Vol.  iv.  p.  420  of  original  Dutch  MSS.  in  Department  of  Historical 
Records,  Albany. 

II  Peter  van  der  Linden  and  wife  arrived  at  Manhattan,  1639.  He  was  a 
surgeon  and  quite  a  prominent  man  in  the  colony.  He  was  the  owner  of  con- 
siderable real  estate.  In  1647  he  sold  his  plantation  on  Manhattan  Island, 
't  Oude  Vraack  Kill,  and  extending  along  the  East  River  300  paces. — Records 
of  Collegiate  R.  D.  Church,  pp.  7,  11,  41,  365. 

IT  Cal.  Dutch  MSS.,  p.  48. 


FROM     1633    TO     1664.  21 

the  States-General  a  remonstrance,  known  as  the  Vertoogh,  in 
which  they  complain  of  many  grievances  existing  in  the  adminis- 
tration at  New  Amsterdam.  Speaking  of  the  Church,  they  say  : 
"As  for  its  revenue,  we  know  of  none.  No  pains  were  taken 
by  the  Director  to  create  any.  There  has  been  a  good  deal  said 
about  the  building  of  a  school-house,  but,  as  yet,  the  first  stone 
is  not  laid.  The  funds  collected  for  this  object  have  been  mis- 
applied. No  provision  has  been  made  for  the  poor,  who  had  to 
depend  entirely  on  the  congregation  and  a  few  fines  and  offerings. 
But  the  greater  part  of  the  sacred  fund  had  found  its  way  into  the 
Company's  hands,  on  interest,  it  was  pretended,  but,  as  yet, 
neither  principal  nor  interest  was  forthcoming.  Furthermore, 
they  desire  that  the  school  be  provided  with  at  least  two  good 
schoolmasters,  so  that  the  youth  may  be  instructed  and  trained, 
not  only  in  reading  and  writing,  but  also  in  the  knowledge  and 
fear  of  the  Lord. "  * 

Cornelius  Van  Tienhoven,  the  Schout  or  Sheriff  of  New 
Amsterdam,  proceeded  to  the  Hague  and  presented  a  reply  to  the 
Vertoogh,  November,  1650,  and  in  answer  to  the  above  says  : 
"It  is  true  the  new  school-house  has  not  been  built;  but  this 
was  not  the  fault  of  the  Director,  who  is  busy  collecting  mate- 
rials, but  of  the  churchwardens  (or  deacons)  who  had  charge  of 
the  funds,  provided  in  part  by  the  commonalty  and  in  part  by 
subscriptions."  In  the  mt?iXiVi\\\\t,  Jan  Come lissen  had  kept  Ihe 
school,  a  place  for  which  had  been  provided  ;  and  then  immedi- 
ately adds  :  ''Other  teachers f  keep  school  in  hired  houses,  so 
that  the  youth  are  furnished  with  the  means  of  education,"  al- 
though there  is,  as  yet,  no  Latin  School  or  Academy.  "If,"  he 
adds,  "  the  remonstrants  be  such  friends  to  religion  and  educa- 
tion as  they  pretend,  let  them  be  leaders  in  a  subscription  to  such 
laudable  undertakings,  and  not  complain  as  they  did  when  asked 
to  contribute  for  the  church  and  school-house. "  | 

The  same  year,  Dominie  Backerus,  who  had  succeeded 
Bogardus  in  1647,  by  the  permission  of  the  Classis,  took  leave 
of  the  Church  at  Manhattan,  with  the  intention  of  returning  to 
Holland.  Jan  Cornelissen,  the  third  master  mentioned  in  con- 
nection with  the  public  school  under  the  care  of  the  Church, 
having  signified  his  intention  to  resign  his  situation,  Stuyvesant 
embraced  the  opportunity  of  the  Dominie's  return  to  write  ear- 
nestly to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  "for  a  pious,  well  qualified, 
and  diligent  schoolmaster."  "Nothing,"  he  adds,  "is  of  greater 
importance  than  the  right,  early  instruction  of  youth."  § 

*  Hoi.  Doc,  iv.     O'Call.  N.  N.,  ii.  114,  120. 

\Vide  N.  Am.  Rec,  v.  31,  150,  169,  for  names  of  private  schoolmasters 
from   1643  to  1649. 

t  ii.  N.  V.  Hist.  .Soc.  Col.,  ii.  331.     O'Call.,  ii.  123,  126. 
§  Cor.  CI.  Am.     Brod.,  i.  50S. 


li  HISTORY   OF   THE   SCHOOL 

Subsequent  to  the  departure  of  Backerus,  Dominie  Megapo- 
lensis  arrived  in  Manliattan,  on  his  way  from  Rensselaerswyck  to 
Holland,  whither  his  wife  had  already  returned.  The  Church 
being  vacant,  he  was  solicited  by  Stuyvesant  to  remain,  as  chil- 
dren were  every  Sunday  presented  for  baptism,  "sometimes  one, 
sometimes  two,  yea,  sometimes  three  and  four  together."  The 
Dominie  being  prevailed  on  to  stay,  was  formally  installed.* 

1650.  —  Jacob  Pergens  and  S.  Ryckaerts,  Directors  '  of  the 
West  India  Company,  in  reply  to  Stuyvesant's  letter,  state  :  "We 
will  make  use  of  the  first  opportunity  to  supply  you  with  a  well- 
instructed  schoolmaster,  and  shall  inform  ourselves  about  the 
person  living  at  Harlem,  whom  your  Honor  recommended.'' f 

The  Committee  of  the  States-General,  to  whom  the  remon- 
strance above  spoken  of  was  referred,  accorded,  in  1650,  a  Pro- 
visional Order  for  the  Government  of  New  Netherland,  in  which 
they  direct  that  three  new  ministers  shall  be  called  and  supported 
— one  for  Rensselaerswyck,  one  for  distant  parts  of  the  country, 
and  one  in  and  around  New  Amsterdam  —  and  the  youth  were  to 
be  instructed  by  good  schoolmasters.  We  accordingly  find  that 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Drisius  was  sent  out  to  assist  "that  worthy  old 
servant,  the  Rev.  Megapolensis. "  J 

In  the  same  year,  February  16,  Pergens  and  Ryckaerts  again 
write  to  the  Director-General,  and  say:  "We  appoint,  at  your 
request,  a  schoolmaster,  who  shall  also  act  as  Comforter  of  the 
Sick.  He  is  considered  an  honest  and  pious  man,  and  shall 
embark  the  first  opportunity.  "§ 

In  a  subsequent  letter,  April  15,  they  write:  "The  school- 
master that  had  been  sent  for  came  over  with  the  wife  of  Rev, 
Megapolensis,"  II  on  her  return  from  Holland  to  Manhattan, 
where  her  husband  had  been  induced  to  remain. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  anxious  to  promote  the  cause  of 
education  and  religion  in  New  Netherland,  now  (January  10) 
sent  out  William  Verstius,  "a  good,  God-fearing  man,"  as 
"  Ziekentrooster,"  or  Consoler  of  the  Sick,  and  Schoolmaster  at 
Manhattan.  \ 

In  1654  he  petitioned  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  for  an 
increase  of  salary.** 

1655.  —  January  26,  "William  Verstius,  Schoolmaster  and 
Chorister  in  this  city,  solicited  the  Council  by  a  petition,  as  he 
had  completed  his  service  ;  and  whereas  there  were  now  several 
persons  fully  competent  to  acquit  themselves  in  this  charge,  that 
he  might  be  favored  with  his  dismission,  and  permitted  to  return 
to  Holland  in  the  first  ship."     On  which  petition  was  given  the 

*  Brod.  N.  Y.,  i.  508.     f  Alb.  Rec,  iv.  17.     %  O'Call,  N.  N.,  ii.  134,  191. 

§  Alb.  Rec,  iv.  23.  \\  Ibid.,\\.  t,o.  IT  Brod.,  i.  516. 

*♦  Cor.  CI.  Am.,  1654. 


FROM    1633    TO    1664.  23 

apostil,  that  it  would  be  communicated  to  the  Consistory  and 
Ministers.*  His  request  was  granted  and  a  successor  appointed, 
as  appears  from  the  following  minute  : 

Whereas,  William  Verstius,  Chorister  and  Scholmaster  of  this  city,  liath 
several  times  earnestly  solicited  leave  to  depart  for  the  Fatherland,  so  is  his 
request  granted  him  ;  and  in  consequence  thereof  have  the  Noble  Lords  of  the 
Supreme  Council,  with  the  consent  of  the  respected  Consistory  of  this  city, 
appointed  Harmanus  Van  Hoboocken  as  Chorister  and  Schoolmaster  of  this 
city,  at_f.35  per  month,  and  ,i,^.  lOO  annual  expenditures  ;  who  promises  to  con- 
duct himself  industriously  and  faithfully,  pursuant  to  the  instructions  already 
given,  or  hereafter  to  be  given. 

Done  in  Am.  N.  Neth.  23  Ma/ch,  1655. 

(Signed)  NiCASius    De   Sille, 

La  Montagtte.\ 

The  appointment  of  Verstius  by  the  West  India  Company  ; 
his  office  as  Krank-besoecker  ;  his  petition  to  Classis  for  a  rise  of 
salary,  and  his  formal  dismissal  by  the  Council,  denote  him  as 
the  (fourth)  teacher  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  School. | 

1652. — The  Vertoogh  of  1649  having  eventuated  in  a  pro- 
visional Order  of  Government  for  New  Netherland,  and  to  the 
consequent  adoption  of  such  measures  as  were  deemed  essential 
to  the  promotion  of  its  best  interests  ;  and  as  among  these  was 
reckoned  the  advancement  of  religion  and  education,  the  vacant 
churches  were  supplied  with  ministers,  and  a  second  public 
school  established,  in  accordance  with  the  desire  of  the  remon- 
strants, that  "  at  least /^(9  good  schoolmasters  maybe  provided, 
so  that  the  youth  may  be  instructed  and  trained,  not  only  in 
rea'ding  and  writing,  but  also  in  the  knowledge  and  fear  of  the 
Lord."§ 

A  seeming  necessity  existed  for  this,  in  the  fact  that  New 
Amsterdam  contained  at  that  time  a  population  of  seven  or  eight 
hundred  souls  ;  ||  and,  as  the  result  of  correspondence  between 
the  Director-General  and  the  Company,  as  to  the  selection  of  a 
teacher,  and  a  suitable  place  for  holding  the  school,  the  Directors 
of  the  West  India  Company,  April  4,  1652,  wrote  to  Stuyvesant  : 

*  Alb.  Rec,  X.  6.  f  Alb.  Rec,  x.  29,  30  ;  xx.  4,  133. 

X  There  were  others  in  the  city  at  this  time  engaged  in  teaching  private 
schools.  These  were  licensed  by  the  Council  ;  and  in  consequence  of 
the  connection  lietween  the  Church  and  Government,  its  sanction  was 
necessary.  On  the  application  of  Andries  Hudde  for  a  license  to  keep 
school,  the  Director  and  Council  informed  him  that  they  would  first  ask  the 
opinion  of  the  Ministers  and  the  Consistory.  One  Jacob  Van  Corler  having 
arrogated  to  himself  to  keep  school,  is  directed  to  apply  for  a  license,  which  he 
did  repeatedly,  and  finally  received  as  answer,  '■'■  Nihil  actumy  Pennission 
was  granted  by  the  Council  for  Jan  Lubherts  to  teach  reading,  writing  and 
arithmetic,  "provided  he  conducted  himself  as  such  a  person  ought  to  do." 
and  so  of  others.     Alb.  Rec,  ix.  304.     N.  Am.  Rec. 

§  Ante,  p.  21.  II   Bred.  N.  Y.,  i.  548. 


24  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

"  We  recommend  to  you  Jan  De  La  Montagne,  whom  we  have 
provisionally  favored  with  the  appointment.  Your  Honor  may 
appropriate  the  City  Tavern  for  this  purpose,  if  this  is  practicable." 
A  few  weeks  subsequently,  they  wrote  to  the  Director  and  Coun- 
cil :  "John  Montagne  is  appointed  schoolmaster,  with  a  salary 
of  250  guilders."* 

Under  the  head  of  "Churches  and  Clergymen,"  which 
sufficiently  identifies  the  school  with  the  Church,  we  find  the 
following  :  "  On  the  petition  of  John  Morice  De  La  Montagne, 
the  Director-General  and  Council  command  the  Comptroller  to 
pay  the  supplicant  three  or  four  months  of  his  wages,  "f 

*  Alb.  Rec,  iv.  68.  The  City  Tavern,  subsequently  named  the  Stadt  Huys 
or  City  Hall,  stood  on  the  corner  of  Pearl  Street  and  Coenties  Alley.  This 
spot  was  occupied  in  1775  by  Brinckerhoff  &  Van  Wyck  ;  in  1806  by  Abraham 
Brinckerhoff,  and  in  1825  by  his  heirs.  Moulton,  i.  27.  The  present  site  is 
known  as  71  and  73  Pearl  Street.  For  view  and  description  of  this  ancient 
edifice,  vide  Val.  Man.  Com.  Coun.,  1852,  pp.  378,  403. 

t  Alb.  Rec,  vi.  49.  While  Montagne,  as  an  official  schoolmaster,  was 
remunerated  from  the  Government  funds,  we  have  Joost  Carelse,  Adriaen  Van 
Ilpendam,  and  others,  instituting  law-suits  against  individuals,  for  the  payment 
of  tuition  in  beavers  and  shillings.  — Alb.  Rec,  x.     N.  Am.  Rec. 

The  following  reminiscences,  illustrative  of  things  as  they  were,  are  deemed 
worthy  of  insertion.  The  quaint  and  elliptical  language  in  which  the  latter  is 
given,  is  characteristic  of  the  author.  Judge  Benson.  In  his  memoir,  read 
before  the  New  York  Historical  Society  in  1816,  speaking  of  John  De  La 
Montagne,  ordinarily  pronounced,  Jan  Montagne,  sexton  of  the  old  Dutch 
church  in  Garden  Street,  he  says  :  "I  saw  him  at  the  house  of  my  parents  ; 
I  in  my  earliest  youth,  he  approaching  to  fourscore.  He  was  on  his  way  to 
collect  the  Dominie's  gelt  ;  for  the  Dutch  always  took  care  the  stipend  to  the 
minister  should  be  competent,  that  so  he  never  might  be  straitened  '  to  desire  a 
gift. '  He  told  me  his  father  and  grandfather  before  him  (the  names  of  all  these 
individuals  may  be  found  in  the  old  Directories),  the  latter  probably  the  same 
as  mentioned  in  the  records,  '  Jan  De  La  Montagne,  Schoolmaster,  with  250 
guilders  salary,'  had  been  the  sexton  of  the  congregation  ;  so  that,  as  I  have  it 
from  the  relation  of  others,  the  successive  incumbents,  having  been  as  well  of  the 
same  Christian  as  surname,  the  name  had,  as  it  were,  become  the  name  of 
the  office,  like  Den  Keyser,  the  Csesar,  the  Emperor  ;  and,  accordingly,  when 
the  English,  having  built  a  church,  had  also  a  sexton,  the  Dutch  children,  and 
not  impossible  some  adults,  called  him,  '  De  Engelishe  Jan  Montagne.'  He 
told  me  his  grandfather  was  the  sexton  when  the  church  was  within  the  fort. 
On  his  (the  third  Jan's)  death,  the  Consistory  appointed  his  son  Jan,  who 
remained  sexton  till  the  dispersion  of  the  congregation  on  the  invasion  of  the 
city,  1776." 

The  Judge  records  also  the  following  :  "  There  was  a  day  always  kept 
here  by  the  Dutch,  and  the  keeping  of  it  delegated  by  the  mothers  to  their 
daughters,  still  at  school.  Vrouwen  Dagh,  Woman's  Day  ;  the  same  with  the 
^'alentine's  Day  of  the  English,  and  although  differently,  still,  perhaps,  not  less 
salutarily  kept.  Every  mother's  daughter,  furnished  with  a  piece  of  cord,  the 
size  neither  too  large  nor  too  small  ;  the  twist  neither  loo  hard  nor  too  loose  ; 
a  turn  round  the  hand,  and  then  a  sufficient  length  left  to  serve  as  a  lash  ;  not 
fair  to  have  a  knot  at  the  end  of  it,  but  fair  to  practice  for  a  few  days  to  acquire 
the  sleight ;  the  law  held  otherwise,  duelling.  On  the  morning  of  the  day, 
the  youngster  never  venturing  to  turn  a  comer  without  first  listening  whether 


FROM     1633    TO     1664.  25 

The  fact  that  this  second  school  was  commenced  and  carried 
on  for  a  brief  period  is  clearly  established  ;  but  the  absence  of 
any  subsequent  reference  to  it,  leads  to  the  strong  inference  that 
its  existence  was  of  short  duration.  The  principal  school,  how- 
ever, was  uninterruptedly  conducted  by  Verstius,  from  1650 
to  1655. 

In  1653,  New  Amsterdam  was  incorporated  with  municipal 
privileges  ;  and  a  court  of  justice,  similar  to  that  of  Amsterdam 
in  Holland,  consisting  of  a  schout,  burgomasters  and  schepens 
was  instituted.  Director  Stuyvesant  relinquished  to  the  burgo- 
masters the  excise  license*  on  condition  that  they  paid  out  of  it 
the  salaries  of  the  Ecclesiastique,  to  wit  :  one  of  the  ministers 
(Megapolensis  or  Drisius),  one  precentor,  beadle,  or  schoolmaster, 
and  one  dog-whipper,  now  called  sexton  ;  and  of  the  Polity,  to 
wit :  the  Schout,  both  the  Burgomasters,  the  five  Schepens,  the 
Secretary,  and  the  Court  Messenger,  f 

1654. — The  following  year,  1654,  the  Director  and  Council 
re-claimed  the  excise,  "inasmuch  as  the  burgomasters  had  failed 
to  pay  the  clergyman  and  schoolmaster  or  beadle.  "J 

This  presents  another  valid  proof  of  the  connection  existing 
between  the  school  and  the  Church.  "The  schoolmaster  was 
always,  ex-officio,  clerk  or  beadle,  chorister,  and  visitor  of  the 
sick."§ 

1655-56. — We  have  recorded  the  supersedure  of  Verstius  in 

1655,  by   Harmanus  Van    Hoboocken.     The   following  spring, 

1656,  the  first  survey  of  the  city  was  made,  and  it  was  ascertained 
to  possess  120  houses  and  1,000  souls;  and  "the  number  of 
children  at  the  public  school  having  greatly  increased,  further 
accommodation  was  allowed  to  Van  Hoboocken,  the  school- 
no  warblers  were  behind  it,  no  golden  apples  to  divert  him  from  the  direct 
course  in  this  race.  Schoolboy  Hippomenes  espied,  pursued  by  Charmer 
Atalanta  ;  he,  encumbered  witli  his  satchel,  still  striving  to  outrun,  and,  to  add 
to  his  speed,  bending  forward,  thereby  giving  the  requisite  roundness  to  the 
space  l>etween  the  shoulders  ;  she,  too  swift  afoot  for  him,  and  overtaking  liim, 
and  three  or  four  strokes  briskly  and  smartly  laid  on  ;  he,  to  avoid  a  further 
repetition,  stoppini^  and  turning  ;  she,  looking  him  steadfast  in  the  eye,  and 
perceiving  it  required  all  the  man  in  liim  to  keep  back  the  tear  ;  not  all 
the  fruit  in  all  the  orchards  of  the  Hesperides,  and  in  their  best  l)earing  year,  to 
compensate  for  the  exultation  of  the  little  heart  for  the  moment. 

"  The  boys  requested  the  next  day  should  be  theirs,  and  be  called  Mannen 
Dagh,  Mutt's  Day  ;  but  my  masters  were  told,  the  law  would  thereby  defeat 
its  own  very  purpose,  which  was,  that  they  should,  at  an  age  and  in  a  way 
most  likely  never  to  forget  it,  receive  the  lesson  of  manliness,  he  is  nez<er  to 
STRIKE." 

This  privilege  has  l^een  neglected  for  such  a  length  of  time  that  perhaps  it 
is  never  again  to  be  recovered. — Ben.  Mem.,  41. 

*  This  was  the  first  revenue  in  the  treasury  of  New  Amsterdam.  — 
Paulding,  34.     t  Val.  Man.  Com.  Coun.,  1848,  p.  377.    O'Call.  N.  N.,  ii.  269. 

X  O'Call.,  ii.  270.  |§  Watson's  Annals,  166. 

C2 


26  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

master."*     His  school-house  having  been  burned  partly  down, 
he  addressed  the  following  application  to  the  city  magistrates  : 

"  To  the  Heeren  Burgomasters  and  Schepens  of  the  City  of  Neiv  Amsterdam  : 
"  The  reverential  request  of  Harmanus  Van  Hoboocken,  schoolmaster  of 
this  city,  is,  that  he  may  be  allowed  the  use  of  the  hall  and  side -chamber  of 
the  City  Hall,  for  the  use  of  his  school  and  as  a  residence  for  his  family,  inas- 
much as  he,  petitioner,  has  no  place  to  keep  school  in,  or  to  live  in  during  the 
winter,  it  being  necessary  that  the  rooms  should  be  made  warm,  which  cannot 
be  done  in  his  own  house,  from  its  unfitness.  The  petitioner  further  repre- 
sents that  he  is  burthened  with  a  wife  and  children,  ....  so  that  he  is 
much  at  a  loss  how  to  make  accommodation  for  his  family  and  school-children. 
The  petitioner,  therefore,  asks  that  he  may  use  the  chamber  wherein  Gouert 
Coerten  at  present  dwells.     Expecting  a  favorable  answer. 

Harm.  Van  Hoboocken. f 

The  reply  of  the  burgomasters  to  this  petition  was  as  follows  : 

Whereas  the  room  which  petitioner  asks  for  his  use  as  a  dwelling  and 
school-room  is  out  of  repair,  and  moreover  is  wanted  for  other  uses,  it  cannot 
be  allowed  to  him.  But,  as  the  town  youth  are  doing  so  uncommon  well  now,  it 
is  thought  proper  to  find  a  convenient  place  for  their  accommodation,  and,  for 
that  purpose  petitioner  is  granted  one  hundred  guilders  yearly. 
4th  Sept.,  i656.t 

The  burning  of  the  school-house,  while  the  youth  were 
"doing  so  uncommon  well,"  led  to  the  revival  of  the  question 
of  procuring  a  suitable  edifice  ;  and  the  magistrates  of  the  city, 
writing  the  7th  of  the  following  November  to  the  West  India 
Company,  "assert  that  the  only  revenue  to  the  city  was  that 
arising  from  the  excise  of  wines  and  beers,  and  that  this  was 
needed  for  immediate  expenses  in  repairing  the  city  wall,  the 
Schoeyinge,  the  City  Hall,  the  watch  apartments,  the  building  of 
the  school-house,  and  for  several  other  improvements,  and  ask 
thereon  the  advice  of  the  Company.  "§  It  is  not  known  what 
answer  was  returned  to  this  application,  but  one  thing  is  certain  : 
the  condition  of  the  city  finances  was  such,  ' '  the  old  debt  made  in 
the  time  of  the  English  troubles  being  yet  unliquidated,"  that  the 
school-house  was  not  built. 

During  the  winter  of  1658-59,  the  colony  at  New  Amstel,  on 
the  Delaware,  experienced  great  distress.  The  crops  having 
failed,  famine  and  epidemic  fever,  induced  by  the  nature  of  the 
soil,  nearly  decimated  the  population.  Among  those  who  fell 
victims  to  the  prevailing  disease,  were  the  surgeon,  the  com- 
missary, the  Director's  wife,  and  six  of  his  household,  and  the 
good  Dominie  Welius.     The  Director  himself  died  also.     In  the 

*  O'Call.,  ii.  540.     Brod.,  i.  623.  f  Paulding,  N.  Am.  40. 

X  Paulding,  N.  Am,  41. 

§  Paulding,  N.  Am.  41.  It  was  in  this  year  that  streets  were  first  regulated. 
The  first  tax  list  was  made  out  in  1655,  to  defray  the  expense  of  fortifying 
the  city. 


FROM    1633    TO    1664.  27 

midst  of  these  calamities,  information  was  received  from  Mary- 
land that  Lord  Baltimore  was  about  to  extend  his  jurisdiction 
over  their  territor}'.  This  added  to  the  consternation,  and  many 
of  the  settlers  sought  safety  elsewhere,  so  that  in  a  few  months, 
famine,  sickness  and  desertion  had  reduced  the  population  from 
over  600  persons  to  less  than  thirty  families.*  Several  of  those 
who  left  the  colony  came  to  New  Amsterdam,  and  among  them 
was  Evert  Pietersen,  who  from  the  first  had  been  their  school- 
master (p.  14).  Here  he  was  employed  by  the  Director-General 
either  as  a  colleague  with  Van  Hoboocken,  or  as  his  locum  tenens, 
while  he  was  disqualified  from  teaching  by  sickness. 

The  period  of  Pietersen's  engagement  is  not  definitely  known  ; 
but  on  his  return  to  Holland  he  petitioned  the  West  India  Com- 
pany for  a  permanent  engagement,  the  Director-General  and 
magistrates  recommending  his  re-appointment. 

The  Directors  of  the  Company  wrote  to  Stuyvesant  (1660), 
"We  will  consider  the  petition  of  Mr.  Evert  Pietersen,  late 
schoolmaster  and  chorister  in  the  colony  of  the  city,  to  be  em- 
ployed again  in  the  Company's  service,  and  return  thither  with 
his  wife,  and  inquire  about  his  character,  conduct,  and  abilities, 
when  we  shall  communicate  the  result  to  your  honor,  "f 

Subsequently,  the  following  letter,  dated  May,  1661,  was 
received  by  Governor  Stuyvesant : 

The  Directors  of  the  West  India  Company,  department  of  Amsterdam,  to  the 
honorable,  prudent,  beloved,  trusty  Fetrtis  Stuyvesant,  Director -General 
and  Council,  make  known  : 

Whereas  we  have  deemed  it  necessary  to  promote  religious  worship,  and  to 
read  to  the  inhabitants  the  Word  of  God,  to  exhort  them,  to  lead  them  in  the 
ways  of  the  Lord,  and  console  the  sick,  that  an  expert  person  was  sent  to  New 
Netherland  in  the  city  of  New  Amsterdam,  who  at  the  same  time  should  act 
there  as  Chorister  and  Schoolmaster ;  so  is  it,  that  we,  upon  the  good  report 
which  we  have  received  alx)ut  the  person  of  Evert  Pietersen,  and  confiding 
in  his  abilities  and  experience  in  tlie  aforesaid  services,  together  on  his  pious 
character  and  virtues,  have,  on  your  Honor's  recommendation,  and  that  of  the 
magistrates  of  the  city  of  New  Amsterdam,  appointed  the  aforesaid  person  as 
Consoler  of  the  Sick,  Chorister  -xwA  Schoolmaster  ^\.  New  Amsterdam  in  New 
Netherlands,  which  charge  he  shall  fulfil  there,  and  conduct  himself  in  these 
with  all  diligence  and  faithfulness  ;  so  as  we  expect  that  he  shall  give  others 
a  good  example,  so  as  it  becomes  a  pious  and  good  Consoler,  Clerk,  Chorister 
and  Schoolmaster;  regulating  himself  in  conformity  to  the  instructions  which 
he  received  herefrom  the  Consistory,  and  principally  to  the  instructions  which 
he  received  from  us,  which  he  shall  execute  in  every  point  faithfully  ;  where- 
fore, we  command  all  persons,  without  distinction,  to  acknowledge  the  afore- 
said Evert  Pieterson  as  Consoler,  Clerk,  Chorister  and  Schoolmaster  in 
New  Amsterdam  in  New  Netherlands,  and  not  to  molest,  disturb  or  ridicule 
him  in  any  of  these  offices,  but  rather  to  offer  him  every  assistance   in   their 

*  O'Call.  N.  N.,  ii.  374-388.     Brod.  N.  Y.,  652  et passim. 
t  Alb.  Rec,  iv.  364. 


28  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

power,  and  deliver  him  from  every  painful  sensation,  by  which  the  will  of  the 
Lord  and  our  good  intentions  shall  be  accomplished. 

Done  by  the  Department  of  Amsterdam,  on  the  2d  of  May,  XVF  and 
sixty-one. 

(Signed),  Abram  Wilmerdoncx. 

By  order  of  him, 

LOWER   STOOD.  C.    VaN    SeVENTER.* 

In  a  few  days  another  letter  from  the  same  source,  dated 
May  9,  1 66 1,  was  received,  in  which  Pietersen's  salary  is  fixed, 
and  instructions  given  with  respect  to  the  books  he  would  need 
as  Krank-besoecker. 

Honorable,  prudent,  beloved  Trustees  : 

Our  last  was  of  the  nth  of  April,  by  the  way  of  Cura^oa,  of  which  we  now 
have  enclosed  the  duplicate  ;  since  which  period  nothing  has  occurred  here  of 
consequence — i.  e.,  which  deserves  to  be  mentioned — as  only,  that  we  have 
engaged,  on  your  Honor's  recommendation  and  that  of  the  magistrates  of  the 
city  of  New  Amsterdam,  Mr'  Evert  Pietersen  as  schoolmaster  and  clerk,  upon 
a  salary  of  ^.36  per  month  [$15],  and  ^.125  [$52  -f-]  annually  for  his  board, 
who  is  now  embarked  in  the  ship  the  Gilded  Beaver,\  but  not  with  his  wife, 
whose  indisposition,  as  he  said,  prevented  her  departure.  And  whereas  he 
solicited  to  be  supplied  with  some  books  and  stationery,  which  would  be  of 
service  to  him  in  that  station,  so  did  we  resolve  to  send  you  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  these  articles,  as  your  honor  may  see  from  the  invoice.  Your  honor  ought  not 
to  place  all  these  at  his  disposal  at  once,  but  from  lime  to  time,  when  he  may 
be  in  want  of  these,  when  his  account  ought  directly  to  be  charged  with  its 
amount ;  so,  too,  he  must  be  charged  witli  all  such  books  of  which  he  may  be 
in  want  as  a  consoler  of  the  sick,  which  he  might  have  obtained  from  your 
Honor,  which  afterwards  might  be  reimbursed  to'  him,  whenever  he,  ceasing 
to  serve  in  that  capacity,  might  return  these  ;  all  this  must  be  valued  at  the 
invoice  price. J 

This  correspondence  establishes  Evert  Pietersen  as  the  seventh 
schoolmaster  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  school. 

1660-1661.  —  Governor  Stuyvesant's  mansion  §  was  erected 
on  a  large  "  bouwery  "  which  the  Director-General  purchased  in 
or  previous  to  the  year  1649.  Settlers  gradually  located  in  this 
vicinity,  and  the  plantation,  or  the  "bouwery,"  became  a  sort  of 
"stopping-place  and  the  pleasure-ground  of  the  Manhattans." 
In  the  year  1660,  arrangements  were  made  for  conducting  divine 
service  here  under  the  following  circumstances :  Dominie  Selyns 
was  this  year  installed  as  the  first  clergyman  of  the  church  in 
Brooklyn,  which  consisted  of  24  members  ;  the  population  of 
the  village  being  134  persons.  The  bounds  of  the  Dominie's 
charge  included  "the  Ferry,  the  Waal-bogt,  and  Gujanes."   "As 

*  Alb.  Rec,  viii.  321,     f  Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  iii.  58.       J  Alb.  Rec,  iv.  373. 

§  This  building  stood  east  of  the  Third  Avenue,  between  Twelfth  and 
Thirteenth  streets.  The  exact  situation  of  Stuyvesant's  estate  may  be  found 
on  a  map  obtained  from  Cornelius  De  Witt,  Esq.,  Val.  Man.  Com.  Coun., 
1852,  462.  The  "  old  pear  tree  "  stood  at  the  junction  of  Thirteenth  street 
and  the  Third  Avenue,  near  the  Governor's  dwelling.  It  was  imported  from 
Holland  by  Sluyvesant,  1647  (Lossing,  ii.  784),  destroyed,  1867. 


FROM    1633    TO    1664.  29 

the  people  there  were  unable  of  themselves  to  pay  his  salary,  they 
petitioned  the  Council  for  assistance,  and  Stuyvesant  individually 
agreed  to  contribute  two  hundred  and  fifty  guilders,  provided 
Dominie  Selyns  would  preach  a  sermon  on  Sunday  afternoons  at 
the  Director's  bouwery,  on  the  island  of  Manhattan.  To  this 
arrangement  the  Dominie  assented."  "Thither  the  people  came 
also  from  the  city  for  evening  service."  * 

The  establishment  of  church  service  at  the  bouwery,  and  the 
remote  distance  which  the  children  in  its  vicinity  were  from 
Pietersen's  school,  at  the  lower  extremity  of  the  island,  rendered 
it  necessary  to  procure  a  chorister  and  schoolmaster.  Accord- 
ingly, we  find  the  following  : 

"Order  in  Council. — Present,  the  Director-General,  Petrus 
Stuyvesant  and  the  Hon.  Johan  de  Decker. 

' '  Whereas,  Harf?ian  Vati  Hoboocken,  before  schoolmaster  and 
chorister,  was  removed  because  another  was  sent  to  replace  him 
[Pietersen]  by  the  Lords  Directors  and  the  Consistory,  solicits  to 
be  employed  again  in  one  or  other  manner  in  the  Company's 
service,  so  is  he  engaged  as  Adelborst  [signifying  a  sergeant,  or 
something  above  a  common  soldier],  and  allowed  10  guilders  per 
month,  and  g.  175  for  board  from  27th  Oct.,  1661. 

"  Nota  :  Whereas  the  aforesaid  Harman  is  a  person  of  irre- 
proachable life  and  conduct,  so  shall  he  be  employed  on  the 
bouwery  of  the  Director -General  as  schoolmaster  and  clerk 
[Voorleeser],  with  this  condition,  that  the  Director-General, 
whenever  his  service  might  be  wanted  for  the  Company,  as  Adel- 
borst, shall  replace  him  by  another  expert  person,  "f  So  that 
from  this  date,  until  after  the  capitulation,  there  were  two  schools 
under  the  care  of  the  Consistor}'  —  Pietersen's,  at  or  near  Fort 
Amsterdam,  and  Van  Hoboocken's,  on  the  Bouwery.  "The 
Church  at  New  Amsterdam  was  now  in  a  flourishing  condition 
under  the  administration  of  Megapolensis  and  Drisius. ''| 

The  year  following,  1662,  the  burgomasters  petitioned  the 
"noble,  great  and  respectful  Director-General  and  Council  in 
New  Netherland,"  to  grant  a  lot  of  ground  in  Brewer  Street  §  (in 
the  vicinity  of  Whitehall  and  Stone  streets),  opposite  the  lot  of 
Johannes  de  Peyster,  for  a  school-house,  and  also  a  lot  outside 

•Brod.,  680,  681. 

t  Alb.  Rcc,  xix.  383.  Governor  Fish,  in  a  letter  to  the  author,  writes  :  "I 
have  an  impression,  although  it  is  but  vai^ue  and  indefinite,  that  Mr.  Stuyvesant 
pointed  out  to  nie  the  location  of  the  old  school-house,  as  situate  on  what  now 
is  the  site  of  Tompkins  Market,  about  the  corner  of  Sixth  Street  and  Hall 
Place."  It  is  well  known  that  Oovernor  Stuyvesant  provided  for  the  education 
of  the  colored  persons  on  his  extensive  bouwery,  and  it  is  highly  probable  that 
Van  Hoboocken  had  them  under  his  instruction.  |  Brod.,  681. 

§  Here  were  several  breweries.  This  was  the  first  street  regulated  and 
paved  in  New  Amsterdam  ;  hence  its  ]ire.sent  name,  Stone  Street. 


30  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

the  gates  for  a  burying-ground  ;  and  the  Director-General  and 
Council  "deem  it,  for  various  reasons,  more  proper  that  the 
school-house  was  constructed  on  a  part  of  the  present  church- 
yard, "  *  i.  e. ,  within  the  fort. 

There  is  no  evidence  to  support  the  conclusion  that  the 
school-house  was  built  as  contemplated. 

1664. — In  1664  Evert  Pietersen  still  remained  as  the  school- 
master ;f  and  on  the  17th  day  of  March  the  Director-General 
and  Council  issued  an  edict,  requiring  the  practice  of  a  custom 
long  known  in  the  Fatherland,  and  productive  of  good  wherever 
conformed  to,  but  which,  at  the  present  day,  with  us,  has  grown 
into  sad  desuetude  ;  to  wit,  "the  public  catechising  of  the  chil- 
dren." In  view  of  the  beneficial  results  accruing  from  it,  both 
to  the  children  and  the  Church,  the  immediate  revival  of  this 
good  custom  is  greatly  to  be  desired. 

The  first  civil  ordinance  in  New  Amsterdam  enjoining\  this 
practice  was  as  follows  ;  and  it  speaks  creditably  of  the  youth- 
loving  and  God-loving  hearts  of  its  authors  : 

"  Whereas,  it  is  highly  necessary  and  of  great  consequence  that 
the  youth,  from  their  childhood,  is  well  instructed  in  reading,  writ- 
ing and  arithmetic,  and  principally  in  the  principles  and  funda- 
ments of  the  Christian  religion,  in  conformity  to  the  lesson  of 
that  wise  King  Solomon,  '  Learn  the  youth  the  first  principles,  and 
as  he  grows  old,  he  shall  then  not  deviate  from  it ;'  so  that  in  time 
such  men  may  arise  from  it,  who  may  be  able  to  serve  their 
country  in  Church  or  in  State  ;  which  being  seriously  considered 
by  the  Director-General  and  Council  in  New  Netherland,  as  the 
number  of  children  by  God's  merciful  blessing  has  considerably 
increased,  they  have  deemed  it  necessary,  so  that  such  an  useful 
and  to  our  [us]  God  agreeable  concern  may  be  more  effectually 
promoted,  to  recommend  the  present  schoolmaster,  and  to  com- 
mand him,  so  as  it  is  done  by  this,  that  they  [Pietersen,  the 
Principal,  and  Van  Hoboocken,  of  the  branch  school  on  the 
Bouwery]  on  Wednesday,  before  the  beginning  of  the  sermon, 
with  the  children  intrusted  to  their  care,  shall  appear  in  the 
church  to  examine,  after  the  close  of  the  sermon,  each  of  them 
his  own  scholars,  in  the  presence  of  the  reverend  ministers  and 
elders  who  may  there  be  present,  what  they,  in  the  course  of  the 
week,  do  remember  of  the  Christian  commands  and  catechism, 
and  what  progress  they  have  made  ;  after  which  the  children 
shall  be  allowed  a  decent  recreation. 

"Done  in  Amsterdam,  New  Netherland,  this  17th  March, 
1664,  by  the  Director-General  and  Council."  § 

*  Alb.  Rec,  XX.  39,  40.  f  N.  Am.  Rec,  v.  428. 

X  The  custom,  introduced  from  the  Fatherland,  had  previously  obtained  in 
New  Netherland.  §  Alb.  Rec,  xxii.  100. 


FROM    1633    TO    1664.  31 

Five  days  previous,  an  event  transpired  in  England  which 
was  soon  to  issue  in  a  change  in  the  name,  government  and 
destiny  of  New  Amsterdam,  "which  now  contained  a  population 
of  1,500  souls  and  wore  an  air  of  great  prosperity."  notwith- 
standing the  sad  reverses  it  had  experienced.  *3n  the  12th  of 
March  Charles  II.  granted  to  his  brother,  James,  Duke  of  York, 
and  Albany,  the  territory  lying  between  the  Connecticut  and 
Delaware  rivers,  including  all  the  possessions  of  New  Nether- 
land. 

In  August  following,  the  Duke's  squadron,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  Richard  Nicolls,  consisting  of  four  ships  carry- 
ing 94  guns  and  450  soldiers,  was  off  New  Amsterdam,  opposite 
to  which,  just  below  Brooklyn,  was  an  encampment  of  volunteers 
from  New  England  and  the  Long  Island  villages.  To  resist  this 
force,  the  city  was  wholly  unprepared  ;  for  although  the  fort 
mounted  24  guns,  its  single  wall  of  earth  rendered  it  by  no  means 
invulnerable.  It  was  garrisoned  by  only  1 50  soldiers  ;  and  though 
there  were  250  of  the  citizens  able  to  bear  arms,  they  were  not 
disposed  to  hazard  their  lives  in  a  vain  resistance.  Moreover, 
"there  was  scarcely  si.x  hundred  pounds  of  serviceable  powder  in 
store."  Upon  the  faith  of  Nicolls'  promise  to  deliver  back  the 
city  and  fort,  "  in  case  the  difference  of  the  limits  of  this  province 
be  agreed  upon  betwixt  His  Majesty  of  England  and  the  high 
and  mighty  States  General,"  Stuyvesant  consented  to  capitulate 
upon  terms  which  had  been  mutually  agreed  upon  by  commis- 
sioners ;  and  on  the  morning  of  the  8th  day  of  September  the 
Director-General,  at  the  head  of  the  garrison,  having  marched 
out  of  Fort  Amsterdam  with  all  the  honors  of  war,  the  British 
took  possession  of  the  city.  The  name  of  Fort  Amsterdam  was 
immediately  changed  to  Fort  James.  And  though  New  Amster- 
dam became  New  York,  in  name,  the  ascendancy  of  the  Dutch 
in  numbers  and  character  did  not  fail  to  perpetuate  that  influence 
which  they  had  originally  imparted  :  so  that  even  now,  after  a  period 
of  more  than  two  hundred  years,  notwithstanding  the  vicissitudes 
which  the  city  has  experienced,  and  the  present  heterogeneous 
character  of  its  population,  there  is  not  wanting  abundant  and 
gratifying  evidence  of  the  early  presence  here  of  those  who 
brought  with  them  "the  liberal  ideas,  and  honest  maxims,  and 
homely  virtues  of  their  Fatherland  ;  who  carried  along  with  them 
their  huge  clasped  Bibles,  and  left  them  heir-looms  in  their 
families  ;  who  introduced  their  Church  and  their  schools,  their 
dominies  and  their  schoolmasters."  * 

*  Brod.,  chap.  w.  passim. 


32  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

RECAPITULATION. 

At  the  close  of  Stuyvesant's  administration,  in  consequence 
of  charter  provisions  and  the  efforts  of  the  clergy,  "schools 
existed  in  almost  every  town  and  village  "  *  in  New  Netherland  ; 
of  this  the  records  furnish  abundant  evidence.  The  whole  sys- 
tem was  but  a  counterpart  of  that  to  which  the  settlers  had  been 
accustomed  in  their  native  land.  •  From  the  material  furnished 
in  this  chapter,  it  is  evident  that  education  received  a  considerable 
degree  of  attention  in  New  Amsterdam  ;  and  that  there  was 
a  public  school  therein,  dispensing  education  gratuitously,  the  teachers 
receiving  their  appointment  a7id  remuneration  from  the  constituted 
authorities,  is  undoubtedly  established.  The  following  is  a  sum- 
mary of  facts  connected  therewith  : 

Adam  Roelantsen,  first  schoolmaster,  1 633-1 639. 

Efforts  made  by  commonalty  to  procure  suitable  accommoda- 
tions for  the  school,  1642,  1647,  1652,  1656,  1662. 

Jan  Stevensen,  second  schoolmaster,  1639-1648. 

Jan  Cornelissen,  third  schoolmaster,  1648-1650. 

William  Verstius,  fourth  schoolmaster  and  Kranck-besoecker, 
1650-1655. 

Jan  Morice  De  La  Montagne,  fifth  schoolmaster  ;  in  City 
Tavern,  165 2- 1664  (.'). 

Harmanus  Van  Hoboocken,  successor  to  Verstius,  sixth 
schoolmaster,  1655-1664. 

Evert  Pietersen  Keteltas, seventh  schoolmaster,  1661-1687  (.''). f 

Introduction  of  catechetical  exposition  to  schools  of  the  two 
last-named  schoolmasters — 1664. 

Other  Facts  Connected  with  Education  in  New  Amsterdam 
During  the  Period  of  this  Chapter. 

Previous  to  1664,  the  persons  who  had  been  engaged  in  teach- 
ing school  on  their  own  account,  under  license  from  the  conjoined 
civic  and  ecclesiastical  authorities,  were  —  Adriaen  Jansen  van 
Ilpendam,  1645-1660  ;  David  Provoost,  1647  ;  Joost  Carelse, 
1649  ;  Hans  Steyn,  1652  ;  Andries  Hudde,  1654  ;  Jacobus  van 
Corlear,  1657  ;    Jan  Lubbertsen,    1658  ;    Jan  Juriaense  Beeker, 

*0'Call.  N.  N.,  ii.  546. 

t  Oct.  2,  1661,  "Evert  Pietersen  Keteltas,  Voorleeser  and  Schoolmaster," 
united  with  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  this  city,  by  certificate  from 
the  church  at  New  Amstel,  whence  he  came  to  New  Amsterdam,  June  16, 
1669,  being  a  widower,  he  was  married  to  Hillegond  loris,  a  widow.  Rec. 
Coll.  Ch. 

In  1674  he  was  residing  in  Stone  Street,  and  his  estate  was  assessed  at 
Jl2,ooo.     N.  Y.  Colon.  MSS.,  ii.  699. 

The  names  of  all  these  schoolmasters  are  found  enrolled  as  members  of 
the  Dutch  Church  ;  also  the  private  schoolmasters.      Vide,  p.  21. 


FROM     1633    TO     1664.  33 

1660-1663  (?)  ;    Frans  Classen,    1660;    Johannes  Van  Gelder, 
1662. * 

In  addition  to  the  means  of  education  thus  afforded  by  the 
free  church  schools,   and  those  taught  privately,   many  of  the 
inhabitants  desired  the  establishment  of  an  Academy,  Latin  or 
High  School. 

Dominie  Drisius,  when  appointed  as  colleague  with  Megapo- 
lensis,  in  1652,  had  called  the  attention  of  the  West  India  Com- 
pany to  this  subject ;  and  it  is  highly  probable  that  the  abortive 
attempt  of  Montague,  at  the  City  Tavern,  was  the  result. 

"The  foundation  of  the  first  academy  and  classical  school  in 
the  city  was  based  upon  the  following  representation,  which  was 
transmitted  to  Holland,  19th  September,  1658,  as  part  of  a 
petition  of  the  burgomasters  and  schepens  to  the  West  India 
Company. 

"It  is  represented  that  the  youth  of  this  place  and  neighbor- 
hood are  increasing  in  number  gradually,  and  that  most  of  them 
can  read  and  write  ;  but  that  some  of  the  citizens  and  inhabitants 
would  like  to  send  their  children  to  a  school,  the  Principal  of 
which  understands  Latin,  but  are  not  able  to  do  so  without  send- 
ing them  to  New  England  ;  furthermore,  they  have  not  the 
means  to  hire  a  Latin  schoolmaster,  expressly  for  themselves, 
from  New  England,  and  therefore  they  ask  that  the  West  India 
Company  will  send  out  a  fit  person  as  Latin  schoolmaster,  not 
doubting  that  the  number  of  persons  who  will  send  their  children 
to  such  teacher  will  from  year  to  year  increase,  until  an  academy 
shall  be  formed,  whereby  this  place  to  great  splendor  will  have 
attained,  for  which,  next  to  God,  the  Honorable  Company  which 
shall  have  sent  such  teacher  here  shall  have  laud  and  praise.  For 
our  own  part,  we  shall  endeavor  to  find  a  fit  place  in  which  the 
schoolmaster  shall  hold  his  school,  "f 

In  compliance  with  this  petition,  the  West  India  Company 
sent  out  Dr.  Alexander  Carolus  Curtius,  a  Latin  schoolmaster, 
from  Lithuania.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1659  (when  about  entering 
upon  his  duties),  he  attended  the  meeting  of  city  magistrates,  to 
learn  definitely  the  terms  upon  which  he  was  to  be  employed. 
The  burgomasters  proposed  to  give  him,  out  of  the  city  treasury, 
five  hundred  guilders  annually,  and  tendered  him  fifty  guilders, 
in  part  thereof,  in  advance.  He  was  allowed  the  use  of  a  house 
and  garden,  and  was  permitted  to  charge  six  guilders  per  quarter 
for  each  scholar.  He  was  also  privileged  to  practice  medicine. 
In  1660,  he  in  several  instances  demanded  a  beaver  |  (valued  at 

*  Alb.  and  N.  Am.  Rec.  t  Pauld.  N.  Am.,  41. 

\  The  currency  of  New  Amsterdam  was  in  general  composed  of  the  Indian 
money  called  wampum  or  seawant,  and  of  beaver  skins.  Seawant  consisted  of 
mall  perforated  shells,  "loose"  or  "strung."  This  was  used  in  trading  at 
D 


34  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

eight  guilders),  in  consequence  of  which  overcharge  his  annual 
salary  was  withheld. 

He  likewise  lacked  the  sine  qua  non  for  a  schoolmaster,  and 
the  parents  complained  of  the  want  of  proper  discipline  among 
his  pupils,  "who  beat  each  other  and  tore  the  clothes  from  each 
other's  backs."  He  retorted  by  stating  that  "  his  hands  were  tied, 
as  some  of  the  parents  forbade  him  punishing  their  children." 
The  result  was,  the  school  changed  teachers  ;  Curtius  returned  to 
Holland,  and  the  Rev.  .^gidius  Luyck,  who  had  been  acting  as 
tutor  to  Stuyvesant's  sons,  became  Principal  of  the  High  School, 
1662.  Under  his  charge  it  attained  so  high  a  reputation  that 
children  were  sent  to  it  from  Virginia,  Fort  Orange  and  the 
Delaware,  to  receive  a  classical  education.* 

the  market,  the  grocer's  or  the  baker's.  Six  white  or  three  black  seawants, 
"  loose  "  or  "commercial,"  were  valued  at  one  stuyver,  i.  e.  about  two  cents. 
The  stated  value  of  the  "beaver"  was  eight  guilders,  or  about  three  dollars. 
When  divided  into  half-beavers  they  depreciated  in  value.  Pauld.  N.  Am.,  28. 
*  Brod.,  656-694.  Pauld.  N.  Am.,  42.  Alb.  and  N.  Am.  Rec.  Luyck 
resided  in  Whitehall  Street,  near  Stone  Street. 


CHAPTER    III. 

FROM     THE     CAPITULATION,      1 664,      TO     THE     REVOLUTIONARY     WAR, 
1776;     EMBRACING     A     PERIOD     OF     112     YEARS. 

Although  at  the  Capitulation  of  New  Amsterdam,  the  govern- 
ment of  the  Dutch  as  a  nation  ceased,  her  people,  her  Church, 
her  school  still  remained.  By  the  articles  of  capitulation,  the 
Dutch  had  secured  to  them  "  the  liberty  of  their  consciences  in 
divine  worship  and  church  discipline,  with  all  their  accustomed 
jurisdiction  with  respect  to  the  poor  and  orphans."* 

As  no  record  has  been  found  after  the  capitulation  in  1664, 
relative  to  the  school  of  Van  Hoboocken,  on  the  Governor's 
Bouwery,  the  probability  is  that  it  was  then  closed  ;  but  Pietersen 
continued  to  teach  as  heretofore,  residing  near  his  school,  in 
1665,  in  De  Bouwer  Straat,  now  Stone  Street,  and  continued 
teaching  for  many  subsequent  years. f 

From  the  Records  of  the  Burgomasters'  and  Schepens' 
Court,  which  was  continued  until  Nov.  10,  1774,  we  extract  the 
following  : 

Sept.  19,  1665. — The  petition  of  Mr.  Evert  Pietersen,  Schoolmaster  and 
Precentor  of  this  city,  beinj^  read  and  considered,  requesting  that  he  may  have 
some  proper  fixed  Salarium,  as  he  was  heretofore  paid  his  wages  by  tiie  Hon- 
orable Company,  and  has  been  continued  in  his  employment  from  that  time  to 
the  present,  is  apostilled  as  followeth  :  Whei'eas  order  shall  be  shortly  made 
relative  to  the  salary  of  the  viinisters  of  this  city,  under  which  the  preccntorship 
also  comes,  proper  order  shall  then  lie  made  herein  likewise.}: 

May  8,  1666.— Captain  Steynmets  entering  demands  payment  of  a  year's 
rent  of  his  house,  hired  to  the  city  as  a  city  school,  due  on  the  first  of  this 
month,  amounting  to  the  sum  of  260  florins.  Petitioner  is  requested  to  wait  yet 
awhile,  as  there  is  at  present  no  money  in  the  chest.  § 

Feb.  16,  1668-9. — Kvert  Pietersen,  Schoolmaster  and  Precentor  requests 
payment  of  his  earned  salary,  and  further  allowance  for  his  future  services.  || 

In  an  enumeration  of  "  the  best  and  most  affluent  inhabitants 
of  this  city,"  Feb.  19,  1674,  is  found  the  name  of  Evert  Pietersen 
(who  resides  on  the  south  side  of  Brewer,  now  Stone  Street),  and 
his  property  was  valued  at  2,000  florins.^ 

*  Vide  Art.  of  Capit.  in  full.     O'Call.  N.  N.,  li.  532. 

t  Val.  Man.,  1850,  p.  454.  Val.  Hist.  N.  V.,  p.  120,  Paulding's 
N.  Am.,  109.  X  N.  Am.  Rec,  vi.  73.  §  Ibid.,  178. 

II  N.  Am.  Rec,  vi.  436.  IT  Hoi.  Doc,  li.  699. 


36  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

Dec.  12,  1686. — Jan  De  La  Montague  (probably  the  same  person  who  was 
the  Schoolmaster  in  1652)  was  appointed  to  be  present  at  the  public  catechising, 
and  at  the  private  catechising  held  every  fortnight  on  Wednesday  afternoon.* 

Dec.  16,  1686. — In  consequence  of  the  advanced  age  of  Evert  Pietersen, 
Abraham  De  La  Noy  was  appointed  to  act  as  Clerk,  Chorister  and  Visitor  of 
the  Sick  f  (offices,  as  well  as  that  of  Catechist,  always  included  in  the  duties  of 
the  Schoolmaster  previous  to  the  Revolutionary  War). 

Mr.  De  La  Noy  asked  for  the  fees  for  recording  baptisms,  but  Consistory 
resolved  that  the  yearly  allowance  of  fifty  gulden  for  baptismal  fees  shall  be 
made  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Evert  Pietersen,  but  when  he  dies  the  fees  for 
recording  baptisms  shall  be  paid  to  petitioner. 

Being  thus  relieved  from  these  extra  duties,  it  is  safe  to  con- 
clude that  Pietersen  was  enabled  to  continue  to  teach  into  the 
following  year,  at  least. 

The  ecclesiastical  organization  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
remaining  intact,  she  still  acknowledged  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam.  The  school  continued,  as  heretofore, 
under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  deacons  ;  and  being  now  de- 
prived of  all  aid  from  the  treasury  of  the  colonial  government,  its 
support  wholly  devolved  upon  the  Consistory,  and  the  institution 
had  such  strong  hold  on  the  affections  of  the  Dutch  people,  that 
they  could  not  and  would  not  relinquish  their  jurisdiction  over 
it,  even  when  efforts  were  made  to  compel  them  so  to  do,  as  will 
be  presently  shown. 

The  English  governors,  solicitous  to  produce  uniformity  in 
religion  and  language,  encouraged  English  preachers  and  school- 
masters to  settle  in  the  colony  ;  and,  although  for  many  years 
after  the  Capitulation  there  were  comparatively  but  few  Episco- 
palians in  the  city,  independent  of  the  Government  officers  and 
the  military,  yet  the  Dutch,  with  magnanimous  spirit,  granted 
them  the  occupancy  of  the  church  in  the  fort  a  portion  of  each 
Sabbath.  J 

In  the  year  1673,  England  and  Holland  being  then  at  war, 
the  city  surrendered  to  the  Dutch,  and  Governor  Colve,  in 
granting  charters  to  the  several  towns  of  Long  Island  and  the 
Hudson,  enjoined,  first  of  all,  that  the  authorities  "should  take 
care  that  the  Reformed  Christian  religion  be  maintained  in  con- 
formity to  the  Synod  of  Dordrecht."  They  were  also  empowered 
to  enact  "ordinances  for  the  observance  of  the  Sabbath,  erecting 
churches  and  school-houses,  or  similar  public  works  ;  "§  but 
Colve's  administration  was  brief,  the  province  being  ceded  to  the 
British  by  the  treaty  of  November,  1674. 

Subsequently,  1687,  Governor  Dongan,  in  his  Report  to  the 
Committee  of  Trade  on  the  Province  of  New  York,  states,  "Here 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  A.  65.      Vide  also  Ordinance  for  catechising  (p.  30),  and 
Pietersen's  appointment  to  these  offices  (p.  27).         f  Watson's  Annals,  p.  166. 
X  Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  i.  l86.4  §  Ibid.,  i.  655,  et  seq. 


FROM     1664    TO    1776.  37 

bee  not  many  of  the  Church  of  England.  The  most  prevailing 
opinion  is  that  of  the  Dutch  Calvinists.  It  is  the  endeavour  of  all 
Psons  here  to  bring  up  their  children  and  servants  in  that  opin- 
ion which  themselves  profess."* 

During  Fletcher's  administration,  the  Assembly  passed  a  law 
providing  for  the  settlement  of  ministers  of  the  gospel,  to  be 
chosen  by  the  people.  The  Council  added  an  amendment,  giving 
to  the  Governor  the  power  of  approval  or  rejection.  The  House, 
composed  in  the  main  of  those  attached  to  the  Church  of  Hol- 
land, refused  to  concur  in  the  amendment,  when  Fletcher,  ad- 
dressing them  in  an  angry  speech,  prorogued  them  to  the  next 
year,  f 

The  repeated  efforts  made  in  behalf  of  the  English  Church 
bore  hard  at  times  upon  the  prospective  welfare  of  that  of  the 
Dutch  ;  but  tolerant  to  all,  while  watchful  for  herself,  she  main- 
tained her  position,  and  continued,  as  from  the  first,  in  the 
enjoyment  of  her  worship  and  her  school. 

But,  undoubtedly,  the  greatest  severity  which  the  people  of 
the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  experienced,  was  at  the  hands  of 
Lord  Cornbury. 

His  imprisonment  and  amercement  (1707)  of  two  Presbyterian 
ministers,  for  preaching  without  his  license,  and  his  breaking 
up  by  stringent  measures  the  Dutch  schools  on  Long  Island, 
testify  to  his  misguided  zeal.  % 

Of  the  Dutch  Church  in  New  York,  maintaining  the  ascend- 
ency in  numbers  and  influence,  he  was  somewhat  wary  ;  but,  on 
the  recurrence  of  a  favorable  opportunity,  he  unhesitatingly  gave 
them  to  understand  that  no  Dutch  minister  or  schoolmaster 
would  be  allowed  to  exercise  his  calling  without  a  special  guber- 
natorial license  ;  and  this  in  direct  opposition  to  the  previously- 
granted  charter  of  incorporation,  given  by  William  III.  to  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America. 

ACT  OF  INCORPORATION  OF  THE  REFORMEI)  PROTESTANT  DUTCH  CHURCH. 

And  our  will  and  pleasure  is,  and  we  do  hereby  declare,  that  the  Minister  o. 
the  said  Church  shall  and  may,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Deacons  of  the 
said  Church,  for  the  time  being,  or  any  four  of  them,  whereof  one  of  the  elders 
to  be  one,  from  time  to  time  as  need  shall  rei|uire,  nominate  one  or  more  able 
Ministers,  lawfully  ordained,  according  to  the  Constitution  and  Directions 
aforesaid,  to  be  preachers  and  assistants  to  the  said  Minister  and  his  successors 
in  the  celebration  of  the  Divine  offices  of  praying  and  preaching,  and  other 
duties  incident  to  Ix;  perfonned  in  the  said  Church,  as  the  Ministers,  Elders  and 
Deacons  of  said  Church  shall  require  of  him,  and  /il-i'wise  to  nominate  and  ap- 
point a  Clerk,  Schoolmas ter,  Bet/ringer  or  Sexton,  and  suc/i  otiur  officers 
as  they  shalt  stand  in  need  of. 

'  Doc.  Hist.  N.  v.,  i.  161,  et  seq.  \  Hale's  U.  S.,  76. 

X  Smith's  Hist.,  published  at  Philadeljihia  by  Benjamin  Franklin  &  D. 
Hall,  MDCCLV.,  114.  Hardie,  67.  Dunlap,  ii.  Ap.  U.  254.  Greenleafs 
Hist,  of  Churches  in  N.  Y.,  125. 


38  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

And,  furthermore,  we  do  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  meer 
motion,  give  and  grant  unto  the  said  Ministers,  Elders  and  Deacons,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  members  in  communion  of  the  said  Church, 
or  the  major  part  of  them,  full  power  and  authority  to  make  rates  or  assess- 
ments upon  all  and  every  of  the  members  in  communion  of  said  Church  for  the 
raising  of  money  for  the  payment  of  the  yearly  stipends  or  salaries  of  the  afore- 
said officers  of  the  said  Church. 

And,  lastly,  we  do,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  ordain  and  grant  unto 
the  said  Ministers,  Elders  and  Deacons  of  the  said  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church,  and  their  successors  by  these  presents,  that  this  our  grant  shall  be  firm, 
good,  effectual  and  available  in  all  things  in  the  law,  to  all  intents,  construc- 
tions and  purposes  whatsoever,  according  to  our  tnie  intent  and  meaning  here- 
inbefore declared,  and  shall  be  construed,  reputed  and  adjudged  in  all  cases 
most  favorable  in  the  behalf  and  for  the  best  l^enefit  and  behoof  of  the  said 
Ministers,  Elders  and  Deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the 
city  of  New  York  and  their  successors. 

In  view  of  this  right  to  the  jurisdiction  of  an  institution  which 
they  considered  of  vital  importance,  and  to  which  they  were  en- 
deared— a  right  affirmed  at  the  capitulation,  and  subsequently — 
the  Consistory,  with  a  spirit  worthy  of  their  high  trust,  took  a 
decided  stand  in  opposition  to  the  Governor's  claims  ;  as  in  their 
records  is  a  minute  referring  "to  the  arbitrary  measures  of  Lord 
Cornbury,  who  had  taken  the  regulation  of  schools  into  his  own 
hands,  and  claimed  the  direct  appointment  of  the  schoolmaster.'' 

1705. — A  vacancy  occurring  in  the  school,  a  nomination  was 
made  and  presented  in  Consistory  by  Jacobus  Goelet  and  Dr. 
Johannes  Kerfbyl. 

A  committee  of  the  Consistory  remonstrated  against  the  Gov- 
ernor's claim  as  being  contrary  to  the  privilege  guaranteed  in  the 
Charter.  This  remonstrance  was  declined.  Whereupon  the 
Ruling  Consistory,  deeming  this  a  matter  of  great  importance, 
directed  a  meeting  of  the  Great  Consistory,  on  January  16,  when 
it  was  Resolved,  "that  the  members  of  the  Great  Consistory 
should  have,  with  respect  to  this  matter,  the  appointment  of  the 
Schoolmaster,  not  merely  an  advisory,  but  also  a  deciding  vote 
with  the  Ruling  Consistory."* 

So  that,  notwithstanding  the  Governor's  mandatory  prohibi- 
tion, so  unjustly  and  disastrously  effectual  in  other  parts  of  the 
province,  the  Dutch  in  New  York  retained  their  rights,  and  con- 
tinued to  call  and  settle  their  schoolmasters  as  heretofore. 

The  name  of  the  person  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  above 
alluded  to  is  not  known. 

The  subsequent  minutes  are  wanting,  until  January  5,  1726, 
when  the  Consistory  engagedf  Barent  De  Foreest  to  give  "in- 
struction not  only  in  the  Low  Dutch  language,  but  also  in  the 
elements  of  Christian  piety  ;  "  his  salary  to  commence  January  i. 

*  Consistorial  Minutes,  Lib.  B.  12. 
t  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  A.  422. 


FROM     1664    TO    1776,  39 

By  the  terms  of  the  contract  made  with  him  the  school  was  to 
be  in  session — in  summer,  from  9  o'clock  to  1 1  in  the  morning, 
and  in  winter,  from  half-past  9  to  half-past  12  ;  and,  through 
the  year,  from  i  to  5  in  the  afternoon. 

On  festival  days  he  was  to  be  free,  with  the  knowledge  and 
approval  of  Consistory  ;  also  on  Fridays,  when  there  was  to  be  a 
trial  sermon,  and  on  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  in  the  afternoon 
according  to  custom. 

The  school  was  to  be  opened  and  closed  with  prayer  and 
singing,  and  the  children,  according  to  their  capacity,  were  to 
be  taught  to  spell  and  read  and  write  and  cipher,  and  also  the 
usual  prayers  in  the  catechism. 

On  Saturday  morning  they  were  to  be  prepared  to  repeat  to 
the  Minister  the  Lord's-Day  portion  in  the  catechism,  which  was 
to  be  subject  of  discourse  the  following  day,  so  as  to  be  able  to 
recite  it  in  the  church. 

Eveiy  Monday  the  scholars  were  to  be  publicly  catechised — 
and  on  Wednesdays,  when  there  was  preaching,  he  and  the 
scholars  were  to  come  to  church' in  a  body. 

The  children  were  to  be  examined  in  their  studies,  four  times 
a  year,  in  the  presence  of  the  Consistory  or  a  committee  thereof 

None  but  edifying  and  orthodox  text  books  were  to  be  used, 
such  as  would  meet  with  the  approbation  of  the  Reverend  Con- 
sistory. 

If  ten  of  the  scholars,  or  less  (of  seven  years  of  age  or  up- 
wards), were  unable  to  pay  for  their  instruction,  the  Consistory 
guaranteed  to  pay  the  schoolmaster,  annually,  nine  pounds. 
New  York  currency.  If  there  were  more  than  ten  he  was  to 
receive  pay  in  the  same  proportion. 

As  to  firewood  for  the  children,  the  Consistory  will,  in  due  season,  take 
order  and  communicate  with  you. 

Under  these  promises,  then,  and  upon  condition  that  you  submit  to  such 
orders  as  the  Reverend  Consistory  shall  give  concerning  the  school,  whether 
by  altering  the  foregoing  or  adding  new  ones,  the  Reverend  Consistory  thus 
provisionally  appoints  you  for  this  year. 

Thus  done  in  our  ecclesiastical  meeting  at  New  York,  January  5lh,  A.  D. 
1725-6. 

Ill  the  name  of  the  Reverend  Consistory, 

G.  DU  BOIS. 

p.  t.  Pkaesks. 

The  foregoing  proposal  of  the  Reverend  Consistory,  the  original  of  whicli 
has  been  delivered  to  me,  I  accept  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  thanking  their 
Reverences  for  their  goodness  to  me. 

BARENT  DE  FOREEST. 
New  York,  Jan'y  13,  1725-6. 


40  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

DECLARA  TION* 

of  the  Reverend  Consistory  to  the  Christian  Congregation,  that  Mr.  Barent 
De  Foreest  has  been  appoitited  by  them,  tvith  the  Great  Consistory  to  be 
Schoolmaster  for  one  year  beginning  with  yaniiary  i,  Attno  1726. 

Since  we  all,  under  Divine  Providence,  are  subjects  of  his  Royal  Majesty, 
George,  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  our  most  gracious  Sovereign,  and  we  are 
living  in  a  Province  where  the  English  language  is  the  common  language  of 
the  inhabitants  ;  there  cannot  but  be  a  general  agreement  by  each  and  all  of 
us  that  it  is  very  necessary  to  be  versed  in  this  common  language  of  the  people, 
in  order  properly  to  carry  on  one's  temporal  calling. 

Herewith,  also,  all  who  belong  to  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
and  have  any  regard  for  God,  and  prefer  the  worship  of  the  Low  Dutch 
Reformed  Church,  cannot  but  see  and  acknowledge  that  every  one,  be  he  who 
it  may,  must  regard  it  as  urgently  necessary  that  since  the  practice  of  the  Low 
Dutch  Reformed  worship,  and  attendance  upon  the  public  exercise  of  the 
same,  and  the  devout  hearing  of  pious  sermons  in  the  Dutch  language,  furnish 
the  only  hope,  under  the  co-operation  of  God's  Spirit,  from  time  to  time,  of 
advancing  in  the  knowledge  of  the  truth,  which  is  according  to  godliness,  to 
their  comfort  and  salvation,  it  is  equally  necesary  for  them  to  be  versed  in  the 
language  in  which  God's  worship  is  conducted  and  exercised. 

What,  therefore,  can  any  esteem  more  fit  and  proper  than  that  they  who 
are  not  ashamed  to  belong  to  a  Church  and  congregation,  where  the  true  doc- 
trine of  comfort  in  life  and  in  death  is  preached  in  the  clearest  and  most  pow- 
erful manner,  in  the  Low  Dutch  tongue,  according  to  the  decrees  of  the 
National  Synod  at  Dordrecht,  etc.,  in  order  to  progress  in  the  right  knowledge 
of  God's  word  and  the  practice  of  true  piety,  as  we  are  forgiven  by  the  Most 
High  in  Christ,  through  his  Spirit,  should  cause  their  children  from  their  youth 
up  to  be  instructed  in  the  Low  Dutch  tongue,  and  not  neglect  any  opportunity 
for  gaining  this  end. 

Therefore,  the  acting  Consistory,  having,  after  calling  on  God's  name, 
taking  the  whole  weighty  subject  into  mature  consideration,  have  unanimously 
resolved  to  appoint  Mr.  Barent  de  Foreest,  Schoolmaster,  under  their  own 
supervision,  and  his  pledge  to  obey  strictly  all  such  orders  as  shall  be  judged 
necessary  for  the  advancement  of  the  youth  in  the  Netherlandish  tongue,  and 
in  the  first  principles  of  the  Christian  religion,  and  in  writing  and  ciphering. 
And  they  have  likewise  thought  proper  to  make  known  to  the  Christian  con- 
gregation this  their  resolution  under  these  circumstances. 

So  that  your  children,  whom  you  may  please  to  send  there  for  instruction, 
shall  be  diligently  cared  for,  without  omission  save  in  cases  of  extreme  neces- 
sity ;  to  which  Mr.  De  Foreest  has  pledged  and  bound  himself  to  the  Rev. 
Consistory  according  to  articles  prepared  for  that  purpose. 

Meanwhile,  we.  Ministers,  Elders,  etc.,  have  willingly  taken  it  upon  our- 
selves to  see  that  your  reasonable  expectations  may  be  satisfied  so  far  as  pos- 
sible in  respect  to  the  proper  instruction  of  your  children,  not  only  in  reading 
and  writing  but  also  in  the  usual  prayers  and  in  the  Catechism. 

For  which  purpose  Mr.  De  Foreest  will  every  week  appear  with  all  the 
children  at  the  public  catechising  in  order  that  they  may  be  examined  as  to 
their  proficiency.  He  will,  also,  whenever  there  is  preaching  on  Wednesday, 
come  to  church  with  all  the  children. 

Herewith  are  the  Christian  congregation  also  informed,  in  respect  to  those 
among  us  who  are  unable  to  pay  the  money  required  for  the  teaching  of  their 
children,  from  7  years  of  age  and  upward,  that  they  have  only  to  repair  to 
Mr.  De  Foreest,  who  will  confer  with  them  and  receive  their  children  accord- 
ing to  the  order  which  he  has  already  received  or  shall  still  further  receive 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  A.  426. 


FROM     1664    TO     1776.  41 

from  the  Rev.  Consistory,  that  the  school  money  shall  be  provided  l>y  the 
Rev.  Consistory. 

The  design  is  the  instruction  of  the  youth  and  the  arousing  of  the  adults  to  this 
matter  in  order  to  the  further  propagation  of  Christ's  Kingdom  among  us,  for 
God's  honor  and  our  salvation.  This,  then,  being  the  only  object  sought,  it  is 
our  friendly  request  that  you  may  so  take  to  heart  its  importance  that  one  may 
serve  as  an  example  to  another  and  the  prompt  stir  up  the  slothful.  And  we 
with  our  children  will,  as  members  of  the  true  Christian  Church,  steadfastly 
serve  God  and  his  Son,  Jesus  Christ,  in  faith  and  love. 

So  that  our  congregation  shall  not  diminish,  but  daily  increase  more  and 
more,  like  God's  people,  over  the  whole  earth. 

So  that  even  Babylon  may  fall  and  the  fullness  of  the  Gentiles  come  in  and 
all  Israel  be  saved,  and  we  altogether  receive  hereafter  the  end  of  our  faith  in 
eternal  glory.     Amen. 

Thus  done  in  Christian  Assembly  at  New  York.     Jan.  5th,  A.  D.  1725-6. 

G.  DU  BOIS. 

p.  t.  Praeses. 

1725-6. — January  y,  being  Sunday,  the  above  was  read  before 
the  congregation  after  the  morning  service. 

1726.  Dec.  I.*  Reverend  Consistory  further  appoint  you  Low-Dutch 
Schoolmaster  for  the  ensuing  year,  1727,  on  the  same  conditions  with  this 
alteration  :  \Yhen  those  able  to  pay  apply,  take  the  names  of  the  parents  in 
writing  and  say  to  them  that  you  will  speak  with  the  Rev.  Consistory  on  the 
matter,  and  delay  receiving  the  children  at  the  cost  of  the  Church  until 
you  have  received  the  approval  of  the  Rev.  Consistory.  In  teaching  the 
children  of  the  poor,  it  is  agreed  you  shall  draw  salary  from  the  Reverend 
Consistory  according  to  the  instruction  they  receive — so  nnich  for  one  who  learns 
only  to  read,  and  so  for  one  who  learns  only  to  write,  and  so  for  one  who, 
Ijesides,  learns  ciphering.  And  in  case  any  child  of  the  poor  shall  learn 
writing  or  ciphering,  that  must  be  with  the  approval  of  one  of  the  Ministers. 
Firewood  for  the  school  is  already  provided  according  to  your  own  proposal — 
four  cords  for  the  whole  winter.  In  case  any  children  remain  away  from 
school,  you  will  inquire  after  the  reasons  thereof,  whether  it  was  with  the 
knowledge  of  the  parents  or  not  and  on  good  grounds,  so  that  the  parents  may 
take  order  thereon  ;  and  if  any  of  the  children  of  the  poor  are  often  absent,  and 
their  parents  do  not  apply  a  remedy,  you  shall  give  notice  to  the  Reverend 
Consistory. 

V'ou  will  furnish  a  list  of  the  parents  whose  children  are  taught  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  Consistory  ;  and  every  quarter  you  will  specify  their  names  in  the 
reckoning,  and  what  each  one  learns,  whether  to  read  or  also  to  write  and 
cipher,  in  order  that  it  may  properly  appear  to  the  Rev.  Consistory,  or  to  the 
Deacons,  for  payment. 

And  it  is  furtiier  earnestly  recommended  to  you  to  be  precise  in  foHowing 
these  directions.  Thus  the  Reverend  Consistory  appoints  you  for  School- 
master for  the  coming  year,  1727. 

Thus  done  in  our  Ecclesiastical  Assembly  at  New  York,  Dec.  27,  1726. 

I,  the  undersigned,  accept  this  appointment,  whereof  the  original  ii;i^  been 
given  to  me,  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  with  heartfelt  gratitude  to  the  Reverend 
Consistory. 

HARKNT  DK  roRKi'.SP. 

New  York,  Dec.  29,  1726. 

*  Con.  Mill.,  Lib.  A.  4jJ. 
D2 


42  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

As  his  successor  was  engaged  for  two  years  and  no  longer, 
but  remained  for  ten  years  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  so 
De  Foreest  continued  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  up  to 
December,  1732,  as  the  following  payments  recorded  in  Deacon's 
Minutes  will  attest  : 

£    s.  d. 

1726 — March  3.     Paid  Baient  De  Foreest,  for  the  Schoolkinderen . .      140 

July  21.         "  "  "  .  .    10     4  o 

Nov.  10.        «'  "  "  ..5170 

Dec.  8.  "      for  Firewood 3  14  o 

1727 — Feb.  2.  "      for  Three  Months'  Instruction 5  126 

April  27.       "  "  "  310 

Sept.  14.       "  "  "  3  II  6 

Nov.   I .         "     for  Firewood 3  14  o 

1728  —Aug.  5.         "      for  School  Money  and  Firewood 18  16  6 

Nov.  4.         "     for  Firewood 3  140 

1729 — Jan.  20.         "     for  Instructing  the  Children  of  the  Poor ... .     4  15  o 

July  14.         "  "  "  "         880 

Sept.  3.         "  "  "  "         10  15  o 

Sept.  II.       "  "  "  "         360 

Oct.  9.  "  "  "  "....440 

1730— May  21.        "  "  "  "  880 

Oct.  8.  "      for  Firewood 3     00 

Dec.  7.  "     for  Services 15     00 

1 731 — Oct.  I.  "      for  One  Year's  Services 15     00 

In  1732  he  was  arrested  for  debt,  and  on  the  19th  of  Decem- 
ber asked  Consistory  to  become  responsible  for  ^50  or  ^"60  and 
continue  him  in  his  office,  and  on  his  behalf  state  this  by  word 
of  mouth,  and  from  time  to  time  take  one-half  of  his  salary  for 
the  debt  and  pay  him  the  other  half  for  his  support,  so  long  as 
he  discharged  his  duties  well  and  no  longer. 

After  much  consideration  it  was 

Resolved — That  the  Consistory  cannot  be  answerable  for  any  sum,  and  still 
have  it  in  consideration  whether  to  restore  Mr.  De  Foreest  to  his  office  or  not, 
even  if  he  is  released. 

Also — That  Mr.  Isaac  Stoutenburgh,  now  acting  as  his  helper,  shall  be 
asked  to  continue  as  such  ;  if  so,  he  shall  be  paid  at  the  same  rate  as  Mr.  De 
Foreest,  and  that  from  the  time  when  he  began,  which  was  December  jd,  he- 
cause  the  Consistory  finds  it  necessary  to  abide  by  the  resolution  to  hold  the 
offices  of  Clerk  and  Schoolmaster  together  for  one  competent  person. 

This  proposal  being  made  to  Mr.  Stoutenburgh  in  the  meet- 
ing, was  accepted  by  him.* 

From  this  it  would  appear  that  Mr.  Stoutenburgh,  not  being 
qualified  to  teach,  acted  as  Clerk  or  Chorister  from  December  3, 
1732,  until  a  person  was  found  capable  of  performing  the  duties 
of  both  offices  ;  and  it  is  to  be  inferred  that  there  was  an  inler- 
regnum  in  the  school  from  the  above  date  until  June  i,   1733. 

Although  Consistory  resolved,  December  19,  1732,  not  to  be 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  65. 


LA^/i-      IfA 


M.^^^^n^^^^'i-^ 


Schoolmeester  and  Voorsangep 
1  733  to    1  743. 


ARTOTYPE,      E.     BIERSTADT,    N.     Y. 


FROM    1664    TO    1776.  43 

answerable  for  any  sum,  yet  they  seem  to  have  relented  in  one 
instance  at  least,  for  the  records  state  that,  in  1733,  they  paid  to 
one  Gerrit  Harssen,  for  Barent  De  Foreest,  £^  ^s. 

On  the  2ist  day  of  March,  1733,  the  following  letter  was  ad- 
dressed in  the  name  of  the  Consistory  to  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen,  and 
henceforth  the  records  furnish  a  full  and  uninterrupted  chain  of 
interesting  facts  respecting  the  size  and  progress  of  the  school, 
with  a  complete  list  of  the  Schoolmasters  up  to  the  present  day  : 

Since  the  Old  Church  of  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  Congregation  at  New- 
York  •  at  present  lacks  a  Foresinger,  with  a  Schoolmaster  and  Visitor  of  the 
Sick,  and  it  is  necessary  that  these  ot^ces  should  be  undertaken  as  soon  as 
possible  by  a  suitable  person  ;  the  Rev.  Consistory,  in  consequence  of  the 
general  testimony  to  your  fitness,  turned  tlieir  attention  to  you,  so  that  on  the 
20th  of  March,  1732-3,  they  unanimously  resolved  to  appoint  you  to  those 
offices.  Therefore,  the  Consistory  of  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  Congregation 
in  the  city  of  New  York  hereby  fully  appoint  you,  Mr.  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen 
(at  present  Foresinger  in  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  Congregation  at  Kingstown) 
[Kingston],  to  the  aforesaid  offices. 

And,  if  you  are  inclined  to  accept  the  same  here,  we  name  and  commission 
you  as  Clerk  and  Foresinger  for  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  Congregation  of 
New  York,  in  their  so-called  Old  Church  (even  as  Mr.  Van.  Arnheim  renders 
the  service  in  the  New  Church)  ;  and  also  to  be  the  Visitor  of  the  Sick  for  the 
whole  congregation,  and  to  keep  school  in  the  Low  Dutch  language,  and 
finally  to  keep  the  books  of  the  Elders,  Deacons  .and  Church  Masters. 

That  is,  to  express  our  intention  still  further  — 

1st.  To  exercise  the  function  of  Clerk  and  Foresinger  on  all  occasions  of 
public  worship,  both  in  preaching  and  in  catechising,  which  now  is  done  on 
Wednesday  mornings. 

2d.  Especially  do  the  Consistoi^  expect  you  to  be  active  and  diligent  in 
keeping  the  school,  since  nothing  is  more  necessary  for  those  who  belong  to 
our  congregation;  and,  in  that  case,  there  is  no  doubt  that  several  others  will 
send  their  children  to  you  to  be  taught  reading,  writing,  ciphering,  and  also 
the  principles  of  the  true  Reformed  religion,  and  the  Rev.  Consistory  will 
secure  you,  from  time  to  time,  at  least  twelve  children  from  the  poor,  with  pay- 
ment thereof  (presently  to  be  stated),  that  you  may  teach  them,  as  all  other 
children  in  your  school,  according  to  their  capacity,  to  read,  write  and  cipher, 
the  usual  prayers  and  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  ;  and,  further,  in  your  school 
keeping,  and  the  use  of  books  therein,  you  are  to  act  in  all  respects  as  the 
Consistory  shall  judge  to  be  most  useful,  with  such  additions  or  alterations  as 
experience  shall  show  to  be  best. 

3d.  As  each  one  of  the  Schoolmasters  has  had  the  duty  of  Visitor  of  the 
Sick,  so  you  are  to  make  no  piteous -scruples  concerning  the  service  (however 
weighty  in  itself),  but  render  as  the  Ministers  shall  orally  direct  you. 

4th.   To  keep  the  books  of  Consistory  legibly. 

To  encourage  you  in  undertaking  these  offices,  the  Rev.  Consistory  promise 
you,  for  performing  the  said  services,  as  before  written. 

First.  —As  Foresinger  and  Visitor  of  the  Sick,  yearly  and 

every  year,  to  be  paid  quarterly ;^I  5     o 

Second. — For  the  Schoolleaching  of  twelve  of  the  chil- 
dren of  the  poor,  to  be  paid  quarterly 10     6 

Third.  — For  Keeping  the  Books  of  Consistory 9    o 

Fourth.     Four  Cords  of  Wood,  yearly,  more  or  less. 

Fifth.     To  Record  the  Baptisms  in  the  Old  Church. 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  A.  493. 


44  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

Your  salary  as  Foresinger  shall  commence  from  the  time  that  it  shall  cease 
at  Kingstown  [Kingston,  N.  Y.],  and  as  Schoolmaster  from  the  time  school 
here  begins.  As  to  the  keeping  of  the  books,  if  you  have  no  inclination  for 
this,  the  Reverend  Consistory  must  look  out  for  some  one  else  ;  meanwhile 

If  you  carry  on  your  school  industriously  the  Consistory  doubts  not  the 
citizens  here  will  send  you  such  a  number  of  children,  that,  altogether,  your 
salary  will  furnish  an  adequate  support  for  your  family. 

Thus  the  Consistory,  heartily  desiring  that  you  will  readily  accept  this 
commission  for  the  aforesaid  offices  on  the  conditions  expressed,  will  receive 
you  with  sincere  affection  and  show  you  their  favor. 

Wherefore  they  expect  and  desire,  by  the  first  opportunity,  a  speedy 
answer  that  you  undertake  these  services  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  your 
arrival  in  New  York  to  enter  upon  them. 

With  prayer  for  God's  gracious  blessing  therein  upon  your  person  and 
family. 

Thus  done  in  our  Consistory,  2ist  of  March,  1733. 

GUALTERUS  DU  BOIS.     p.  t.  Praes. 

N.  B. — Besides  the  foregoing  Commission,  the  Consistory  promised  to  pay 
Mr.  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen,  over  and  above,  for  the  first  two  years  (and  no 
longer).  Six  Pounds,  yearly,  N.  Y.  currency,  for  his  house  rent ;  whereupon, 
on  a  certain  day,  he  appeared  before  the  Consistory  and  accepted  the  proposed 
services. 

G.  DU  BOIS.     p.  t.  Pkaes. 

The  terms*  of  the  contract  made  with  Mr.  Van  Wagenen  with 
regard  to  the  school  hours  and  holidays,  the  catechising  of 
the  children  and  their  presence  in  church  on  stated  occasions, 
quarterly  examinations,  &c.,  were  substantially  the  same  as  those 
made  with  Barent  De  Foreest,  except  that  the  Consistory  guar- 
anteed the  tuition  of  twelve  or  more  scholars,  none  of  whom  were 
to  be  under  seven  years  of  age. 

The  contract  concludes  thus  : 

You  shall  also  minutely  record  all  the  children  who  are  brought  to  the 
Old  Church  for  baptism,  and  conduct  therein  according  to  the  direction  of  the 
Reverend  Consistory  as  the  Minister  shall  announce  to  you  ;  for  each  child 
that  you  record,  you  shall  receive  at  least  a  half-quarter,  and  so  much  more 
as  the  parties  may  present  to  you. 

Your  salary,  as  Foresinger,  is  to  commence  from  the  15th  of  May,  last, 
and,  as  Schoolmaster,  from  the  ist  of  June. 

The  original  hereof  is  given  to  you,  and  you  are  also  to  sign  this. 

Thus  done  in  our  meeting  in  New  York,  June  13th,  A.  D.  1733. 
In  the  name  and  authority  of  the  Consistory. 

HENRICUS  BOEL. 

p.  t.  Praeses. 

The  foregoing  Commission,  and  the  Farther  Explanation  by  the  Rev. 
Consistory,  of  which  the  original  was  given  to  me,  I  undertake  in  the  fear  of 
the  Lord,  with  thanksgiving. 

N.  Y.,  June  20th,  A.  D.  1733. 

GERR.  VAN  WAGENENEN. 
*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  A.  497. 


FROM     1664    TO    1776.  45 

Publication  made  from  the  pulpit  in  both  Churches  of  the 
Low  Dutch  Reformed  Christian  Congregations  here  in  New 
York,  Sunday  Forenoon,  June  10,  1733  :  * 

Beloved  in  the  Lord  :  The  Reverend  Consistory,  taking  to  heart  the 
extreme  necessity,  usefulness  and  benefit  under  the  Lord's  blessing,  for  this 
congregation  in  general,  that  there  should  be  a  Foresinger  in  the  Old  Church, 
and  a  Visitor  of  the  Sick,  and  for  the  youth  in  particular,  that  there  should 
be  a  good  Low  Dutch  Orthodox  Schoolmaster  maintained  among  us,  has,  in 
testimony  of  Mr.  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen's  good  qualifications,  called  him  to 
these  offices  and  he  has  accepted  the  same. 

Therefore,  Notice  is  hereby  given  to  the  Christian  Congregation  that  Mr. 
Gerrit  Van  Wagenen  is  appointed  Visitor  of  the  Sick  in  our  congregation,  and 
Foresinger  in  the  Old  Church,  just  as  Mr.  Jan  Van  Arnheim  is  Foresinger  in 
the  New  Church,  and  is  to  record  who  are  baptized  there. 

The  Christian  Congregation  will  please  conduct  themselves  accordingly. 

Further,  Notice  is  given  that  Mr.  Van  Wagenen  will  be  Schoolmaster  in 
the  Low  Dutch,  under  the  inspection  and  orders  of  the  Consistory,  so  as  best 
to  advance  the  youth  in  the  Low  Dutch  language,  in  the  arts  of  reading, 
writing  and  ciphering,  and  also  in  the  elements  of  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed 
religion.  He  will  therefore  appear  with  the  school-children  at  the  public 
catechising  in  the  church,  that  they  may  recite  the  Questions  according  to 
their  ability,  and  he  may  show  his  diligent  performance  of  all  his  duties. 

The  Consistory  will  also,  from  time  to  time,  take  care  that  your  reasonable 
expectations  as  to  the  good  instruction  of  your  children  in  reading,  writing 
and  ciphering,  and  also  in  the  prayers,  the  Catechism  and  catechising  in  the 
Low  Dutch,  are  fulfilled. 

And  as  there  are  in  our  Congregation  persons  unable  to  pay  the  school 
money,  these  shall  give  notice  of  their  children,  of  seven  years  or  over,  to  Mr. 
Van  Wagenen,  who  will  inform  the  Consistory  ;  and  they,  having  given  their 
consent,  will  pay  the  school  money  required. 

Therefore,  the  Consistory  hopes  that  all  this  may  prove  a  desired  success 
for  our  Church,  and  that  the  Christian  Congregation  will  be  pleased  to 
support  the  same  for  the  general  good,  for  themselves  and  their  children,  by 
assiduously,  and  in  good  number,  sending  scholars  to  Mr.  Van  Wagenen's 
School  of  Orthodoxy. 

We  justly  expect  this  the  more,  because,  for  a  long  time,  we  have  heard 
the  wish  and  desire  of  many  for  a  good  Low  Dutch  School  among  us,  accord- 
ing to  the  language  and  religion  of  our  Church  ;  as,  also,  because  it  is  so 
absolutely  necessary,  useful  and  salutary  for  the  Christian  rearing,  teaching 
and  training  of  our  youth,  in  order  to  gain  them,  from  the  earliest  period,  to 
the  language  of  our  Church,  and  to  a  love  for  the  "Low  Dutch  Reformed 
worship,  that  the  prosperity  of  our  Church  may  be  furthered,  with  heartfelt 
prayer  to  God  for  his  blessing. 

Thus  done  in  our  Session. 

In  the  name  and  authority  of  the  Reverend  Consistory, 

IIENRICUS  BOEL. 

p.  t.  Praeses, 

The  Deacons'  Book  records  the  amount  paid  from  year  to 
year  to  Mr.  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen  for  his  services. 

Upon  his  decease,  in  the  forepart  of  1743,  his  son,  Huybert 
Van  Wagenen,  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  A.  501. 


46  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

The  increasing  population  had  not  only  rendered  necessary 
the  erection,  "farther  up-town,"  of  a  second  house  of  worship, 
but  a  second  school  was  to  be  provided  for,  as  the  deacons,  in 
their  capacity  as  trustees,  informed  Consistory  "That,  for  the 
encouragement  of  another  Dutch  school,  they  had,  during  this 
month  [November  21,  1743],  directed  Mr.  Abraham  De  Lanoy 
to  present  the  names  often  (10)  children  of  poor  parents  (who 
lived  at  too  great  a  distance,  particularly  in  winter,  to  come  to 
the  school  of  Mr.  Huybert  Van  Wagenen)  to  the  deacons,  in 
writing,  that,  after  investigation  of  their  cases,  they  may  be  ap- 
proved. Mr.  De  Lanoy,  for  instructing  them  according  to  the 
rates  prescribed  by  Consistory,  shall  receive,  in  quarterly  pay- 
ments, the  same  amount  of  money  and  firewood  which  Mr.  Van 
Wagenen  received  for  the  same  number.  Mr.  Van  Wagenen 
shall  attend  to  the  catechetical  instruction  of  the  children  in  the 
Old  Church  [Garden  Street],  and  Mr.  De  Lanoy  in  the  New 
Church  [the  Middle]." 

The  Consistory  hereon  declared  that  they  appreciated  the  excellent  aim 
of  the  Deacons  and  approved  it,  and  desired  the  Deacons  to  take  the  matter 
to  heart  and  act  further  therein  with  the  Consistory. 

HENRICUS  BOEL. 

p.  t.  Praeses. 

Accommodations  having  been  secured,  the  school  of  Mr, 
De  Lanoy  went  into  operation.*  While  it  existed  there  was  a 
school  to  each  church  ;  and  had  the  plan  been  strictly  carried 
out  of  establishing  a  school  by  the  side  of  each  Dutch  Church 
subsequently  erected,  is  it  not  reasonable  to  suppose  that  it  would 
have  proved  a  source  of  rejoicing  to  our  denomination  at  the 
present  day  ?  May  she  not  awake  to  a  sense  of  her  duty  in  this 
respect  when  it  is  too  late .' 

In  1746,  Covi'&x'&'ioxy  7- e solved,  "That  there  should  be  appro- 
priated  to  Mr.  Huybert  Van   Wagenen,  in  additmi  to   the  sum 

*  Mr.  Abraham  Brewer  (born  1753,  died  1832)  states  that,  when  a  lad,  "  he 
went  to  the  Dutch  school,  to  his  grandfather,  Abraham  Delanoye  (a  French 
Huguenot,  via  Holland),  whose  school  was  in  Cortla^idt  street  "  (Wat.  An., 
172).  This  being  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Middle  Church,  was,  in  all  probability, 
the  school  organized  by  the  deacons  in  November,  1743,  as  above  stated. 

The  late  Judge  Benson,  in  his  early  youth,  "attended  school  at  the  comer 
of  Marketfidd  and  Broad  streets,  where  he  learned  the  Dutch  Catechism. 
They  used  in  the  Dutch  churches,"  he  adds,  "a«  hourglass,  near  the  clock, 
to  ascertain  the  length  of  the  sermon,  which  was  always  limited  to  one  hour. 
They  made  the  collections  in  a  bag,  with  a  bell  io  give  notice  of  the  approach 
of  the  deacons — gatherers  "— (z'/oV  Wat.  An.,  191).  The  whole  complexion 
of  the  Judge's  statement,  in  connection  with  the  statement  of  the  Consistory 
of  that  date,  "  that  there  was  (then)  no  other  suitable  school  of  the  Low  Dutch 
in  the  city,"  [post,  49),  renders  it  highly  probable  that  the  locality  mentioned 
was  the  site  of  Mr.  Van  Wagenen's  labors  at  this  date. 


FROM     1664    TO    1776.  47 

pledged  to  him  for  the  instruction  of  the  children  in  the  school, 
/en  pounds  New  York  currency,  for  one  year,  on  condition  that 
he  should  officiate  as  chorister  alternately  in  the  Old  and  New 
Church,  as  shall  be  directed  by  Consistory.  If  this  should  prove 
satisfactory,  the  Consistory  will  take  further  action." 

This  was  accompanied  with  resolutions  relating  to  Isaac 
Stoutenburgh  and  John  Van  Aernam.  choristers  in  the  Old  and 
New  churches,  providing  for  Mr.  Van  Wagenen  taking  their 
places  occasionally,  and  paving  the  way  for  his  permanent  ap- 
pointment.* 

August  6,  1748,  the  subject  of  erecting  a  school  and  dwelling- 
house  was  referred  to  a  Committee  of  Consistory,  consisting  of 
Abel  Hardenbroek,  Theodorus  Van  Wyck,  J.  Turk  and  Jan 
Brevoort  ;  and  Mr.  Huybert  Van  Wagenen  having  signified  his 
intention  to  resign,  Consistory  engaged  "Mr.  Daniel  Br.att, 
chorister  in  the  church  of  Catskill,  to  be  chorister  in  the  New 
Church  for  the  five  subsequent  years,  for  which  service  he  is  to 
receive,  in  addition  to  the  fees  for  entering  baptisms,  £\2  \os. 
He  is  also  to  officiate  as  the  schoolmaster ,  for  which  he  shall  be 
provided  with  a  dwelling-house  and  school-room  by  the  Old  Church, 
and  also  with  tivelve  free  scholars,  si.\  in  reading  and  six  in 
writing  ;  for  which  he  shall  receive  £\2  \os.,  and  also  a  load  0/ 
wood  for  each  scholar,  annually,  half  nut  and  half  oak.  His 
services  to  commence  April,  1749."  f 

August  1^1 .  — "  The  Committee  for  preparing  a  plan  for  the 
building  of  a  school  and  dwelling-house,  e.xhibited  one  which 
was  unanimously  approved  ;  and  it  was  resolved,  that  the  erection 
of  a  building,  according  to  such  plan,  should  forthwith  proceed.  ";|: 

In  the  year  1691,  the  Dutch  Church  purchased,  for  $450,  from 
the  Common  Council,  a  tract  of  land  on  Garden  Street,  between 
William  and  Broad  Streets,  "on  the  north  side  175  feet,  on  the 
south  side  180  feet,  more  or  less."  A  church  was  erected  here 
in  1693,  on  the  north  side  of  the  street  :  and  opposite  this,  on 
the  south  side,  several  feet  back  from  the  building-line,  the  school- 
house  (with  teacher's  dwelling  attached)  was  built.  § 

1751. — November  18,  Mr.  Daniel  Bratt  handed  a  list  of  free 
scholars  who  were  found  to  be  three  more  than  Consistory  had 
appointed.  He  requested  payment  for  these,  and  also  to  take 
more  if  they  offered  themselves  ;  both  of  which  were  agreed 
to  on  condition  the  number  should  not  exceed  twenty.  || 

V'.  *  Con.  .Mill.,  Lib.  A.  503.  .Stoutenhurs^'h,  in  1746,  was  Voorleezer  in  llic 
Oude  Kerke,  and  Van  Aernam  in  the  New  Kerke.     Rec.  Col.  Ch. 

t  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  130.  J  //,id. 

■^  The  exact  site  of  this  l)uiicling  is  riesignalcd  on  an  ancient  map  of  tlic 
city,  1763,  which  is  to  be  found  in  Val.  Man.  Com.  Coun.,  1850,  p.  220. 
This  property  is  now  known  as  Nos.  50  and  52  Kxchangc  Place. 

II  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  136. 


48  HISTORY    OF   THE   SCHOOL 

1751. — December  12.  —  "Mr.  Van  der  Sman  was  appointed 
Consoler  of  the  Sick  and  Catechiser. "  * 

Mr.  Bratt,  from  the  complexion  of  the  records,  had  been 
selected  with  reference  to  his  abilities  as  chorister.  As  an  in- 
structor of  youth  and  catechist,  he  seems  not  to  have  rendered 
complete  satisfaction  ;  hence  the  division  of  his  labors  by  the 
above  appointment,  and  his  subsequent  dismissal  ;  for  in  1753. 
April,  he  was  "notified  that  his  services  as  schoolmaster  would 
end  in  May,  1754.  "f 

1755. — The  Consistory,  at  this  period,  finding  themselves 
unable  to  procure  here  the  services  of  an  individual  possessed  of 
those  varied  qualifications  deemed  by  them  essential  in  a  voorleezer 
and  schoolmaster,  and  being  anxious  of  obtaining  one  capable  of 
performing  aright  those  important  and  responsible  duties  con- 
nected with  the  instruction  of  youth,  especially  where  the  culti- 
vation of  their  moral  faculties  was  to  be  appropriately  considered, 
"  Resolved  ( January  2'j)  lo  call  a  chorister,  catechist  and  schoolmaster 
from  Holland.'^  Articles  were  prepared,  prescribing  the  duties 
required,  and  stipulating  the  salary,  which  were  committed  to  the 
President,  to  prepare  a  letter  to  certain  persons  in  Holland,  to 
be  forwarded  by  the  first  opportunity. 

To  Daniel  Bratt,  who  had  still  been  retained  in  the  school, 
notwithstanding  the  notification  of  April,  1753,  "notice  was 
directed  to  be  given,  '  to  look  out  for  another  place. '  "  \ 

The  letter  which  was  prepared  and  sent  to  Holland,  as  above 
directed,  was  as  follows  : 

To  Mr.  John  Drkves,  Casliier ;  N.  N.  Schuute,  Foresinger,  of  the  Soiif/i 
Cliurcli,  A))isterdain  ;  and  CHRISTIAN  BORDING,  at  Oostsaane  : 

Respected  Sirs  :  The  Consistory  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  the 
city  of  New  Yori<,  encouraged  by  the  recommendation  of  Mr.  Cornelius 
Clopper,  Jr.,  who  is  acquainted  with  you,  take  the  liberty  to  send  you  this 
letter,  requesting  you,  as  being  able  and  willing,  to  aid  us  in  the  matter 
proposed.  Our  congregation  has  for  some  time  been  destitute  of  a  capable 
schoolmaster  and  chorister,  to  the  evident  injury  of  our  youth  and  the  cause  of 
religion  ;  the  Consistory  have  finally  resolved  to  incur  the  trouble  and  expense 
of  procuring  one  from  Holland  ;  and  for  such  beseech  your  most  friendly  help 
and  support,  and  offer  such  emoluments  as  will  be  nearly  double  of  what  ha> 
been  before  enjoyed  by  any  one  in  that  capacity.  This  is  the  strongest 
evidence  of  our  ardent  desire  to  obtain  a  worthy  person,  who  shall  fulfill  our 
expectations,  and  discharge  the  duties  of  his  station  to  satisfaction. 

The  requisites  which  the  Consistory  desire  in  the  person  whom  you  may  be 
so  good  as  to  procure  for  us,  are  : 

First,  That  he  be  a  person  of  suitable  qualifications  to  ofhciate  as  scliool- 
rnaster  and  c/iorister,  possessing  a  knowledge  of  music,  a  good  voice,  so  as  to 
be  heard  ;  an  aptitude  to  teach  others  the  science,  and  that  he  should  be  a 
good  reader,  writer  and  aritluiietician. 

Second,  That  he  should  be  of  the  Reformed  religion,  a  vionber  of  the 
Church,  bringing  with  him  testimonials  of  his  Christian  character  and  conduct. 

•  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  137.  f  ^^'i<i-^  I44-  X  ^l^id.,  155. 


FROM    1664    TO    1776.  49 

Third,  That,  whether  married  or  unmarried,  he  be  not  under  twenty-five, 
nor  over  thirty-five. 

The  following  are  the  etnoluments  which  the  Consistory  promise  and 
pledge  to  said  person,  for  the  required  services,  annually,  so  long  as  he  seems 
capable  of  discharging  his  duties  in  the  school  and  church,  and  so  long  as  his 
Christian  conduct  is  to  the  edification  of  the  congregation  : 

First,  A  free  divelling-house,  a  new  and  commodious  one,  standing  directly 
over  [opposite]  the  church  in  which  he  is  to  officiate  as  chorister,  not  only 
twice,  and  sometimes  three  times  on  the  Sabbath,  but  also  every  Wednesday. 
In  this  house,  besides  the  large  school-room,  there  is  a  small  chamber,  a 
kitchen,  a  cellar  under  the  house,  behind  the  house  a  fine  kitchen-garden,  a 
well,  with  a  pump  therein,  and  other  conveniences  Ijesides,  the  annual  rent  of 
which  would  Ije  valued  at  more  than  twenty  pounds  New  York  currency. 
While  the  sums  mentioned  are  New  York  currency,  we  deem  it  necessary  to 
state  that  one  pound.  New  York  currency,  must  be  reckoned  at  six  guilders 
and  twelve  stivers. 

Second,  For  leading  the  singing  at  the  times  before  stated  annually,  fifteen 
pounds. 

Third,  As  the  master  shall  be  bound  to  instruct  twenty  poor  children  in 
reading,  7uriting  a.nd  ciphering,  he  shall  receive  annually  tzventyfonr  pottnds, 
whether  the  whole  number  Ije  filled  up  or  not. 

Fourth,  Fire^uood  for  these  children,  six  pounds  annually. 

Fifth,  For  keeping  the  account-books  of  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the 
church,  neatly  executed,  eight  pounds. 

Sixth,  For  entering  baptisms  in  the  Church  Register.  This  cannot  be 
accurately  defined,  but  will  at  least  average  seven  pounds. 

Seventh,  Besides  these,  an  annual  salary  oi  twenty  pomids . 

Total,  eighty  pounds  ($200)  and  divelling. 

Upon  this,  gentlemen,  the  schoolmaster  coming  over  may  confide  with 
certainty.  To  this  may  be  added,  that  the  school  is  open  for  the  children  of 
all  the  citizens,  and  from  those  who  learn,  whether  reading  alone,  or  writing, 
singing  or  ciphering,  a  considerable  sum  may  be  expected,  as  tliere  is  7to  other 
suitable  school  of  the  Low  Dutch  in  the  city.  The  master  may,  therefore, 
confidently  expect  that,  with  his  zeal  and  industry,  his  income  will  increase,  so 
that  forty  pounds  more  may  at  least  he.  added.  Finally,  in  order  that  nothing 
may  l)e  omitted  in  endeavors  to  attain  this  pious  object,  the  Consistory  (as  the 
person  selected  cannot  come  here  without  expense)  promise,  on  his  arrival,  to 
remunerate  him  to  the  amount  oi  fifteen  pounds.  If  you  shpuld  seek  to  gain 
this  object  as  speedily  as  practicable,  so  that  the  person  selected  may  come 
over  to  us  with  Captain  John  Keteltas,  a  great  service  will  be  rendered  to  us 
and  our  church,  and  we  shall  feel  ourselves  obligated  to  acknowledge  our 
gratitude. 

We  subscribe  ourselves,  with  prayer  for  the  blessings  of  grace  upon  your 
persons  and  families. 

Your  servants.  The  Consistory  of  New  York. 

In  their  l)ehalf,  J.   RITZEMA,  Pres. 

February  17,  1755. 

N.  B.  This  comprises,  under  tlie  name  of  (Voorsanger)  chorister,  also  that 
of  (Voorleeser)  leader  in  reading,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  during  the  absence  or 
sickness  of  the  minister  (as  we  are  not  provided  with  candidates),  to  read  a 
sermon  for  the  edification  of  the  congregation. 

P.  S.  The  Consistory  also  retjuests  that  Captain  John  Keteltas  may  be 
consulted  as  to  the  qualifications  of  the  person  who  may  be  selected.* 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  157. 


50  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

No  vessel  having  sailed,  the  following  letter  was  written  to 
accompany  the  above  : 

March  28,  1755. 

Messrs.  Jan  Dreves,  N.  N.  Schoute,  and  Christian  Bording. 

Esteemed  Sirs:* — Since  Capt.  John  Keteltas  does  not  now  journey  to 
Amsterdam  and  there  is  another  shipmaster  in  his  place,  with  whom  we  are 
not  so  well  acquainted,  I  am  requested  to  inform  you  that  the  matter  of  pro- 
viding a  suitable  man  is  left  entirely  in  your  hands.  Yet  if  you  do  not  find  a 
suitable  person,  the  Consistory  would  rather  no  one  came  over  than  to  receive 
one  lacking  the  requisite  qualifications.  However,  the  Consistory  does  not  at 
all  mean  by  this  to  frighten  you,  as  if  they  were  so  scrupulous  that  scarce  any 
one  would  meet  their  views,  but  only  intends  to  indicate  their  urgent  need  of  a 
well-qualified  person.  Expecting  that  this  postscript  will  be  well  received,  I 
subscribe  myself,  in  the  name  and  authority  of  the  Low  Dutch  Church  Re- 
formed Congregation  of  Jesus  Christ  at  New  York. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

J.  RITZEMA,  v.  D.  M., 

p.  t.  Praeses. 

This  call  happily  provides  us  with  the  aspect  of  the  school, 
and  the  standard  of  the  schoolmaster's  qualifications,  7}iore  than  a 
century  and  a  quarter  ago  ;  and  it  resulted  in  the  procurement  of 
a  teacher  from  Holland,  who  served  the  school  faithfully  till 
called  away  by  a  messenger  from  God. 

1755. — Mr.  John  Nicholas  Welp  having  arrived  from 
Amsterdam  as  chorister  and  reader  in  the  Old  Church,  and  also 
as  schoolmaster,  delivered  his  testimonials,  which  were  satisfactory 
to  the  Consistory.  It  was  Resolved,  that  eight  pounds  be  appro- 
priated for  the  freight,  etc.,  of  his  goods  from  New  London,  in 
addition  to  the  fifteen  pounds  promised  for  the  expenses  of  his 
voyage  ;  f  and  the  following  letter  betokens  the  kind  hearts  and 
magnanimous  spirits  which  constituted  the  Consistory  of  that  day: 

Letter  from  Consistory  to  Messrs.   John   Dreves,    N.    N.    Schoute,  and 
Christian  Bording. 

Mr.  Cornelius  Clopper,  Jr.,  one  of  our  members,  has  already  made  you 
acquainted  with  the  course  of  correspondence  and  safe  arrival  here  of  Mr. 
John  Nicholas  Welp,  with  his  wife  and  children,  in  good  health.  We,  however, 
feel  ourselves  in  the  highest  measure  obliged  to  express  unto  you  our  obliga- 
tions more  particularly,  and  to  acknowledge  with  cordial  thankfulness  the 
trouble  and  care  taken  for  us,  and  feel  ready  to  reciprocate  in  anything  which 
can  be  done  on  our  part.  What  respects  the  small  expenses  of  which  Mr. 
Bording  makes  mention,  in  his  letter,  we  send  accompanying  this,  with  Cap- 
tain Anthony  Rutgers,:]:  four  Spanish  pieces,  with  the  charge  to  pay  in  our 
name  anything  further  which  may  exist.  You,  gentlemen,  doubtless,  expect 
to  learn  from  us  whether  the  person  of  Mr.  Welp  satisfies  our  expectation. 
We  can  say,  although  all  is  yet  new,  that  there  is  nothing  which  can  lead  us 
to  apprehend  that  the  Consistory  will  regret  the  heavy  and  unusual  expenses 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  165.  f  Ibid.,  176. 

X  Memb.  Com.  Coun.  for  eleven  years.     Val.  Man.  1850,  221  et  seq. 


FROM    1664    TO    1776.  51 

incurred  by  obtaining  a  person  from  Holland  for  such  a  service.  His  testimo- 
nials are  highly  laudatory,  and  the  proof  of  his  work  hitherto  being  satisfactory 
to  the  congregation,  good  hope  is  entertained  that,  by  his  example  and  labors, 
he  will  be  very  useful  in  our  Church,  if  it  should  please  the  Lord  to  spare  him 
for  some  years,  which  we  also  desire  on  his  account.  The  Consistory  have, 
according  to  their  promise,  paid  the  passage-money  from  Holland,  and  have 
also  paid,  besides  this,  the  expenses  from  New  London,  which  were  a  little 
more  than  eight  pounds.  Also,  considering  the  loss  which  Mr.  Welp  suffered 
in  the  sale  of  his  goods,  on  account  of  his  removing  from  Amsterdam  at  a 
short  notice,  as  was  mentioned  in  the  letter  of  Mr.  Bording,  the  Consistory 
have  voluntarily  made  up  a  present  of  twenty  pounds,  which  was  very  gladly 
received  by  Mr.  Welp.  We  thus  trust  that,  diligently  employed  in  his  school 
labors,  he  will  feel  himself  satisfied  with  his  situation,  and  find  matter  for 
thankfulness  to  the  providence  of  God  which  has  brought  him  here,  of  which 
he  already  gives  tokens  of  acknowledgment.  This,  we  believe,  gentlemen, 
will  give  you  satisfaction  in  the  work  you  have  done.  We  pray  the  God  of 
heaven  to  bless  you  and  the  land  of  your  residence,  that  it  may  not  prove  a 
prey  lo  ambitious  tyranny,  especially  not  to  the  anti-Christian  king  of  France, 
whose  irreligious  cruelty  many,  especially  on  the  borders  of  our  neighboring 
provinces,  experience  by  the  murders  and  burnings  committed  by  the  bar- 
barous heathen  hired  by  money,  and  mated  for  this  purpose. 

We  subscribe  ourselves,  with  great  respect  and  affectionate  greetings  to 
Jaffron  Bording,  respected  and  well-known,  gentlemen,  your  obedient  and 
obliged  servants. 

In  the  name  of  Consistory,* 

J.  RITZEMA. 
Dec.  29,  1755. 

November  16,  1755. — Mr.  Welp  was  allowed  to  claim  for  his 
instruction  of  the  children,  per  quarter,  for  reading  only,  five 
shillings,  for  reading  and  writing,  eight  shillings,  and  sixpence 
for  pen  and  ink  ;  and  ten  shillings  for  ciphering,  and  six  shillings 
for  those  who  learn  singing. 

August  22,  1757. — Ten  children  taught  by  the  late  Mr.  Van 
Dalsen  were  allowed  to  Mr.  Welp  provisionally,  f 

*  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  177.  The  closing  paragraph  alludes  to  the  barbari- 
ties peqietrated  by  the  savages  on  the  frontier  inhabitants  during  the  French 
and  Indian  war,  1754-1763.  On  the  surrender  of  Oswego,  the  terms  which 
had  been  agreed  to  were  shamefully  violated.  Several  of  the  British  officers 
and  soldiers  were  insulted,  robbed,  and  massacred  by  the  Indians.  Most  of 
the  sick  were  scalped  in  the  hospitals,  and  the  French  general  delivered 
twenty  of  the  garrison  to  the  savages,  that  being  the  number  they  had  lost 
during  the  seige,  and  these  were  tortured  and  burnt.  Subseciuently,  on  the 
surrender  of  Fort  William  Henry,  on  Lake  George,  "it  was  expressly  stipu- 
lated by  Montcalm  that  the  prisoners  should  be  protected  from  the  savages  by 
a  guard,  and  that  the  sick  and  wounded  should  be  treated  with  humanity. 
But  the  next  morning,  a  great  number  of  Indians,  having  been  permitted  to 
enter  the  lines,  began  to  plunder.  They  massacred  the  sick  and  wounded, 
and  attacked  the  defenseless  troops  with  fiend -like  fui7.  The  stipulated 
guard  was  denied.  On  every  side  savages  were  butchering  and  scalping  their 
wretched  victims.  Their  hideous  yells,  the  groans  of  the  dying,  and  the 
frantic  shrieks  of  others,  shrinking  from  the  uplifted  tomahawk,  were  heard 
by  the  French  unmoved.  The  fury  of  the  savages  was  permitted  to  rage 
without  restraint,  until  a  large  number  were  killed  or  hurried  captives  into  the 
Wilderness."— /Zz/e",  119.  t  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  191. 


52  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

July  29,  1765. — A  proposition*  was  made  by  Mr.  Jacobus 
Van  Zandt  to  establish  a  Latin  and  English  Grammar  School 
under  the  direction  of  our  Consistory,  in  which,  together  with 
the  languages,  the  elements  of  our  religion  will  be  taught. 

This  was  agreed  to  by  a  majority  ;  and  it  was  further  agreed 
that  for  the  building  or  hiring  of  such  a  school-house  a  voluntary 
collection  should  be  made  through  our  congregation. 

It  was  reserved  for  further  consideration  what  site  would  be 
the  most  suitable  for  it  ;  whether  on  the  Harpending  grounds  or 
those  which  lie  along  the  Old  Church. 

August  I. — The  heading  of  a  subscription  to  build  or  hire  a 
suitable  school-house  was  presented,  but  for  important  reasons 
the  going  round  with  it  was  delayed  till  the  beginning  of 
September. 

"Until  a  few  years  before  the  erection  [1769]  of  the  North 
Church,  all  the  public  religious  services  had  been  held  in  the 
Dutch  language.  But  the  increase  of  the  English  language 
among  the  people,  and  the  proportionate  decline  of  the  Dutch, 
became  too  apparent  to  escape  the  notice  of  observing  men  ;  and 
it  became  more  and  more  evident  to  reflecting  minds  that  unless 
the  English  language  was  introduced,  the  younger  people  would 
attach  themselves  to  churches  where  that  language  was  used,  and 
the  Dutch  churches  would  dwindle  away.  Long  discussions 
were  held  on  this  subject,  and  no  little  excitement  was  produced 
by  the  resolution  which  was  finally  adopted  by  the  Consistory  of 
the  Collegiate  Church,  to  call  a  minister  who  should  officiate  in 
the  English  language,  while  the  Dutch  was  still  to  be  continued 
for  a  part  of  each  Sabbath.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Laidlie  was  the  person 
called,  and  he  preached  his  fij-st  sermon  m  English  in  the  Middle 
Dutch  Church  on  the  afternoon  of  the  last  Sabbath  in  March, 
1764,  from  2  Cor.  v.  11  :  'Knowing  therefore  the  terror  of  the 
Lord,  we  persuade  men.'  All  the  services  were  conducted  in 
English  except  the  singing,  which  was  performed  in  Dutch,  led 
hy  facobus  Van  Antwerp  (Vooraznger),  'the  fore-singer,' as  the 
congregation  were  unacquainted  with  the  English  psalmody. 
The  house  was  densely  crowded  ;  the  aisles  were  filled,  many 
climbed  up  in  the  windows,  and  many  of  the  most  respectable 
people  stood  through  the  whole  exercise."  f 

This  measure,  as  might  naturally  be  expected,  gave  great 
off'ence  to  some  individuals,  and  their  opposition  to  it  was  mani- 
fested for  a  long  time,  until,  finally,  finding  expostulation  vain, 
they  invoked  the  aid  of  the  civil  power. 

On  the  6th  day  of  July,  1767,  more  than  three  years  after 
the  settlement  of  the  "English  preacher,"  a  few  members  of  the 

♦  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  277.  f  Greenleaf 's  Hist.  N.  Y.  Churches,  15. 


FROM     1664    TO    1776.  53 

Dutch  Church,  opposed  to  his  appointment,  presented  a  remon- 
strance to  his  Excellency,  Sir  Henry  Moore,  Bart.,  Governor  of 
New  York,  in  which  they  complain  that  the  Consistory  had 
impinged  upon  the  Constitution  of  the  Church  by  violating 
certain  liberties  and  privileges  originally  conferred  at  the  capitu- 
lation in  1664  ;  confirmed  and  enlarged  by  William  III.'s 
charter,  1696;*  and  still  further  established,  confirmed  and 
extended  to  the  ministers,  elders,  deacons  and  members  of  said 
Church  by  George  II.,  in  1755.  The  remonstrance  was  signed 
by  Abel  Hardenbrook,  Jacobus  Siouienburgh  and  Huyberi  Van 
Wagenen.\  It  consists  of  ten  grievances,  bearing  directly  or 
indirectly  upon  the  introduction  into  the  pulpit  of  the  English 
language  in  the  person  of  Mr.  Laidlie.  The  sixth  article  was  as 
follows  :  "  That  the  catechising  in  the  Dutch  language  is  forbidden 
by  one  of  the  elders,  alleging  it  ivas  a  detriment  to  Mr.  Leadly. 
And  Mr.  Leadly  has  forbidden  Mr.  Leydecker  (who  was  qualified 
for  that  business)  to  catechise,  and  say'd  that  the  Consistory  did 
not  approve  of  it. "  The  seventh  states  "that  the  Dutch  school 
is  not  taken  care  of  by  the  Rulers,  to  the  total  Ruin  of  the  Dutch 
Education." 

The  Rev.  John  Ritzema,  in  the  name  and  by  the  order  of 
Consistory,  addressed  to  his  Excellency  an  answer  to  the  Remon- 
strance, in  which  he  sets  the  whole  matter  before  the  Governor 
and  Council  in  its  true  light,  and  ably  vindicates  the  action  of 
Consistory.  The  following  extract  disposes  of  the  charges  which 
refer  to  the  school  : 

The  sixth  article  alleges  that  catechising  in  the  Dutch  language  was  forbid 
by  one  of  the  elders,  as  also  by  Mr.  Laidlie  ;  this  is  not  true,  and  if  it  was,  the 
complainants  must  know  that  no  one  member  of  our  Consistory  has  a  right  to 
forbid  anything.  Mr.  Leydecker  never  was  appointed  by  the  Consistory  to 
catechise  in  our  Congregation,  and  is  therefore  not  qualified  ;  though  one 
Adrian  Van  Dersnian  %  was  so  appointed  ;  but  on  finding  him  a  man  of  very 
immoral  behavior,  having  forged  the  hand-writing  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ritzema 
and  others  ;  wrote  and  subscribed  letters  directed  to  the  Synod  of  North 
Holland,  recommending  himself  as  a  proper  person  for  the  Ministry,  by  which 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Ritzema  at  that  time  suflered  much  in  his  character.  On  the 
discovery  of  this  fact  the  Consistory  thought  proper  to  discharge  him  from  that 
office,  and  immediately  appointed  another  in  his  stead  ;  since  which  he  has 
been  upheld  and  supported  by  Mr.  Hardenbrook's  Party. 

In  answer  to  the  seventh  article,  "That  the  Dutch  School  is  not  taken 
care  of,  to  the  Ruin  of  the  Dutch  Education,"  we  say  that  we  have  at  present, 
and  for  twelve  years  last  past,  have  employed  Mr.  Welp,  who  was  sent  for 
to  Holland  as  a  schoolmaster  and  catechist  ;  he  keeps  a  school  constantly 
open,  receives  payment  from  tts  for  teaching  tlie  poor  children  of  the  congre- 

*  Ante^  pp.  37. 

t  This  last-named  individual  was  he  who  was  the  schoolmaster  from  1743 
to  1749.  This  remonstrance  having  failed  of  its  oliject,  he  withdrew  and  con- 
nected himself  with  the  English  Church. 

\  Ante,  p.  48. 


54  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

gation,  to  the  number  of  thirty,  which  number  never  was  completed.  He  is 
a  person  very  well  qualified  to  catechise  and  teach  a  school,  and  we  pay  him 
a  very  handsome  salary  for  his  service  ;  insomuch  that  his  place  is  coveted  by 
others.  It  has  been  insinuated  to  some  of  our  congregation  that  if  Mr.  Van- 
dersman  could  be  restored  as  a  catechist,  and  Mr.  Stoutenburgh  have  Mr. 
Welp's  place,  all  would  be  well.  The  first  cannot  be  done,  from  the  charac- 
ter above  given  ;  the  latter  cannot  in  honor  be  agreed  to,  as  Mr.  Welp  is, 
beyond  all  comparison,  better  qualified,  and  was  encouraged  to  come  from 
Holland  by  the  then  Ruling  Consistory. 

It  is  observed,  moreover, 

That  the  Protest  was  wrote  by  Mr.  Stoutenburgh,  and  all  the  names  sub- 
scribed in  his  own  hand-writing,  and  some  of  the  same  persons  twice  men- 
tioned. It  never  appeared  to  the  Consistory  that  Mr.  Stoutenburgh  had  any 
directions  from  the  people  whose  names  he  put  down,  and  some  of  them 
denied  that  they  ever  had  given  him  any. 

This  answer  was  dated  23d  September,  and  on  November  11, 
it  was  read  in  Council,  and  an  Order  made  dismissing  the  Pelilion 
0/ the  Remonstrants.^ 

Sept.  II,  1769. — The  Deacons  requested  that  the  catechists 
in  the  Dutch  and  English  languages,  to  wit,  Welp  and  Van 
Antwerp  be  discharged,  because  they  could  not,  without  injury 
to  the  poor,  raise  the  sum  of  ^31  to  pay  them  both  : 

Resolved — Both  should  continue  ;  and,  in  case  of  need,  application  should 
be  made  to  the  Elders. 

April  30,  1770.  —  Mr.  Welp  asks  £10  for  his  wife,  for  the 
use  of  the  room  for  the  Consistory  : 

Resolved— 'Wi'dX  the  Deacons  pay  this  amount ;  also,  that  Mr.  Welp's 
appointment  for  a  time  as  Visitor  of  the  Sick  and  Catechist,  with  an  added 
salary  of  £,\t,  cease,  as  he  is  not  in  a  condition  (owing  to  bodily  infirmity)  to 
bear  the  burden  ;  and  the  more  as  the  Consistory  makes  no  use  of  him  in  these 
offices. 

RITZEMA,  Praes. 

April  27,  1772. — The  Praeses  (Lambertus  De  Ronde)  had 
in  hand  a  letter  to  the  Consistory,  signed  by  Messrs.  Richard 
Bancker,  Abram  Brasher  and  Cornelius  Low,  in  the  name  of 
some  charitable  members  of  our  church,  proffering  to  the  Con- 
sistory a  sum  of  5  and  ']o£  eight  shillings,  as  the  beginning  of 
a  Fund  for  the  erection  and  maintenance  of  a  Public  School  to 
be  set  up  by  the  Consistory. 

This  charity  was  received  with  thanksgiving,  and  it  was — 

Resolved— 'Wi'o.'f.  the  money  should  be  applied  to  no  other  use,  and  that  the 
Praeses  and  Dominie  Laidlie  should  thank  the  donoi-s  in  the  name  of  the 
Consistory. 

Further— That  this  sum  be  given  to  the  Treasurer,  Bancker,  and  be  put  at 
interest  for  the  purpose  stated, f 

•  Vide  Remonstrance  and  Reply  in  full.  Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  iii.  5 1 1,  et  stq. 
t  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  382. 


FROM    1664    TO    1776.  55 

Jan.  21,  1773. — Mr.  Welp  having  deceased,  the  Deacons  ask 
Consistory  if  they  should  pay  the  salary  of  the  laie  Mr.  Welp  up 
to  this  day  : 

Resolved — That,  since  his  son  has  hitherto  provided  for  the  foresinging, 
the  full  sum  of  £6  loj.  (jd.  shall  be  given  him. 

2nd. — Whether  the  payment  for  the  Consistory  Chambers 
shall  now  continue  : 

Resolved — That,  as  Mr.  Welp  owes  a  note  of  ^20— advanced  to  him  by 
the  Deacons,  January  21,  1771,  to  be  deducted  from  his  salary  when  due— of 
which  _;^5  are  still  due,  which  would  be  discharged  by  twice  fifty  shillings, 
ending  with  May,  1773,  the  note  should  be  surrendered  as  paid,  and  hence- 
forth no  rent  be  paid  for  the  Consistory  Chamber. 

3rd. — Deacons  to  pay  expenses  of  his  funeral. 

4th. — Shall  Anthony  Welp  continue  in  the  service.? 

To  continue  until  further  notice,  and  receive,  for  each  Sunday,  four  shil- 
lings ;  and  also  have  the  recording  of  the  children  in  the  Old  Church. 

He  shall  give  place  if  Dominie  Ritzema  wishes  to  try  any  one  else  in  the 
exercise  of  his  gifts. 

The  widow  and  family  shall  remain  in  the  Church  house  until  May,  1773, 
without  charge. 

May  24.  — The  widow  of  Mr.  Nicholas  Welp  shall  receive 
from  Consistory  £io  for  her  yearly  support. 

Sept.  16.  — She  requested  that  the  support  promised  might 
be  given,  and  to  know  from  whom  she  should  receive  it. 

Resolved — That  it  be  paid  to  her  every  quarter,  from  May  i,  by  the 
Treasurer,  Bancker. 

J.  RITZEMA,  p.  t.  Praes.* 

177^. — The  expectations  created  by  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Welp  were  fully  realized.  For  more  than  seventeen  years  his 
duties  as  schoolmaster  and  chorister  were  faithfully  and  satisfac- 
torily performed,  when,  yielding  to  the  mandate  from  on  high, 
his  labors  of  love  and  usefulness  were  closed. 

The  English  language  (introduced  into  the  pulpit  just  nine 
years  previously)  having  now  become  cjuite  prevalent,  regard  was 
had  to  this  in  the  selection  of  his  successor. 

March  19,  a  proposition  was  offered  to  the  Consistory,  relating 
to  a  new  schoolmaster  in  the  place  of  the  deceased,  Mr.  Welp, 
which  was  taken  into  mature  deliberation.  This  proposition  was 
in  the  following  words  : 

Inasmuch  as  Mr.  Nicholas  Welp,  who  was  our  Free  School  xw\?\cx ,  is  deceased, 
and  it  is  highly  necessary  that  another  schoolmaster  should  be  appointed  to 
instruct  thirty  poor  children  in  reading,  'writini;,  and  arithmetic,  as  7vell  as 
in  both  the  English  and  Dutch   languages,  and    as  in  the  meantime,   after 

•  Con.  Min.  under  date. 


56  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

inquiry,  a  suitable  person  has  been  found  in  the  person  of  Mr.  Peter  Van 
Steenburgh,  who  is  qualified  to  teach  in  both  languages ;  and,  as  the 
present  school-house  and  Consistory-chamber  *  is  so  far  decayed  that  it  cannot 
stand  much  longer,  it  is  therefore  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the  Con- 
sistory whether  it  is  not  advisable  to  pull  down  the  school -house  now  standing, 

and  erect  a  new  one, more  feet  in  breadth  and feet  more  in  length 

than  the  present ;  and  also  to  erect  a  second  story  above  it  for  a  Consistory- 
chamber,  and  a  free  room  for  catechising,  and  the  new  school-building  to  be 
under  one  roof  with  the  dwelling-house,  and  to  be  a  frame  building  with  a 
brick  front.  This  can  be  done  before  the  schoolmaster  be  ready  to  enter  upon 
his  labors.  If  the  Consistory  should  deem  it  necessary  to  call  the  above- 
named  schoolmaster,  it  is  then  submitted  to  them  whether  the  following  will 
not  prove  an  adequate  salary. 

Here  follow  the  six  articles  of  stipulation,  which  will  be  found 
in  the  call  made  to  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh. 

The  Consistory  immediately  resolved  to  carry  the  above 
proposition  into  execution,  "as  being  the  best  which,  in  present 
circumstances,  can  be  devised." 

It  was  further  resolved  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to 
prepare  a  call,  according  to  the  above  proposition,  on  Mr.  Van 
Steenburgh  for  one.  The  President  and  the  elders,  A.  P.  Lott, 
Brinckerhoff,  Rapelye  and  Diiryee,  were  appointed  said  committee. 
The  elders,  Brinckerhoff,  and  Duychingh,  and  Beekman,'\  and  the 
deacons,  AbeelX  and  Hoffman,  were  appointed  a  committee  for 
the  building  of  a  new  school-house.  § 

CALL  II  of  the  Consistory  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  New  York  on 
Mr.  Peter  Van  Steenburgh,  at  present  schoolmaster  at  Flatbiish,  on  Long 
Island  : 
On  account  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Nicholas  Welp,  schoolmaster  of  the  Dutch  con- 
gregation at  New  York,  the  school  is  broken  up,  on  which  account  the  children 
of  the  poor  of  our  Congregation  are  destitute  of  necessary  instmction  ;  and  as 
daily  experience  teaches  us  that  the  English  language  in  this  land  gains  such 
prevalence,  that  the  Low  Dutch  language  is  continually  diminished,  and 
grows  out  of  use,  the  Consistory  of  New  York  have  therefore  deemed  it  proper 
to  call  a  person  who  is  qualified  to  instruct  and  educate  the  Children  in  the 
English  as  well  as  the  L>utch  language  ;  thus  opening  the  way  to  induce  the 
children  of  the  poor  of  our  congregation  to  receive  instruction  in  the  language 
which  they  or  their  parents  may  choose.  The  Consistory,  having  heard  many 
favorable  testimonials  of  your  gifts  and  qualifications,  and  also  having  seen 
some  proofs  thereof,  have  unanimously  agreed  that  you  were  a  proper  person 
to  whom  a  call  should  be  presented  ;  and,  learning  that  you  are  favorably 
disposed  to  undertake  the  service  of  schoolmaster,  if  an  adequate  support 
should  be  given,  they  have  resolved  to  make  a  call  upon  you  ;  and  they 
hereby  call  you  to  instruct  the  children  of  the  poor  of  the  congregation,  here- 
after named,  both  in  the  English  and  Dutch  languages,  as  may  be  required  to 

*  Erected,  1 748. 

t  Member  Com.  Coun.  for  nine  years.     \'al.  Man.  1850,  225,  et  seq. 

\  Memlser  Com.  Coun.  for  six  years.     Val.  Man.  1850,  222,  et  seq. 

§  This  second  school-house  was  erected,  1773,  on  the  site  of  the  former 
one  ;  but,  being  larger,  its  front  was  nearer  the  line  of  the  street.  It  was 
built  by  Mr.  Anthony  Post,  an  elder  in  the  Dutch  Church. 

II  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  393. 


FROM    1664    TO    1776.  57 

teach  them  reading,  writing,  and  arithnutic,  also  the  questions  in  the  Heidel- 
bergh  Catechism,  or  such  other  as  is  conformable  to  the  doctrine  ef  our  Low 
Dutch  Church,  The  scholars  are  to  be  instructed  and  exercised  therein  at  least 
once  a  week.  The  school  is  to  be  opened  every  morning,  and  also  closed,  with 
prayer,  that  all  may  be  conducted  with  order  and  to  edification,  and  prove  a  good 
example  to  all  present.    We  promise  to  pay  you,  for  the  service  thus  rendered, 

First  —  For  the  instruction  of  thirty  poor  children  in  the  Low  Dutch  or 
English  language,  as  above  stated,  in  reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic,  the 
fourth  part  of  which  shall  be  paid  every  three  months,  £,^. 

Second — Firewood  for  one  year,  ^^8 

Third— Books,  paper,  ink,  quills,  etc.,  for  one  year,  ^5. 

Fourth^For  taking  care  of  and  cleaning  the  Consistory  and  catechising 
chamber,  and  the  making  of  fires  and  lighting  when  required,  ^8. 

N.  B.    The  wood  and  candles  for  the  same  shall  be  furnished  by  the  deacons. 

Fifth— For  your  encouragement  you  shall  have  a  dwelling-house  and 
garden  free,  and  also  a  good  room  for  the  school. 

Sixth— It  shall  be  allowed  to  you  to  instruct  as  many  other  children  as 
may  offer  themselves  to  you,  but  not  beyond  the  number  of  thirty,  and  also 
to  keep  an  evening  school. 

This,  our  agreement  with  you,  shall,  according  to  your  request,  be  for  one 
year,  reckoning  from  the  ist  day  of  June  next.  If,  then,  it  shall  not  be 
agreeable  to  you  to  continue  longer  our  schoolmaster,  you  shall  l^e  obligated 
to  give  notice  to  Consistory  three  months  l^efore  the  expiration  of  your  labors, 
that  they  may  during  that  time  provide  another  teacher  ;  and  if,  then,  the 
Consistory  should  te  satisfied  with  your  instruction  and  service,  and  be  de- 
sirous that  you  should  longer  continue  our  schoolmaster,  further  stipulations 
may  then  lie  made.  We  hope  the  above  offer  will  meet  with  your  appro- 
bation. Wishing  you  and  your  family  all  prosperity  and  blessing,  we  remain, 
with  great  respect. 

In  the  name,  and  by  the  order,  of  the  Consistory, 
Vour  servants, 

ARCH.  LAIDLIE,  p.  t.  Pres. 
JACOB  DURYEE, 
GERRIT  RAPELYE,* 
ABRAHAM  P.  LOTT,t 
DIRCK  BRINCKERHOFF.I 

This  call,  which  was  accepted  by  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh,  was 
dated  March  20,  1773. 

On  the  6th  of  August  following,  the  newly  built  school-house 
was  ready  for  the  reception  of  school-children,  and  Mr.  Van 
Steenburgh  entered  upon  his  duties. 

Nov.  27,  1773. — Consistoiy  held,  after  calling  on  God's  name. 

The  account  was  presented  for  the  new  school-house,  with  its  dependencies, 
amounting  to  ;^856  15^^.  I>^</.,  on  which  already  had  been  paid  by  the 
Treasurer,  Hancker,  ^^554  l-f-  \yzd.,  leaving  a  remainder  of  f^^oz  X^s.  ()d.\ 
and  Mr.  Bancker  was  ordered  to  take  up  for  the  Church  so  much  money  as 
should  be  rerjuired  to  pay  off  the  workmen  and  other  necessary  claims.§ 

J.  RITZEMA,  p.  t.  Pr.veses. 

•  Member  Com.  Coun.  for  three  years.     Val.  Man.  1850,  220. 
t  Member  Com.  Coun.  for  eight  years.     Val.  Man.  1850,  221. 
X  Member  Com.  Coun.  for  five  years.     Val.  Man.  1850,  220. 
^  Con.  Min.,  Lib.  B.  403. 
E2 


58  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

For  three  years,  in  the  midst  of  intense  public  excitement, 
the  school  continued  its  operations  under  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh, 
when,  by  force  of  uncontrollable  circumstances,  it  was  obliged 
to  disband. 

Opposition  to  those  measures  which  eventually  led  to  a 
rupture  with  the  mother-country  was  nowhere  more  strongly 
manifested  than  in  New  York.  Here  the  Provincial  Congress 
met  (1765),  and  passed  the  famous  Declaration  of  Rights.  Here 
the  stamped  paper  had  been  destroyed,  and  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  hung  in  effigy  (1765).  The  Assembly  had  refused  to 
provide  quarters  and  provisions  for  such  troops  as  England 
wished  to  march  into  the  colony  (1767)  ;  and  on  the  arrival  of  a 
cargo  of  tea  (1773,  the  year  of  Van  Steenburgh's  appointment) 
the  "Sons  of  Liberty,"  a  formidable  organization,  destroyed  it. 
These,  and  other  like  measures,  when  the  crisis  arrived,  led  to 
the  early  subjugation  of  the  city,  which,  as  the  headquarters  of 
the  British  army,  was  under  martial  law.  Many  of  the  citizens 
fled  to  neighboring  places.  All  the  churches  and  schools  were 
closed,  and  naught  was  heard  save  the  accidents  of  war. 

RECAPITULATION. 

The  disseveration  of  the  Dutch  Church  from  the  Colonial 
Government,  the  absence  of  Consistorial  records,  and  there  being 
no  newspapers  as  yet  established,  the  information  respecting  the 
school  for  several  years  after  the  capitulation  is  necessarily  very 
limited  ;  but,  identified  with  the  Dutch  Church  as  an  institution 
of  long-cherished  inheritance,  she  could  not  dispense  with  it, 
without  the  violation  of  principles  and  feelings  totally  incom- 
patible with  her  constitution  and  aims.  The  testimony  of  its 
existence  by  the  Roman  Catholic,  Dongan,  and  by  some  of  the 
Episcopal  governors,  who  strenuously  promoted  the  extension  of 
their  own  denominational  peculiarities,  so  much  so  as  to  call  for 
decided  action  on  the  part  of  Consistory,  when  attempts  were 
made  under  the  guise  of  authority,  even  in  the  face  of  chartered 
privileges,  to  suppress  or  control  it,  is  not  only  strongly  infer- 
ential, but  of  a  decidedly  positive  character. 

1 66 1. — Evert  Pietersen  Keteltas  appointed  schoolmaster,  clerk, 
chorister  and  visitor  of  the  sick,  was  still  teaching,  although  in- 
firm, Dec.  16,  1686,  and  it  is  highly  probable  that  he  continued 
to  teach  until  1687 — twenty-three  years  after  the  capitulation. 

1705. — Upon  the  existence  of  a  vacancy.  Lord  Cornbury 
claimed  the  right  of  appointing  the  schoolmaster,  notwithstand- 
ing the  clause  in  the  incorporation-act  of  William  III.  (1696), 
reserving  this  right  to  the  ministers  and  Consistory.  This  claim 
led  to  a  meeting  of  the  Great  Consistory,  who  determined  to  pre- 
serve their  chartered  privileges  inviolate. 


FROM    1664    TO    1776,  59 

January  i,  1726. — ^ar(?«/ /?^ /br^(?>r/,  schoolmaster,  until  De- 
cember, 1732. 

June  I,  1733. — Gerrilt  Van  Wagenen,  foresinger,  schoolmaster 
and  visitor  of  the  sick.  School  at  the  corner  of  Marketfield  and 
Broad  streets.  Deceased  1743,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
Huybert  Van  Wagenen,  who  resigned  April,  1749. 

1743. — The  population  having  extended  "far  uptown,"  the 
Deacons  opened  a  School  in  Cortlandt  Street,  of  which  Abraham 
De  Lanoy  was  appointed  teacher.  He  commenced  with  ten 
scholars,  receiving  from  Consistory,  in  quarterly  payments,  the 
amount  of  money  and  firewood  which  Mr.  Huybert  Van  Wage- 
nen received  for  the  same  number.  This  branch  school  was  still 
in  existence  about  1763,  and  probably  continued  until  the  British 
took  possession  of  the  city  in  1776.  The  catechetical  instruction 
in  the  Garden  Street  Church  was  attended  to  by  Mr.  Huybert 
Van  Wagenen,  and  in  the  Middle  Church  by  Mr.  De  La  Noy. 

1748. — The  first  school  and  dwelling-house  for  the  teacher 
were  built  in  Garden  Street,  opposite  the  church. 

April  I,  1749. — Daniel  Bratt,  schoolmaster  and  chorister  in 
the  Middle  Church.  He  had  twelve  free  scholars,  six  in  reading 
and  six  in  writing,  for  which  he  received  £\2  \os.  and  a  load  of 
wood  for  each  scholar,  annually,  half  nut  and  half  oak.  For  his 
services  as  chorister,  he  received  ;^  12  \os.  and  fees  for  entering 
baptisms.      Removed  by  Consistory  in  1755. 

1 75 1. — Adrian  Van  Dersman,  visitor  of  the  sick  and  cate- 
chiser  ;  removed  by  Consistory  previous  to  1767. 

1755. — John  Nicholas  Welp  was  called  from  Holland  as  school- 
master and  chorister  in  the  Old  Church.  He  had  twenty  scholars 
and  a  salary  of  ;^8o,  and  the  use  of  dwelling-house.  Deceased 
In  1773. 

1767. — Complaint  made  to  the  Governor  by  certain  parties 
respecting  the  management  of  the  school,  and  the  introduction 
therein  of  the  English  language  ;  which  complaint  was  dismissed. 

June  I,  1773. — Peter  Van  Steenburgh,  who  had  been  school- 
master at  Flatbush  since  1762,  succeeds  Mr.  Nicholas  Welp 
(whereupon  Anthony  Welp,  who  had  assisted  his  father  as  fore- 
singer,  was  appointed  master  of  the  school  at  Flatbush,  where 
he  continued  until  1776).  Reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic 
taught  in  both  languages.  The  school  and  dwelling-house  rebuilt  ; 
the  Consistory-chamber  and  catechising-room  occupying  the 
second  floor.  Number  of  pupils,  thirty.  Salary,  same  as  Mr. 
Welp's.  He  had  the  privilege  of  receiving  thirty  pay  scholars, 
and  of  teaching  evening  school.  On  the  arrival  of  the  British 
army,  in  1776,  the  school  disbanded.  We  have  now  lost  sight 
of  the  Krank-besoecker,  the  Voorsanger,  and  the  Voorleeser. 


6o  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 


ADDITIONAL  FACTS 

CONNECTED     WITH     EDUCATION     IN     NEW-YORK,    WHILE     UNDER     THE 
ADMINISTRATION    OF   THE    ENGLISH.* 

1673. — The  Latin  school,  established  by  the  Dutch  in  1659, 
and  which  was  so  successful  under  the  management  of  ^gidius 
Luyck,  was  sustained  by  the  English  authorities  for  eight  years, 
when  it  was  closed.      In  1673  Luyck  was  appointed  a  Schepen. 

1674. — Matthew  Hillyer  licensed  to  teach  by  "The  Worship- 
full  the  Mayor  and  Alldermen  of  this  Citty  of  New  Yorke. " 

August  25,  1676. — The  privilege  continued  to  Hillyer  and  a 
license  granted  to  Ebenezer  Kirtland. 

1685. — Y2ii\\QX  Henry  Harrison,  S.J. ;  1686-7,  Father  C^ar/^j 
Gage,  S.J. ,  teachers  in  a  Latin  School,  set  up  during  the  ad- 
ministration of  Governor  Dongan. 

About  1690-1. — David  Jamison,  from  Scotland,  taught  a 
Latin  School  for  a  brief  period. 

1696-7. — David  Vilant,  by  permission  of  the  Mayor  and 
Aldermen,  kept  a  school  in  the  publick  Citty  Hall. 

1698.  — Alexander  Paxton  and  Johannes  Schanck  taught  school. 

1 70 1. — Robert  Parki7ison. 

1702. — An  act  passed  by  the  Generall  Assembly  of  this  Province 
for  the  encouragement  of  a  Free  Grammar  School,  to  be  built  on 
the  King's  farm.  The  first  teacher  thereof  was  George  Muirson, 
who  was  appointed  by  Lord  Cornbury,  Aprill  Twenty-ffifth,  1704. 

Jan.  22,  1705. — ^«</r(fz/^  C/ar/^^  was  appointed  to  succeed  him. 
The  Records  furnish  no  further  information  respecting  the  School. 

1702. — Peter  Bontecon  zxvdi  John  Sehvood  i^xwaXt  schoolmasters. 

1703. — John  Stevens  2LXi6i  Dati  Twaites,  schoolmasters.  An- 
drew ffoucautt  Im powered  to  teach  an  English  and  ffrench  school, 
as  alsoe  ye  art  of  Writeing,  Arethmetick,  &c. 

1704.  —  William  Vesey,  Episcopal  Missionary,  opened  a  cate- 
chising school  for  blacks,  with  Elias  Neau  as  catechist,  from 
August  24,  1704. 

August  29,  1705.  — Mr.  Prudent  De  La  Fayole  was  licensed 
to  keep  a  French  school. 

1706. — Lord  Cornbury  "  authorized  and  Impowered  Mr.  James 
Jeffray  to  Keep  and  Teach  School  within  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  to  Instruct  all  children  with  whom  he  Should  be  intrusted  in 
the  art  of  Writing  and  Arithmetick  for  and  During  his  Pleasure." 

*  Culled  mainly  from  New  Amsterdam  Records ;  MSS.  Records  in  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  Albany  ;  History  of  Trinity  Church,  by  Rev. 
William  Berrian,  D.D.;  Valentine's  Hist.  N.  Y.  and  Manual  for  1863  ;  Wat- 
son's Annals  ;  and  from  advertisements  in  the  newspapers  of  the  last  century. 


FROM    1664    TO    1776.  61 

1709. — The  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts  appointed  William  Huddlestone  (clerk  of  Trinity 
Church)  the  first  schoolmaster  of  the  Episcopal  Church  School. 
Deceased  1723,  and  was  succeeded  in  both  offices  by  his  son, 
Thomas  Huddlestone.  1731-1741,  Thomas  Noxon.  1 741-1777, 
Thomas  Hildreth.  1 777-1 781,  Amos  Bull.  Instruction  in  the 
Catechisms  of  the  Church  was  statedly  imparted  to  the  pupils  by 
persons  well  qualified  to  inculcate  the  principles  of  Divine 
Truth.  The  earliest  Catechists  were  Elias  Neau,  1 709-1 722  ; 
Rev.  James  We/more,  1 724-1726  ;  Rev.  Thomas  Colgan,  1726- 
1731  ;  Rev.  Mr.  Charlton,  1 731 -174 7;  Rev.  Samuel  Auchmuty, 
1747-1764. 

This  school  has  received  from  Trinity  Church  over  $60,000  in 
money  and  in  real  estate,  which  is  now  very  valuable.  In  1800 
it  was  endowed  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  Trustees,  who  in 
1806  received  an  act  of  Incorporation  from  the  Legislature  of 
New  York. 

It  was  known  as  the  "Episcopal  Charity  School  "  from  1748 
to  1826  ;  subsequently,  as  the  New  York  Protestant  Episcopal 
Public  School,  and  since  1845  ^s  the  Trinity  School. 

In  1748  the  first  School-house  was  built  on  Rector  Street,  west 
of  Broadway. 

In  1832  Trinity  Church  granted  to  the  Trustees  at  a  nominal 
rent  a  lease  of  five  lots  of  ground  on  Canal,  Varick,  and  Grand 
streets,  on  which  was  erected  a  commodious  school-house. 

Rev.  William  Morris,  who  was  the  Rector  of  the  School  for 
about  a  quarter  of  a  century,  resigned  in  1857,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Charles  D' Urban  Morris,  M.  A.,  who  was  superseded  in  1863 
by  the  present  Rector,  Rev.  Robert  Holden.  The  School  is  lo- 
cated at  present  at  No.  15 17  Broadway. 

1 71 2. — Allane  Jarratt,  having  applied  for  a  "  Lycence  to  teach 
Writeing,  Arithmetick,  Navigation  and  other  parts  of  the  Mathe- 
maticks,"  his  application  was  granted  in  due  form,  as  follows  : 

By  His  Excellency  Robert  Hunter,  Esq.,  etc. 

To  Allane  Jarratt,  Gentleman,  Greeting  :  Being  assured  of  your 
experience  and  Knowledge  in  ye  practice  of  ye  art  of  Navigation  and  of  all 
parts  of  the  Mathematicks,  I  doe  hereby  authorize  and  Inipower  you  to  Teach 
writeing,  arithmetick,  navigation,  and  other  parts  of  matliematicks,  to  all  such 
persons  as  shall  be  desirous  to  be  Instnicted  therein  within  this  City  or  province 
of  New  York  for  and  during  my  plexsure. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  Seale  at  Fort  Anne,  in  New  York,  ye  ffourth 
day  of  July,  in  ye  Eleaventh  yeare  of  ye  reigne  of  our  Soveraigne,  Lady  Anne, 
by  ye  grace  of  (iod  of  (ireat  Hrittaine,  tTrance  and  Ireland,  (^)ueene.  Defender 
of  ye  ffaith,  &c.     Annoque,  D.  M.  1712. 

R.  O.  HUNTER. 
By  His  Excellencie's  command, 

J.  WiLEMAN,  D,  Secretary. 


62  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

1 71 5. — John  Conrad  Codwise,  private  Schoolmaster. 
1 72 1. — Geo.  Browning  2Lnd  Wf/i.  Glover,   do. 

1723.  — John    Walto7i,  do. 

1724.  — Jonalhaft  Sherer,  do. 

1725.  — Peier  Finch,  do. 
1728. — Edward  Gatehouse,  Writing  Master. 

1730. — James  Lyde  coxnmtncQ^iX  to  teach  "  evening  school  at 
the  Custom  House  in  a  room  conveniently  fitted  up  for  the 
purpose." 

1 73 1. — George  Browtiell,  near  the  Custom  House,  taught 
"Reading,  Writing,  Ciphering,  Merchants'  Accounts,  Latin, 
Greek,  &c. ;  also  Dancing,  Plain-work,  Flourishing,  Imbroidery, 
and  various  Sorts  of  Works. " 

1732. — The  first  free  school  was  established  by  law  for  teach- 
ing the  Latin  and  Greek,  and  practical  branches  of  mathematics. 
Mr.  Alexander  Malcolm,  of  Aberdeen,  was  appointed  Principal, 
at  £/^o  per  annum.  At  the  end  of  seven  years  it  was  discon- 
tinued. 

1732.  —  William  Thurston,  Schoolmaster,  at  the  Corner-House 
by  Koentie's  Market,  over  against  the  Skotch  Arms. 

1735. — Peter  Stoutenburgh  and  Daniel  Shatjord. 

1736. — Joh7i  Cavelier,  private  schoolmaster. 

1737.  —  Charles  Henley,  do. 

1739.  —  Walter  Hetherington,    do. 

1 740.  —  Thomas  A  lien,  do. 
1 74  2,  — Edward  Marriner,       do. 

1744. — Charles  Johnston  advertised  to  teach  Writing,  Arith- 
metick  and  Latin. 

1746. — Malcolm  Ca?npbell,      \ 

1747. — Archibald  McEwen,    >•  Private  schoolmasters. 

1748. — Joseph  Hildreth,  ) 

1748. — Cornelius  Lynch  taught  writing,  arithmetic,  vulgar  and 
decimal  fractions,  navigation,  gauging,  surveying,  dialling,  men- 
suration, and  merchants'  accounts,  in  Stone  Street. 

George  Gordon  taught  book-keeping,  next  the  French  Church. 

1749. — Benjamin  Leigh,  Broad  street,  near  the  Long  Bridge  ; 
Thomas  Evatis,  shoemaker,  near  the  new  dock,  reading,  writing, 
and  arithmetic. 

1750. — By  the  Governors  permission,  a  benefit  was  given  the 
Episcopal  school,  at  the  theatre  in  Nassau  Street. 

Charles  Dutens,  teacher  of  French,  and  jeweller,  in  a  long  ad- 
vertisement, full  of  self-conceit  and  egotism,  and  bountifully  in- 
terlarded with  Latin  phrases,  proclaimed  that  he  taught  a  school, 
"  for  the  use  of  young  ladies  and  gentlemen,  whose  love  of  learn- 
ing might  incline  them  to  take  lessons  from  him  in  French,  at 
his  house,  on  Broad  Street,  near  the  Long  Bridge,  where  he  also 


FROM    1664    TO    1776.  63 

makes  and  vends  finger  and  earrings,  solitaires,  stay-hooks  and 
lockets,  and  sets  diamonds,  rubies,  and  other  stones.  Science 
and  virtue  are  two  sisters,  which  the  most  part  of  the  New  York 
ladies  possess,"  &c. 

1 7  5 1 .  — John  Nathan  Hutchins. 

1752. — Thomas  Alkfi,  near  Alderman  Cortlandt's. 

Robert  Leith,  Wall  street. 

July  6,  40  boys  and  12  girls.  Episcopal  charity  scholars,  were 
present  at  the  consecration  of  St.  George's  Chapel. 

1753. — John  Lewis,  Broad  street,  near  Long  Bridge,  and  Gar- 
ret Noel. 

1757. — Richard  R.  Smith,  Nicholas  Barringtoti  and  Thomas 
Clark,  taught  private  schools  in  Maiden  lane. 

Edivard  Willetts,  day  and  night  school,  Broadway. 

First  notice  of  charity  sermon  at  Trinity  Church.  Collection 
taken  to  clothe  the  children,  and  suitable  anthem  sung. 

1762. — Thomas  Jackso7i,  Latin  and  Greek,  head  of  New  Street, 
opposite  Presbyterian  Church. 

William  Clajon,  teacher  of  French,  Beaver  street. 

1765. — Henry  Peckwell. 

1768. — John  Young. 

1770. — Stephen  Van  Voor his  zaA  Jacob  Tyler. 

1773. — Thomas  Byerly  opened  an  English  grammar-school. 

1774.  — James  Gilleland. 

^777- — Charity  sermon  at  St.  George's  Chapel.  Fifty-six 
boys  and  thirty  girls  ;  reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic  taught, 
and  needle-work  to  the  girls.      Mr.  Wood,  teacher. 

1793. — Episcopal  school-house,  built  near  and  for  St,  Paul's 
Church. 

Vanbombeler  was  the  last  schoolmaster  who  taught  in  the 
Dutch  language  exclusively,  about  the  year  1785. 


CHAPTER    IV. 

HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL  OF    THE   REFORMED    DUTCH    CHURCH,   FROM 
1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME. 

During  the  Revolutionary  War  New  York  was  the  head- 
quarters of  the  British  power  in  America,  and  here  the  most 
important  schemes  for  operations  against  the  patriots  were  planned 
and  put  in  motion.  The  municipal  government  was  overthrown, 
martial  law  prevailed,  and  the  business  of  the  city  degenerated 
almost  into  the  narrow  operations  of  suttling.  Many  of  the 
residents  left  the  city,  and  their  deserted  houses  were  taken  pos- 
session of  by  the  officers  of  the  army  and  the  refugee  loyalists. 
Barracks  and  entrenchments  were  erected  from  Corlaer's  Hook 
and  on  the  line  of  Chambers  Street  to  the  North  River.  Five 
thousand  American  prisoners  were  confined  in  the  jails,  sugar- 
houses,  and  dissenting  churches  of  the  city.  For  about  two 
months  several  hundred  prisoners  were  huddled  together  in  the 
Middle  Dutch  Church,  when  they  were  removed,  and  it  was  con- 
verted into  a  riding-school.  The  North  Church  contained  eight 
hundred  prisoners,  it  having  been  floored  over  from  gallery  to 
gallery.  The  mahogany  pulpit  was  carefully  removed,  sent  to 
London,  and  placed  in  a  chapel  there  ;  the  pews  were  used  for 
fuel.  A  theatre  was  established  ;  tennis-courts  and  other  kinds 
of  amusements  were  introduced,  and  for  seven  years  the  city  re- 
mained a  prey  to  the  licentiousness  of  strong  and  idle  detach- 
ments of  a  well-provided  army.  To  add  to  these  evils,  in  Sept., 
1776,  four  hundred  and  ninety-three  houses,  located  between 
Whitehall  Slip  and  Cortlandt  Street,  and  from  the  North  to  the 
East  rivers,  were  consumed  by  fire — 'Trinity  and  the  Lutheran 
Church  falling  a  prey;  and  again,  in  August,  1778,  three  hun- 
dred houses  were  consumed  in  the  neighborhood  of  Coenties 
Slip.  "  There  were  no  public-moneyed  or  charitable  institutions  ; 
no  banks  or  insurance  offices  ;  all  church  services  were  suspended  ; 
education  was  entirely  neglected,  and  the  schools  and  college 
closed."*  On  the  cessation  of  hostilities  the  scattered  inhabitants 
gradually  returned  ;  but  the  evils  of  war  were  protracted  long 
beyond  its  duration  ;  and  the  impoverished  inhabitants  as  well  as 
the  municipal  government  suffered  for  many  years  from  the  dis- 
astrous consequences  of  British  occupation. 

*  Lossing's    Field-Book  of   the    Revolution,  835,   836,    865.     Valentine's 
Man.  Com.  Coun.,  1852,  p.  435,  et  seq. 


FROM    1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  65 

Yet,  notwithstanding  this  sad  and  calamitous  state  of  affairs, 
both  public  and  private,  on  the  re-organization  of  Consistory, 
while  the  interiors  of  the  churches  were  still  in  a  dilapidated  con- 
dition, it  was 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Peter  Van  Steenburgh,  who  was  the  public  schoolmaster 
of  this  conrjregation  at  the  commencement  of  the  war,  and  is  again  returned  to 
this  city,  shall  be  considered  as  bound  by  his  former  call,  and  shall  have  per- 
mission to  dwell  in  the  school-house,  and  open  his  school  in  the  large  room 
built  for  that  purpose.* 

This  resolution  is  dated  September  7,  1783,  but  four  days 
subsequent  to  the  signing  of  the  treaty  of  peace  at  Paris.  Thus, 
while  the  British  still  remained  in  possession  of  the  city,  the 
school  was  re-organized  ;  the  evacuation  not  taking  place  till  the 
25th  of  November  following. 

March  22,  1784.  —  "It  was  ordered  that  the  number  of 
children  to  be  educated  by  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh,  as  charity 
scholars,  shall  be  restricted  to  ten."  f 

This  is  the  first  use  of  the  term  "  charity."  The  school,  from 
the  date  of  its  establishment  up  to  the  passage  of  the  last  resolu- 
tion, was  designated  as  the  Public,  Free,  or  Low  Dutch  School. 
Subsequent  to  the  war,  there  being  no  public  provision  for  the 
education  of  youth,  schools  were  established  in  connection  with 
the  different  religious  denominations.  These  depended  for  their 
support  upon  the  voluntary  contributions  of  church  members. 
The  Episcopal  Charity  School,  known  as  such  since  1748,  had 
received  many  valuable  legacies  from  individuals  in  that  com- 
munion, and  was  materially  aided  by  the  large  annual  collections 
of  the  Episcopal  churches.  These  facts  led  to  the  adoption  of 
the  term  "charity"  by  the  various  schools  organized,  as,  in  that 
day  of  general  poverty,  some  such  movement  was  necessary  in 
order  to  work  effectually  on  the  sympathies  of  the  people  ;  but, 
like  everything  adopted  upon  the  principle  of  availability,  in  the 
end  it  proved  most  disastrous  to  the  well-being  of  those  very 
institutions  for  whose  pecuniary  interests  its  use  was  originally 
introduced.  The  Episcopal  school  subsequently  discarded  the 
term,  and  became  a  chartered  institution  under  a  new  and  less 
repulsive  title.  Our  own  school,  dearly  loved  and  cherished  from 
principle,  \\\c>\x^\i  laboring  for  many  years  under  the  disadvantages 
arising  from  the  use,  under  the  sanction  of  custom,  of  the 
obnoxious  term,  still  exists,  though  it  cannot  be  denied  that  its 
usefulness,  from  this  cause,  in  days  that  are  past  was  seriously 
impaired. 

The  term  charity  may  be  as  appropriately  applied  to  Sabbath- 
schools  or  to  our  common  schools  as  to  church  schools  ;  yet  who 

•  Consist.  Rec,  anno  1783,  Lib.  G.  p.  3. 
t  Ibid,  anno  1784,  Lib.  G.  p.  16. 

F 


66  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

is  there  that  would  advocate  the  application  of  this  term  to  them  ? 
No  !  It  may  answer  for  other  latitudes  ;  but  there  is  that  in  it  so 
repugnant  to  the  republican  spirit  of  our  people  and  institutions, 
that  where  used  injudiciously  and  unnecessarily  in  connection  with 
any  institution,  it  so  wounds  those  fine  and  correct  sensibilities  of 
our  nature  that  even  the  necessitous  are  led  to  keep  aloof  from  it, 
lest  they  may  be  pointed  at  by  the  finger  of  derision. 

The  church  schools  that  sprung  into  existence  towards  the 
close  of  the  last  century  have  long  since  ceased  to  exist. 

The  period  succeeding  protracted  war  has  ever  constituted  the 
dark  days  of  religion  and  literature  ;  and  such  was  the  crippled 
condition  of  the  Collegiate  Church  at  this  time,  that  it  was  with 
difficulty  the  school  was  sustained.  As  yet,  no  fund  had  been 
instituted  for  its  support,  nor  had  collections  been  made  for  it  in 
the  churches  ;  and  as  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh  was  privileged  to 
have  //iir/y  pay  scholars,  exclusive  of  those  educated  by  the 
Church,  a  proposition  was  made  for  renting  the  school-house  and 
attached  dwelling  to  him,  on  condition  that  he  would  teach  such 
children  as  the  Consistory  might  send  him,  at  the  same  rate  per 
quarter  for  tuition  as  he  received  from  his  other  scholars. 

An  arrangement  to  this  effect  was  consequently  entered  into 
with  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh,  Consistory  furnishing  him  with  twelve 
scholars.*     The  result,  however,  was  far  from  satisfactory. 

The  Church  felt  that  she  was  not  performing  her  full  duty 
towards  her  children.  This  institution  was  her  time-honored 
legacy  ;  she  had  long  realized  the  important  blessings  flowing 
from  it,  and  she  could  not  relinquish  it,  nor  her  jurisdiction  over 
it,  without  coming  short  of  imperative  obligations  to  her  youth. 

Impelled  by  a  recurring  sense  of  her  responsibilities  to  her 
youth,  and  actuated  by  a  regard  to  her  future  interests,  special 
efforts  were  made  for  a  thorough  re-organization  of  the  school. 

To  effect  this,  a  committee  of  Consistory,  consisting  of 
Messrs.  John  Stagg,  William  Hardenbrook,  Elias  Nexsen, 
Nicholas  Anthony,  and  Leonard  Bleecker,  was  appointed.  This 
was  in  December,  1788.  The  arrangement  with  Mr.  Van 
Steenburgh,  which  had  been  existing  for  three  years,  was  revoked. 
A  new  engagement  was  entered  into  with  him,  to  commence  in 
May  following,  whereby  he  was  to  educate  thirty  free  scholars, 
for  which  he  was  to  receive  from  Consistory  ^'35  per  annum. f 

In  April,  1789,  the  above  Committee  reported  to  Consistory 
certain  regulations  respecting  the  school,  which  were  unanimously 
adopted,  "  subject,  however,  to  such  alterations  as  the  Consistory 
shall  hereafter  judge  necessary  to  be  made. " 

The  first  of  these  was,  "  That  ihe/ree  school  shall  always  be 
considered  as  depending  for  its  existence  and  support  on  the 

•  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  G.  S7.  f  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  G.  146,  147. 


FROM    1783    TO   THE    PRESENT   TIME.  67 

Consistory,  and  as  such  be  subject  to  the  direction  and  control 
of  the  whole  Board. " 

The  school,  replaced  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Board  of 
Deacons  as  a  standing  committee,  was  to  be  visited  by  the  whole 
Consistory  quarterly,  viz. :  in  the  first  week  after  every  adminis- 
tration of  the  Lord's  Supper ;  and  provision  was  made  for  the 
attendance  of  the  children  on  divine  service.  The  remaining 
regulations,  relating  mainly  and  specifically  to  the  internal  man- 
agement of  the  school,  were  substantially  the  same  as  those  now 
in  force  in  the  institution.* 

In  the  fall  of  this  year,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained  from  the 
Church  records,  commenced  the  practice  of  providing  each  scholar 
with  a  full  suit  of  clothing,  collections  being  made  in  the  Col- 
legiate Church  for  that  express  purpose.  The  first  sermon  upon 
this  subject  was  preached  in  the  North  Church,  December  17, 
services  commencing  at  5^  P.  M.f  The  sum  contributed  by 
the  congregation  amounted  to  $216.05,  ^^^  most  of  which  was 
expended  by  the  deacons  for  the  object  contemplated. 

The  year  following,  1790,  collections  were  taken  in  the  Old, 
New  and  North  Churches,  and  ' '  the  Consistory  rejoiced  in 
finding  themselves  enabled,  by  the  generous  donations  of  the 
congregations,  to  increase  the  number  of  scholars,  and  resolved 
unanimously  to  admit  twenty  more  children  in  the  school  on  the 
ist  of  February  next.  "J 

For  a  number  of  years  the  liberality  of  the  Collegiate  Church  in 
this  cause  was  proverbial,  the  donations  in  one  instance  amounting 
to  $753  ;  but  of  late,  from  the  operation  of  various  causes,  the  col- 
lections have  materially  diminished.  Notwithstanding  this,  the 
trustees  of  the  institution,  with  an  humble  and  firm  reliance  upon 
Divine  Providence,  have  never  yet  been  coerced  to  say  to  any 
of  the  necessitous  committed  to  their  charge,  "  Be  ye  clothed." 

*  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  G.  154,  et  seq. 

t  A  public  journal  of  that  day,  in  publishing  the  notice  for  this  sermon, 
adds  the  following  : 

"Institutions  of  this  kind,  which  afford  to  poor  children  the  means  of 
education,  and  prepare  them  for  usefulness  in  Church  or  State,  appear  of  all 
charities  the  most  laudable.  Several  denominations  of  this  city  have  accord- 
ingly turned  their  attention  to  them.  The  Reformed  Dutch  Church  had,  before 
the  war,  a  charity  school,  which,  during  this  year,  they  have  been  able  to 
revive.  They  have  at  present  thirty  scholars,  who  are  instructed  in  such 
branches  of  learning  as  will  qualify  them  to  be  good  members  of  society.  The 
school  is  visited  monthly  by  the  deacons,  and  quarterly  by  Consistory  ;  and 
whenever  the  scholars  have  made  such  proficiency  as  is  judged  necessary,  their 
places  are  supplied  byothei-s.  This  church  depend  for  the  clothing  and  tuition 
of  the  children  wholly  upon  charitable  donations,  and  they  trust  that  their 
endeavors  will  be  countenanced  by  the  public."  Vide  New  York  Jourtuil 
and  iVeekly  Register,  December  17,  1789. 

\  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  G.  197. 


68  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

1791.  —  From  the  establishment  of  the  school  in  1633,  the 
schoolmasters  had,  with  but  one  or  two  exceptions,  acted  as 
choristers  ;  and,  in  order  to  preserve  this  peculiarity,  Mr.  Stan- 
ton Latham,  who  had  been  Clerk  in  the  North  Church  from 
October,  1789,  was  appointed  in  January,  1790,  to  supersede  Mr. 
Van  Steenburgh  ;  but  the  change  did  not  actually  take  place 
till  May  i,  1791.  On  the  nth  of  January  of  this  year,  a  com- 
mittee, appointed  to  confer  with  Mr.  Latham,  made  a  report  to 
Consistory,  and  produced  a  written  proposal,  signed  by  Mr. 
Latham,  in  which  he  offered  to  teach  fifty  scholars  for  seven 
shillings  per  quarter.  After  some  deliberation,  it  was  resolved 
to  accept  the  offer  ;  and  Mr.  Latham  was  accordingly  appointed 
to  be  the  schoolmaster  of  the  school  under  the  patronage  of  this 
Consistory,  and  to  commence  in  that  duty  ist  May  next,  on  which 
day  "he  is  to  take  possession  of  the  house  in  which  Mr.  Van 
Steenburgh  now  lives,  and  occupy  as  much  of  the  same  as  Mr. 
Van  Steenburgh  now  occupies,  which  house,  and  the  aforesaid 
sum  of  seven  shillings  per  quarter  for  fifty  scholars,  shall  be  the 
whole  of  his  salary  as  schoolmaster. 

Resolved,  further,  that  this  Consistory  have  a  high  sense  of  the  abilities, 
assiduity,  and  faithfulness  which  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh  has  for  many  years 
exerted  in  the  school  which  has  been  under  his  care,  and  excepting  for  the 
particular  reason  which  respected  Mr.  Latham  as  a  singing-master  in  the  con- 
gregation, would  have  been  loth  to  part  with  him. 

Resolved,  further,  that  a  copy  of  this  minute  be  made  and  given  to  Mr. 
Van  Steenburgh,  which  will  be  at  the  same  time  a  notification  that  Mr.  Latham 
is  to  take  possession  of  the  house  in  which  Mr.  Van  Steenburgh  now  lives, 
1st  May  next."  * 

November  27. — A  collection  was  taken  for  the  school  in  the 
Garden  Street  Church  in  the  afternoon,  and  in  the  Middle 
Church  in  the  evening,  where  the  children  were  in  attendance, 
and  sung  a  hymn  f  suited  to  the  occasion. 

January  5,  1792.  —  Dr.  Livingston,  Messrs.  Stoutenburgh, 
Oothout,  Wilson,  Gilbers  and  Sickels,  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee of  Consistory  to  digest  a  plan  for  the  most  successful  pro- 
motion of  the  interests  of  the  school. 

February  2. — The  above  committee  reported  as  follows  : 

In  order  as  far  as  possible  to  extend  the  benefit  of  this  institution,  and  to 
secure  to  the  boys  admitted  into  the  school  the  permanent  advantages  of  the 
instruction  there  received,  they  conceive  it  proper  that  it  be  an  indispensable 
condition  of  the  admission  of  boys  in  future,  that  their  parents  or  guardians 

*  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  G.  199. 

t  This  custom,  which  was  discontinued,  1865,  was  borrowed  from  the 
Episcopal  Church  school,  in  which  it  had  obtained  as  far  back  as  the  year 
1757,  and  probably  a  few  years  earlier.  The  hymns  used  by  the  children  of 
the  Reformed  Dutch  school  on  these  occasions  have  been  prepared,  from  year 
to  year,  by  the  friends  of  the  institution.  A  majority  of  these  compositions, 
running  back  as  far  as  the  year  1813,  are  now  in  the  possession  of  the  present 
Principal. 


FROM    1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  69 

do  previously,  by  bond,  engage  themselves  to  bind  them  to  some  useful  pro- 
fession or  employment  at  the  expiration  of  their  terms  in  school,  or  secure  to 
Consistory  the  power  of  so  doing. 

This  article  was  never  carried  out. 

That,  as  far  as  the  consent  of  the  parents  or  guardians  can  be  obtained, 
the  same  resolution  be  extended  to  the  boys  already  admitted. 

That  te7i  boys  be  admitted  into  the  school,  in  addition  to  the  present 
number  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Latham. 

That  ten  girls,  at  present  under  the  tuition  of  Mr.  Latham,  be  removed  and 
be  put  under  the  care  of  a  female  instractor.* 

Miss  Elizabeth  Ten  Eyck  was  accordingly  engaged,  and 
continued  in  this  capacity  until  the  year  1809,  when,  upon  the 
introduction  into  the  school  of  the  Lancasterian  system  of  edu- 
cation, "the  Madam's  school  was  dispensed  with."  She  imme- 
diately opened  a  private  school,  to  which,  during  a  period  of  three 
years,  the  trustees  occasionally  sent  some  of  their  female  pupils 
to  receive  instruction  in  sewing. f  During  Miss  Ten  Eyck's  con- 
nection with  the  school,  and  for  thirty  years  afterwards,  she  had 
the  making  of  the  girls'  clothing  ;  and,  in  whatever  capacity  she 
was  engaged  by  the  trustees,  her  duties  were  always  performed  in 
a  satisfactory  manner. 

1795.  —  Mr.  Latham,  like  his  predecessor,  enjoyed  the  privi- 
lege of  having  pay  scholars  ;  but  the  Consistory,  impressed  with 
the  necessity  of  having  the  school  composed  exclusively  of  charity 
scholars,  had  an  interview  with  him,  and,  on  the  8th  day  of  Jan- 
uary, they  ''Resolved,  that  from  and  after  the  ist  February  next, 
none  but  charity  scholars  shall  be  admitted  into  the  school  ;  and 
that  the  number  of  such  shall  remain  unlimited,  and  depend 
from  time  to  time  upon  the  direction  of  Consistory."  And, 
further,  ''Resolved,  that  from  and  after  the  said  day,  the  Con- 
sistory will  pay  unto  Mr.  Latham  ;^200  per  annum,  and  that  he 
shall  continue  to  remain  in  the  house,  as  hitherto,  free  of  all 
rent."  Also,  "  Resolved,  io  allow  twelve  loads  of  wood  every 
year  for  the  school  ;  and  it  is  expressly  understood  that,  besides 
the  usual  education  in  literature,  Mr.  Latham  shall  teach  the 
scholars  psalmody,  as  is  usual  in  all  institutions  of  this  nature." 

"Mr.  Latham  being  called,  and  these  resolutions  com- 
municated to  him,  he  acquiesced,  and  declared  his  willingness 
and  gratitude  for  this  arrangement  ;  and  it  is  now  reciprocally 
understood  that  all  former  agreements  are  hereby  superseded,  and 
that  this  shall  be  the  basis  for  the  future  services  of  Mr.  Latham, 
and  no  alteration  is  to  be  made  therein  on  either  side  under  at 
least  six  months'  notice  ;  and  that  a  copy  of  this  minute  be 
handed  to  Mr.  Latham. "| 

•  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  G.  225-227.  f  Trus.  Min.  i.  26,  30,  32,  40,  67,  73. 

X  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  H.  I. 


70  HISTORV   OF  THE   SCHOOL 

June  17. — Dr.  Linn  reported  he  had  received  from  Dr.  Joshua 
Lathrop,  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  aguineafor  the  benefit  of  the  School.* 

May  25,  1799. — %  ^  resolution  of  Consistory,  the  number  of 
children  was  restricted  to  fifty  ;  f  probably  in  consequence  of  the 
withdrawal  of  the  funds  which,  during  the  years  1796  and  1797, 
the  school  had  received  from  the  State. 

1 801. — The  catechising  of  the  scholars  by  the  ministers  was 
transferred  to  the  North  Church. 

March  i,  1804. — The  number  of  scholars  under  the  care  of 
the  master  was  limited  to  stx/y ;  and  he  was  privileged  to  receive 
six  pay  scholars.  |  In  addition  to  the  studies  already  taught 
in  the  school,  the  boys,  if  time  and  circumstances  admitted,  were 
to  be  instructed  in  the  principles  of  English  grammar. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  report  upon  the  propriety  of 
extending  the  benefits  of  the  institution  to  such  individual  or 
individuals,  of  superior  talents  or  acquirements,  as  might  be  cal- 
culated to  fit  them  for  future  usefulness  in  Church  or  State. 

1808. — For  a  period  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  years, 
commencing  in  1633,  the  deacons  had  constituted  the  Standing 
Committee  of  Consistory  for  the  management  of  the  school ;  but 
in  the  year  1808,  May  5,  the  code  of  1789  was  amended  so  as  to 
place  the  institution  under  the  care  of  a  "Board  of  Trustees," 
whose  duty  it  should  be  "to  advise  with  Consistory  in  all  matters 
that  may  be  deemed  important,  and  in  all  things  to  be  under 
their  control."  § 

The  original  members  of  the  Board  were,  Messrs.  John  Stout- 
enburgh,  Richard  Duryee,  Isaac  Heyer,  Abraham  Brinckerhoff, 
Anthony  Dey,  Jesse  Baldwin,  and  John  Nitchie,  Jr.  Their  first 
meeting  was  held  June  9, 1808,  in  the  Consistory-chamber,  Garden 
Street.  John  Stoutenburgh  was  chosen  Chairman,  and  John 
Nitchie,  Jr. ,  Secretary. 

The  Vllth  Article  of  their  By-Laws  provided  for  a  committee 
of  two  of  the  Trustees,  to  be  called  the  School  Committee  ;  and 
at  each  stated  meeting  the  "Chairman  shall  appoint  one  of  the 
School  Committee  in  succession  from  the  Trustees,  to  supply 
the  place  of  one  whose  term  shall  expire. "  This  was  amended 
in  1 83 1,  so  that  there  is  now  but  one  member  on  the  Visiting 
Committee. 

January  i,  1809.  —  The  school-room  having  been  enlarged, 
the  Lancasterian  or  monitorial  system  was  introduced  into  the 
school,  and  the  number  of  scholars  was  increased  from  seventy- 
two  to  one  hundred. 

*  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  H.  21.  f  -^'^•,  138-  t  Hid.,  326. 

§  The  Rules  for  the  government  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  are  contained  in 
the  "  Standing  Rules  of  the  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  R.  P.  D.  Church," 
Art.  xiii.. 


FROM     1783    TO    THE    PRESENT   TIME.  7 1 

February  27. — Thirteen  girls  each  received  a  pair  of  scissors 
for  their  improvement  in  writing  ;  and  twelve  boys  each  a  pen- 
knife. These  were  presents  from  Richard  Duryee,  Esq.  At 
subsequent  dates,  useful  articles,  the  gifts  of  different  individuals, 
were  presented  to  the  most  meritorious  children. 

March  7. — The  number  of  scholars  having  been  increased, 
and  Mr.  Latham  having  relinquished  the  pay  scholars  granted 
him  in  1804,  his  salary  was  advanced  to  six  hundred  dollars  per 
annum,  and  his  house-rent. 

December  6. — Mr.  Latham  presented  his  resignation,  to  take 
effect  the  first  of  May  following  ;  and  Joseph  Hinds,  who  gradu- 
ated from  the  school  in  1808,  was  engaged  as  an  assistant-teacher 
for  a  period  of  seven  weeks. 

December  7. — James  Forrester  was  unanimously  elected  by 
Consistory,  to  supersede  Mr.  Latham.  His  competitors  were 
Richard  Witts  and  Paul  J.  Micheau.* 

May  I,  1 8 10. — Mr.  Forrester  entered  upon  his  duties,  and  the 
school  was  divided,  under  the  Lancasterian  system,  as  follows  : 

{First  Class  —A  B  C,  and  figures. 
Second  Class— Monosyllables. 
Third  Class — Words  of  two  syllables,  and  writing  same  on 
slate. 
r  Fourth  Class — Words  of  more  than  two  syllables,  and  irregular 
I       words. 
On  slate.  -I  Fifth  Class  —Reading  in  Child's  Instructor  ;  Catechism. 

I  Sixth  Class — Reading  in  New  Testament  ;  Heidelbergh  Cate- 
[      chism. 
Seventh  Class— Reading  in  Old  Testament,  Murray's  Grammar,  and  Pen- 
manship. 

All  to  Study  arithmetic,  at  the  discretion  of  the  teacher. 

June  21. — In  case  the  minister  was  absent,  from  sickness  or 
otherwise,  one  of  the  elders  was  to  conduct  the  catechetical 
exercise. 

January  10,  181 1. — The  eight-day  clock,  which  had  hung  for 
many  years  in  the  Garden  Street  Church,  was  cleansed  and  re- 
cased  by  M.  Demilt,  at  an  expense  of  twenty-five  dollars.  It  was 
then  put  up  in  the  school-room.  What  the  bank  or  railway 
clock  is  to  the  adult,  this,  for  many  years,  has  been  to  anticipative 
youth  ;  and  though  it  cannot  foretell,  yet  its  indications  have  sig- 
nalized the  period  for  the  resumption  of  study,  or  the  desired 
release.  Venerable  by  age,  and  faithful  amidst  all  the  changes  of 
time,  suspended  on  the  walls  of  the  present  building,  it  still 
answers  nobly  the  precise  object  for  which  it  was  made  ;  and, 
were  it  gifted  with  speech,  it  could  undoubtedly  reveal  more 
knowledge  of  mischievous  frolic  than  ever  fell  under  the  cogni- 
zance of  the  teacher. 

•  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  I.  107.     Trus.  Min.  i.  24,  26,  36. 


72  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

January  25,  18 13. — Mr.  Nitchie  having  resigned  his  situation 
as  Secretary  of  the  Board,  a  unanimous  vote  of  thanks  was  passed 
to  him  by  the  trustees,  for  the  diligent  and  able  discharge  of  his 
duties  for  nearly  five  years  ;  and  at  the  annual  election  of  officers 
in  1 8 14,  Mr.  Richard  Duryee  having  been  chosen  chairman,  it 
was  on  motion  resolved,  that  th.e  thanks  of  the  Board  be  com- 
municated to  Mr.  Stoutenburgh,  for  his  faithful  and  punctual 
attendance  as  chairman  for  nearly  six  years. 

1813.  —  "On  the  2d  of  April,  1805  (the  same  year  in  which 
the  Free  School  Society  was  founded),  the  Legislature  passed  an 
act  providing  that  the  net  proceeds  of  500,000  acres  of  the  vacant 
and  unappropriated  lands  of  the  people  of  this  State,  which  should 
be  first  thereafter  sold  by  the  Surveyor-General,  should  be  appro- 
priated as  a  permanent  fund  for  the  support  of  common  schools  ; 
the  avails  to  be  safely  invested  until  the  interest  should  amount 
to  $50,000,  when  an  annual  distribution  of  that  amount 
should  be  made  to  the  several  school  districts.  This  act  laid 
the  foundation  of  the  present  fund  for  the  support  of  common 
schools." 

"  By  the  act  to  incorporate  the  Merchants'  Bank  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  passed  the  same  year,  the  State  reserved  the  right 
to  subscribe  for  three  thousand  shares  of  the  capital  stock  of  that 
institution,  which,  together  with  the  accruing  interest  and  divi- 
dends, were  appropriated  as  a  fund  for  the  support  of  common 
schools,  to  be  applied  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  should 
from  time  to  time  direct." 

"By  acts  passed  March  13,  1807,  and  April  8,  1808,  the 
Comptroller  was  authorized  to  invest  such  moneys,  together  with 
the  funds  arising  from  the  proceeds  of  the  lotteries  authorized  by 
the  act  of  1803,  in  the  purchase  of  additional  stock  of  the  Mer- 
chants' Bank,  and  to  loan  the  residue  of  the  fund."* 

On  the  19th  day  of  June,  181 2,  an  act  was  passed  for  the 
establishment  of  common  schools  in  this  State,  and  provision 
was  soon  after  made,  in  accordance  with  the  act  of  1805,  for  the 
distribution  of  the  interest  arising  from  the  common  school 
fund.f  As  there  were  several  Societies  in  the  city  of  New  York 
at  this  time  already  engaged  in  the  work  of  educating  the  poor, 
all  of  which  had  for  many  years  been  successfully  and  satisfac- 
torily engaged  in  this  laudable  undertaking,  a  law  was  passed 
March  12,  1813,  "directing  that  the  portion  of  the  school  fund 
received  by  the  city  and  County  of  New  York  shall  be  appor- 
tioned and  paid  to  the  trustees  of  the  Free  School  Society  of 
New  York,  the  trustees  or  treasurers  of  the  Orphan  Asylum 
Society,  the  Society  of  the  Economical  School,  the  African  free 

'  Common  School  System  of  the  State  of  New  York,  by  Samuel  S.  Randall, 
Dep.  Sup.  Com.  Sch.,  p.  9.  t  Rand.  Com.  Sch.  Sys.  S.  N.  Y.,  13. 


FROM  1783  TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME.  73 

school,  and  of  such  incorpora/ed  religious  Societies  in  said  city  as 
supported  or  should  establish  charity  schools,  who  might  apply  for 
the  same."  Under  the  operation  of  this  law,  as  the  money  to  be 
received  was  to  be  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  scholars 
on  register,  it  is  natural  to  suppose  that  efforts  would  be  made 
by  each  school  sharing  in  the  distribution  of  the  fund  to  obtain 
as  many  scholars  as  possible.  So  far  as  the  Dutch  Church  school 
was  concerned,  however,  the  limit  of  scholars  fixed  in  1809,  four 
years  previously,  remained  unaltered. 

Impressed  with  the  necessity  and  importance  of  imparting 
religious  instruction  to  the  youth  under  their  charge,  the  trustees 
of  the  Free  School  Society,  "  on  the  suggestion,  and  to  meet  the 
wishes  of  numerous  well-meaning  individuals,  yielded  readily  to 
a  proposition  that  an  Association  of  more  than  fifty  ladies,  of 
high  respectability  and  of  different  religious  denominations,  who 
had  volunteered  for  the  purpose,  should  meet  in  the  school-room 
one  afternoon  in  each  week,  to  give  instruction  to  the  pupils 
from  such  denominational  catechisms  as  might  be  designated  by 
their  parents.  At  the  same  time,  to  meet  their  expressed  wishes, 
monitors  were  appointed  to  lead  them  on  the  Sabbath  to  their 
appropriate  places  of  worship.  "* 

This  movement  was  naturally  calculated  to  affect  the  charity 
schools  then  existing  in  the  city  ;  and  on  receiving  an  assurance 
from  the  Free  School  Society  that  their  children  should  enjoy 
the  same  privileges,  literary  and  religious,  which  they  had  en- 
joyed among  themselves,  the  trustees  of  the  Presbyterian  school 
relinquished  the  portion  of  the  State  fund  to  which  they  were 
entitled,  and  the  school  eventually  disbanded  ;  but  the  Dutch 
Church,  adhering  to  her  principles  on  this  subject,  and  to  the 
practice  which  for  centuries  had  obtained  with  her,  declined  the 
overture  ;  and  the  Consistory  on  the  14th  of  January  resolved 
"  that  the  children  belonging  to  the  Dutch  Church  who  attended 
the  New  York  free  school,  be  presented  each  with  a  catechism, 
and  be  invited  to  attend  a  public  catechising  every  Wednesday, 
at  3  P.M.,  in  the  North  Church. "f 

One  week  later  a  communication  was  received  by  the  Con- 
sistory, from  the  Free  School  Society,  accompanied  by  a  resolution 
of  the  trustees  of  that  institution  in  the  following  words  : 

Resolved,  That  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday  (third  day)  in  each  week  be 
appropriated  for  the  instruction  of  the  children  of  the  New  York  free  school  in 
the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion  ;  and  in  order  that  they  may  be  edu- 
cated in  the  peculiar  tenets  of  the  denomination  to  which  they  respectively 
belont;,  the  several  churches  with  which  they  are  connected  be  respectfully 
invited  to  send  suitable  persons  to  catechise  and  otherwise  so  to  instruct  them. 

*  Vide  Sketch  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  Pub.  Sch.  See.,  xxxvii.  An.  Rep.  20. 
t  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  I.  228. 
F2 


74 


HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 


Thereupon  the  Consistory 

Resolved,  That  John  Vanderbilt  be  appointed  to  instruct  the  children  con- 
nected with  the  Dutch  Church,  attending  the  New  York  free  school  on  the 
day  designated,  until  further  arrangement  be  made.  * 

The  name  of  Mr.  Vanderbilt  does  not  occur  again  in  this 
connection  ;  and  it  is  presumed  that  the  catechising  of  the  chil- 
dren connected  with  the  Dutch  Church  and  attending  the  free 
school,  was  left  in  the  hands  of  the  ladies  associated  for  that 
purpose,  f 

*  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  I.  232.  A  communication  and  resolution  of  the  same 
character  were  presented  to  the  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church,  and  "it  was  there- 
upon ordered  that  the  Assistant-Rector  and  other  Clergy  of  this  church  be 
requested  to  give  the  necessary  attention  to  the  said  resolution,  and  that  200 
Common  Prayer  books  be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  scholars  who  belong 
to  the  Episcopal  Church,  to  be  distributed  under  the  direction  of  the  Assistant- 
Rector."      Vide  Hist.  Trin.  Ch.,  p.  254. 

t  The  following  extracts  from  the  Annual  Reports  of  the  Free  School 
Society  furnish,  probably,  all  the  information  now  to  be  had  upon  this  subject. 

In  their  Ninth  Annual  Report,  bearing  date  May  2,  1814,  over  the  signa- 
ture of  De  Witt  Clinton,  President,  after  speaking  of  the  progress  of  their 
pupils  in  intellectual  attainments,  the  Report  adds  : 

"While  the  Trustees  have  been  thus  engaged  in  communicating  to  the 
understandings  of  the  children  the  elements  of  useful  knowledge,  they  have 
not  been  unmindful  of  the  importance  of  imbuing  their  minds  also  with  a  sense 
of  moral  and  religious  obligation. 

"  The  afternoon  of  every  Tuesday,  or  third  day  of  the  week,  has  been  set 
apart  for  this  purpose  ;  and  the  children  have  been  instructed  in  the  catechisms 
of  the  churches  to  which  they  respectively  belong.  This  pious  office  is  per- 
formed by  an  Association  of  highly  respectable  females,  who  are  in  profession 
with  the  different  religious  denominations  in  the  city.  The  number  of  children 
educated  in  the  peculiar  tenets  of  each  religious  community  is,  at  the  present 
time,  as  follows  : 


Presbyterians 271 

Episcopalians 186 

Methodists  172 


Baptists 119 

Dutch  Church 41 

Roman  Catholic 9 


"In  the  furtherance  of  the  same  interesting  object,  the  children  have  been 
required  to  assemble  at  their  respective  schools  on  the  morning  of  every 
Sabbath,  and  proceed  under  the  care  of  a  monitor,  to  such  place  of  public 
worship  as  was  designated  by  their  parents  or  guardians.  This  requisition  has 
been  regularly  attended  to  by  many,  but  the  want  of  suitable  clothing  has  pre- 
vented others  from  complying  with  it.  It  is  believed  that  this  deficiency  might 
be  amply  supplied  by  the  appropriation  to  this  purpose  of  the  garments  which 
are  laid  aside  as  useless,  in  the  families  of  our  wealthy  fellow-citizens.  And, 
surely,  few  acts  of  charity  could  be  more  truly  benevolent  and  useful.  It 
would  not  only  contribute  to  the  personal  comfort  of  the  children,  but  it  would 
enable  them  to  join  in  the  public  celebration  of  religious  worship. 

"In  cases  where  an  attendance  at  school  previous  to  going  to  church  is 
particularly  inconvenient,  liberty  has  been  given  for  the  children  to  attend 
public  worship  in  company  with  their  parents  or  guardians." 

Extract  from  the  Tenth  Annual  Report  of  May  i,  1815  : 

"The  office  of  communicating  religious  instruction  to  the  children,  by 
teaching  them  the  catechisms  of  their  respective  churches,  is  still  performed  by 


FROM    1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME. 


75 


The  difference  between  the  number  of  children  attending 
these  schools  from  the  Presbyterian  and  Dutch  churches,  the 
former  being  34  per  cent,  and  the  latter  only  5  per  cent.,  may  be 
accounted  for  by  the  discontinuance  of  the  Presbyterian  charity 
school,  as  above  stated,  while  the  Dutch  Church  continued  to 
sustain  her  institution,  and  the  weekly  catechetical  expositions 
to  her  children. 

In  the  year  18 15,  in  order  to  give  more  efficiency  to  these 
exercises,  the  Consistory  resolved  that  each  of  the  ministers  ought 
to  have  separate  classes  of  the  children  and  youth,  and  on  differ- 
ent days,  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  each  other  ;  and  the  minis- 
ters were  directed  to  carry  this  out.  Two  months  subsequently, 
on  the  request  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Milledoler,  Elders  Wilson  and 
Duryeewere  appointed  to  assist  him  in  catechising  the  children,* 
Mr.  Forrester's  scholars,  in  common  with  the  other  children 
connected  with  the  Dutch  Church,  assembling  as  usual  in  a  body 
for  that  purpose. 

March  12, 1818. — The  Teacher's  Annual  Report  to  Consistory 
sets  forth  the  attainments  of  the  children  at  this  time,  and  pre- 
sents the  school  in  a  very  favorable  aspect.  He  says  :  "The 
school  consists  of  100  scholars,  viz.,  76  boys  and  24  girls.  Of 
these,  24  boys  and  8  girls  read  in  the  Old  Testament,  and  17  boys 

the  Association  of  benevolent  females  who  so  zealously  engaged  in  it.  Their 
kindness  has  also  prompted  them  to  furnish  many  of  the  scholars  with  com- 
fortable clothing  during  the  late  inclement  season. 

"The  children  at  present  under  the  care  of  the  Society  are  said  to  belong 
to  the  different  religious  denominations  as  follows  : 


Presbyterians 365 

Methodists 175 

Episcopalians 159 


Baptists 144 

Roman  Catholics 57 

Dutch  Church 33." 


Extract  from  the  Eleventh  Annual  Report,  May  6,  1816  : 

"  The  children  continue  to  receive  the  advantages  of  religious  instruction 
communicated  to  them  from  the  catechisms  used  in  the  respective  churches  to 
which  they  belong,  in  the  manner  mentioned  in  the  Report  of  last  year." 

The  wide  extension  of  the  free  schools,  and  the  establishment  this  year  of 
Sunday-schools,  "to  which  excellent  institutions  they  thereafter  commended 
their  pupils,"  led  to  a  discontinuance  of  this  measure. 

The  free  schools  in  operation  at  this  time  were  No.  i,  opened  in  1806,  in 
liancker  Street  (now  Madison),  near  Pearl  ;  and  No.  2,  opened  in  181 1,  in 
Henry  Street.  The  original  object  of  this  Society  was  "  the  education  of 
children  who  do  not  belong  to,  and  are  not  provided  for  by  any  religious 
society  ;  "  but,  in  1808,  they  received  "authority  to  educate  all  children  who 
were  proper  objects  of  gratuitous  instruction."  Clothing  donated  for  the 
purpose  was  at  times  distributed  to  the  necessitous.  For  the  use  of  the  Reports 
from  which  the  alxjve  extracts  were  taken,  the  author  is  indebted  to  the 
kindness  of  Samuel  \V.  Seton,  an  individual  who  has  rendered  incalculable 
service  to  the  cause  of  education  in  this  city. 

•  Con.  Rec,  Lib.  I.  340,  350. 


76  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

and  II  girls,  in  the  New  Testament;  the  remaining  15  boys  and 
5  girls  write  on  sand-tables,  and  read  in  the  Child's  Instructor, 
and  Spelling  Book  ;  48  boys  and  12  girls  are  in  arithmetic  ;  5  of 
the  boys  have  been  through  Vulgar  and  Decimal  Fractions,  and 
are  now  in  Interest.  The  second  class  consists  of  10  in  the  Rule 
of  Three.  The  third  class,  of  10  in  Reduction.  The  fourth 
class,  of  19  in  Compound  Addition  ;  7  of  the  girls  have  been 
through  Practice,  and  6  more  are  in  Compound  Addition  ;  43 
boys  and  12  girls  recite  a  new  section  of  the  Heidelbergh  Cate- 
chism every  week;  31  boys  and  10  girls  study  the  Shorter 
Catechism,  and  every  week  commit  a  portion  thereof  to  memory, 
according  to  their  several  capacities  ;  24  of  the  children  can  recite 
the  Heidelbergh  Catechism  throughout." 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees,  accompanying  that  of 
the  teacher,  closes  with  the  following  commendatory  language, 
which  shows  the  high  estimation  in  which  his  services  were 
regarded  :  "The  Board  rejoices  in  being  able  to  say  that  they 
are  satisfied  with  the  zeal,  ability  and  attention  of  the  teacher, 
and  particularly  with  the  parental  care  with  which  he  watches 
over  the  religious  and  moral  condition  of  those  committed  to 
his  charge." 

December  24. — Commenced  the  custom  of  closing  the  school 
between  Christmas  and  New  Year's. 

December  28.  —  Hereafter  the  school  was  kept  from  nine 
o'clock  to  three,  from  the  15th  of  November  to  the  15th  of 
March. 

March  4,  18 19. — A  committee  of  Consistory  having  deter- 
mined that  the  state  of  the  funds  warranted  an  increase  of 
scholars,  the  number  was  extended  from  one  hundred  to  one 
hundred  and  ten. 

April  26. — Bell's  system  of  instruction  was  introduced  into 
the  school. 

December  27. — The  parents  were  required  to  furnish  certifi- 
cates of  the  baptism  of  children  hereafter  admitted. 

May  29,  1820. — From  this  date  the  school  sessions  have  been 
between  the  hours  of  nine  and  three,  throughout  the  year. 

1825. — During  the  years  1796,  1797,  and  1801,  this  school, 
in  connection  with  the  other  charity  schools  of  this  city,  received 
from  the  State  certain  appropriations,  and  enjoyed  for  a  number 
of  years,  in  common  with  the  Free  School  Society,  and  other 
educational  institutions,  the  privileges  granted  by  the  law  of 
1813  ;  but,  in  the  year  1820,  the  Bethel  Baptist  Church  organized 
a  free  school  in  the  basement  of  the  church,  corner  of  Delancey 
and  Chrystie  streets  ;  and  subsequently,  in  1822  and  1823,  by  the 
permission  of  the  Legislature,  two  others,  from  the  surplus 
money  which  they  had  in  hand  :    thus  they  enjoyed  privileges 


FROM     1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  77 

equal  to  those  of  the  Free  School  Society,  the  Trustees  of  which, 
apprehensive  that  the  buildings  thus  erected  for  the  Bethel  free 
school  "becoming  church  property,  might  also  be  appropriated 
to  other  purposes  than  exclusively  for  the  education  of  the  poor," 
memorialized,  with  the  sanction  and  co-operation  of  the  Common 
Council,  the  State  Legislature  for  a  repeal  of  the  law  enacted  in 
favor  of  the  Baptists,  and  for  an  amendment  to  the  law  relative 
to  the  distribution  of  the  school-fund  in  this  city,  so  as  "  to  pre- 
vent any  religious  society,  entitled  to  a  participation  in  the  fund, 
from  drawing  for  any  other  than  the  poor  children  of  their  re- 
spective congregations."  "For,"  say  they,  "the  Bethel  free 
schools  have  taken  away  many  scholars  from  the  Society's  schools, 
and  thereby  diminished  the  amount  of  attendance  upon  them, 
and,  consequently,  their  revenue  derived  from  the  Common- 
school  Fund." 

The  Trustees  of  the  Free  School  Society  thought,  also,  that 
they  had  "discovered  a  manifestation  of  a  disposition  on  the  part 
of  some  other  religious  societies,  to  follow  the  example  of  the 
Bethel  Baptist  Church  to  the  extent  of  enlarging  their  schools  so 
as  to  receive  for  instruction  poor  children  generally,  without  re- 
stricting themselves,  as  heretofore,  to  those  of  their  own  particu- 
lar congregations.  A  school  of  this  description  has  been  opened 
in  Grace  Church,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wain- 
wright ;  another,  for  the  education  of  female  children,  by  the 
Congregational  Church  in  Chambers  Street ;  and  a  third  will 
soon  be  opened  by  the  Dutch  Church,  in  the  large  rooms  in 
Harmony  Hall,  at  the  corner  of  William  and  Duane  streets  ;  " 
"and  when  it  [the  Dutch  Church  School]  shall  get  in  full  oper- 
ation, the  Trustees  have  little  doubt  that  they  shall  be  under  the 
necessity  of  discontinuing  Free  School  No.  i." 

So  far  as  the  location  of  the  Dutch  Church  School  and  the 
intention  of  its  Trustees  were  concerned,  the  knowledge  of  a 
few  facts  would  have  materially  allayed  the  fears  of  the  Trustees 
of  the  Free  School  Society.  Since  the  year  1809,  when  the  six 
pay-scholars  allowed  the  teacher  were  removed,  and  at  that  date 
(1824),  the  school  consisted  exclusively  of  children  whose  parents 
were  either  ?nembers  or  habitual  ailendanls  of  the  Dutch  Church, 
the  Trustees  had  never  entertained  the  idea  of  "conferring  a 
gratuitous  education  upon  poor  children  without  distinction  of 
sect,"  which  was  the  peculiar  province  of  the  Free  School  Society. 

Again,  the  erection  of  aaWi'/wwo/ school-houses  was  never  con- 
templated by  the  Dutch  Church.  For  seventy-six  years  the 
school  had  been  held  in  Garden  Street ;  and  the  general  occu- 
pation of  this  section  of  the  city  at  this  period  by  mercantile 
warehouses,  and  the  consequent  removal  of  the  most  of  the 
children    from   the    neighborhood    of  the   school,   rendered    its 


78  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

removal  to  a  more  convenient  locality  a  work  of  absolute  neces- 
sity. And,  when  the  school  was  opened  in  Duane  Street,  the 
premises  in  Garden  Street  were  leased  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  occupied  for  other  purposes  ;  and  the  fear  expressed  that 
the  four  hundred  and  sixty-six  children  attending  Free  School 
No.  I  would  be  withdrawn  from  it,  to  attend  the  Dutch  Church 
School,  was  groundless,  as  accommodations  were  provided  in 
Duane  Street  for  no  more  scholars  than  the  Trustees  were 
restricted  by  Consistory  to  receive,  which  at  that  period  and  up 
to  1850  was  no. 

The  strenuous  opposition  of  Rev.  Johnson  Chase,  the  prin- 
cipal opponent  to  the  revision  of  the  law,  as  proposed  by  the 
Free  School  Society,  was  of  little  avail,  as  in  the  November  session 
of  1824  the  Legislature  passed  "an  act  by  which  that  portion  of 
the  common  school  fund,  drawn  for  the  city  of  New  York,  was 
left  to  the  disposal  of  the  Common  Council,  who  were  directed 
by  it  to  designate  to  whom  such  distribution  should  from  time  to 
time  be  made."  The  Committee  of  the  Common  Council,  to 
whom  the  subject  was  referred  to  hear  and  report  upon  the  claims 
of  the  respective  parties  applying  under  this  act  for  a  share  of  the 
fund,  deeming  "that  the  school  fund  of  the  State  was  purely  of 
a  civil  character,  designed  for  civil  purposes  ;  and  that  the  in- 
trusting of  it  to  religious  or  ecclesiastical  bodies  was  a  violation 
of  an  elementary  principle  in  the  politics  of  the  State  and 
country,"  "reported  against  distributing  any  portion  of  the  fund 
to  the  schools  of  religious  societies;"  and,  in  1825,  introduced 
an  ordinance,  which  was  unanimously  adopted,  directing  the  dis- 
tribution to  be  made  to  the  "Free  School  Society,"  "Mechanics' 
Society,"  the  "Orphan  Asylum  Society,"  and  the  "Trustees  of 
the  African  Schools."  * 

1 83 1. — During  Mr.  Forrester's  connection  with  the  school, 
it  had  no  female  teacher,  consequently  the  girls  were  not  in- 
structed in  needlework."}"  To  meet  this  want.  Miss  Eliza  Duryee 
informed  the  Board,  November,  1831,  that  an  Association  had 
been  formed  by  several  ladies  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  the 
children  the  ordinary  branches  of  sewing  and  needlework  ;  and  it 
was  resolved  that  this  facility  should  be  afforded  to  the  girls  two 
afternoons  in  the  week  ;   this  regulation  existed  for  some  time. 

September  8,  1835. — The  death  of  their  late  President  having 
been  announced  to  the  Board,  they  unanimously 

Resolved — That  in  the  decease  of  our  beloved  and  lamented  friend, 
Richard  Duryee,  we  have  been  deprived  of  an  able  counselor,  a  warm-hearted 
friend,  and  an  active,  useful  member  of  this  Board. 


*  For    the  details  of  this  whole  subject,  vide  xx.  An.  Rep.  N.  Y.  P.  S. 
Soc,  1825. 

t  With  the  exception  stated  ayite  p.  69. 


FROM     1783    TO    THE    PRESENT   TIME.  79 

Resolved — That  the  charity  children  of  this  church  have  sustained  an 
irreparable  loss,  in  his  fervent  prayers,  affectionate  admonition,  and  Christian 
example. 

Resolved  -That  we  recognize  the  hand  of  our  covenant  God  in  taking  him 
to  his  eternal  rest,  and  bow  with  submission  to  His  holy  will,  believing  that 
our  loss  is  his  gain. 

Resolved— 'Y\iz.\.  we  tender  to  his  bereaved  widow  and  afflicted  family  our 
sincere  and  warm  sympathies  under  this  painful  stroke  of  Divine  Providence, 
and  commend  them  to  the  guidance,  support  and  protection  of  Him  who  hath 
.said,  "  Leave  thy  fatherless  children  ;  I  will  preserve  them  alive  ;  and  let  thy 
widows  trust  in  me." 

Resolved — That  a  copy  of  the  above  resolutions  be  presented  by  the 
Secretary  to  his  widow. 

1840.  —  The  increase  of  our  denomination  in  the  city,  and 
the  growing  demand  for  a  more  extended  course  of  study  than 
that  pursued  in  the  school,  had  long  impressed  the  Trustees  with 
the  necessity  of  endeavoring  to  procure  an  edifice  for  the  express 
accommodation  of  the  school,  and  of  devising  such  ways  and 
means  for  increasing  its  income,  that  its  benefits  might  be  more 
greatly  extended. 

After  mature  deliberation,  a  communication,*  prepared  by 
the  Secretary,  fully  expressing  the  unanimous  views  of  the  Board 
upon  these  subjects,  was  presented  to  Consistory. 

1842.  —  Mr.  Forrester,  the  Principal  of  the  school,  was  now 
approaching  the  allotted  period  of  threescore  and  ten. 

For  more  than  forty-five  years,  the  last  thirty-two  of  which  he 
had  spent  in  this  school,  he  had  been  engaged  in  performing  the 
arduous  and  responsible  duties  which  devolve  upon  an  instructor 
of  youth,  and  the  Trustees  felt  that  he  "ought  to  be  relieved  in 
a  great  measure  from  the  bustle  and  noise  with  which  he  had 
so  long  been  surrounded,  and  be  suffered  to  enjoy  his  advancing 
age  with  more  peace  and  quietness  than  could  be  expected  if 
required  to  continue  in  his  present  station."  They  therefore 
recommended  a  division  of  the  labors  of  the  school,  by  the  em- 
ployment of  a  younger  person  for  the  general  education  of  the 
children  while  Mr.  Forrester  should  be  retained  as  catechist.  In 
doing  this,  the  Trustees  cheerfully  bore  their  testimony  to  the 
faithfulness  of  Mr.  Forrester,  and  of  their  confidence  in  his  desire 
to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  children.  Those  whom  he  had  in- 
structed in  the  year  1810,  the  first  year  of  his  connection  with 
the  school,  if  still  living,  had  now  attained  to  middle  age. 
During  this  period,  in  the  commencement  of  which  the  schools 
of  this  country  were  in  their  infancy,  rapid  advances  had  been 
made  in  the  system  of  instruction  ;  many  new  text-books  had 
come  into  use,  and  studies  had  been  introduced  into  the  schools, 
which  at  an  earlier  period  would  have  been  deemed  superfluous  ; 

*    Vide  Trus.  Min.  iii.  116  et  seq. 


8o  HISTORY   OF   THE    SCHOOL 

and  it  was  with  the  view  of  enabling  the  school  to  enjoy  the 
advantages  of  these  improvements  that  the  Trustees  proposed  the 
above  change.  Consistory  having  taken  action  upon  the  subject, 
the  object  which  the  Trustees  had  in  view  was  consummated  in 
1842  by  the  appointment  of  the  present  Principal.  Mr.  For- 
rester was  retained  as  catechist,  the  duties  pertaining  to  which 
office  he  faithfully  performed  for  twelve  months,  when  his  con- 
nection with  the  school  ceased  altogether.* 

Thirty-three  years  !  One  generation  had  passed  away,  and 
another  had  taken  its  place  on  the  stage  of  existence. 

Forty-eight  years  of  joy  and  sorrow,  of  labor  and  reward  !  Eter- 
nity alone  can  reveal  the  nature  and  importance  of  those  influences 
which  it  is  the  duty  and  privilege  of  a  teacher  to  exert,  for  so  many 
years,  over  the  hearts  and  minds  of  young  immortal  beings. 

Many  are  they,  now  members  of  the  body  of  Christ,  whose 
religious  feelings  and  exercises  were  called  forth  and  strengthened 
while  under  his  instruction  ;  and  to  him  it  was  ever  a  source  of 
grateful  acknowledgement,  that  he  had  been  the  instrument,  under 
God's  hand,  of  leading  so  many  to  walk  in  the  ways  of  truth. 

Mr.  Forrester,  in  withdrawing  from  the  charge  which  he  had 
so  long  sustained,  retired  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  "confidence 
and  esteem  of  the  Trustees  in  his  moral  and  Christian  character, 
and  in  his  desire  to  promote  the  well-being  of  the  numerous 
children  which  had  been  intrusted  to  his  care." 

Heretofore,  the  children  of  both  sexes  had  been  classified 
together  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  instruction  ;  but  on  the 
re-organization  of  the  school  in  1842,  the  girls  were  segregated, 
and  placed  under  the  supervision  and  care  of  Miss  Frances 
Campbell.  This  was  an  important  advantage  secured  to  the 
school,  the  need  of  which  had  been  long  felt. 


It  is  ever  a  subject  of  regret  when  any  institution  is  deprived 
of  the  counsels,  labors  and  prayers  of  an  efficient  officer,  through 

*  Mr.  Forrester  was  born  in  the  environs  of  the  city  of  Edinburgh,  Febniary 
25,  1774,  and  was  baptized  in  the  West  Kirk  by  Sir  Harry  Moncrief.  In  the 
year  1794,  he  set  sail  for  America.  Before  reaching  port,  he,  with  a  number 
of  others,  was  impressed  and  placed  on  the  British  man-of-war,  the  "Africa." 
Subsequently,  for  some  reason  unknown  to  him,  he  was  placed  on  board  the  ship 
"  Fanny,"  and  landed  October  16,  at  the  Fly  Market.  He  shortly  afterwards 
located  in  Tappan.  In  the  year  1795,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  he  com- 
menced teaching  school  at  Closter.  Here  he  remained  three  years  and  a  half, 
when  he  returned  to  the  "  Lil^erty  Pole,"  six  miles  nearer  to  this  city.  Here 
he  taught  for  eight  years,  when  he  was  offered  the  charge  of  the  school  in 
Nassau  street,  opposite  the  Middle  Dutch  Church,  then  under  the  care  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Having  spent  three  years  in  this  connection,  he  was 
appointed,  in  the  year  1810,  as  the  master  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
School.     Deceased  March  26,  1865,  aged  91  years  and  one  month. 


'/z^c/     ^^^A^JZ^aP 


SCHOOLMASTER 
I8IOIO    1842. 


ARTOTYPE,    E.    BIERSTADT,    N.    Y. 


FROM     1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  81 

whose  instrumentality  its  advantages  have  been  secured  and  its 
best  interests  advanced. 

Such  a  deprivation  this  school  was  called  to  experience  in 
1848,  in  the  decease  of  Noah  Wetmore,  Esq.  For  the  thirteen 
years  that  he  had  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  (a 
period  longer  than  any  of  his  predecessors  in  office  had  served), 
he  had  been  its  presiding  officer. 

Hon.  Thomas  Jeremiah,  Secretary  of  this  Board  from  Febru- 
ary, 1846,  to  February,  1852,  and  its  presiding  officer  from  Feb- 
ruary, 1857,  to  February,  1872,  having  died  the  2d  inst. ,  at  the 
age  of  79  years,  7  months  and  3  days,  the  accompanying  pre- 
amble and  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted  by  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  November  5,  1872  : 

Whereas,  It  has  pleased  Almighty  God,  in  His  all-wise  Providence,  lo  call 
from  earthly  labors  to  his  heavenly  rest,  although  at  a  ripe  old  age,  yet  in 
the  day  of  usefulness,  our  venerable  and  esteemed  friend,  Hon.  Thotnas  Jere- 
miah, who  for  twenty-one  years  has  been  an  officer  of  this  Board,  and  its  Presi- 
dent for  the  past  fifteen  years  ;  and, 

Whereas,  It  is  fitting  that  this  Board  express  its  feelings  in  regard  to  this 
sad  dispensation  ;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  in  his  decease  the  School  of  the  Collegiate  Dutch  Church, 
and  the  pupils  therein,  have  sustained  a  loss  that  will  be  long  felt  in  the  de- 
parture of  a  warm-hearted  sympathizer,  and  that,  while  we  shall  deeply  feel 
his  absence  from  the  counsels  of  this  Board,  yet  we  bow  in  submission  to  the 
Divine  will,  and  are  sincerely  grateful  to  our  Heavenly  Father  that  he  was  so 
long  permitted  to  remain  among  us,  to  aid  us  by  his  advice,  his  fervent  prayers, 
affectionate  admonitions  and  Christian  liberality  and  example. 

Resolved,  That  we  do  most  sincerely  and  affectionately  sympathize  with 
his  bereaved  family  in  this  dispensation  of  Providence,  which  has  deprived  them 
of  a  father  loving  and  beloved,  the  State  of  an  honest  and  honorable  citizen, 
this  Board  of  a  wise  and  prudent  counselor,  the  Church  of  a  steadfast  sup- 
porter and  faithful  witness. 

Resolved,  That  in  testimony  of  our  attachment  to  his  memory  and  respect 
to  his  worth,  this  Board  and  the  school  under  its  care  attend  his  funeral  in  a 
body,  and  that  the  rooms  of  the  school  be  draped  in  mourning  for  thirty  days. 

Resolved,  That  these  resolutions  be  published  in  the  Christian  Intelligencer 
and  New  York  Observer,  and  communicated  to  the  family  of  deceased. 

JOHN  C.  CALHOUN,  Chairman. 
HENRY  SNYDER,  Secretary. 

November  27,  1874. — At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  the  following  resolutions  in  regard  to  the  death  of  Mr. 
John  C.  Calhoun  were  adopted  and  ordered  to  be  entered  upon 
the  minutes : 

Whereas,  God  in  His  Providence  has  been  pleased  to  remove  from  our 
midst  John  C.  Calhoun,  who  has  been  a  member  of  this  Board  for  thirteen 
years,  and  for  the  past  three  years  its  Chairman  ;  and, 

Whereas,   He  has  ever  been  faithful  in  his  discharge  of  the  duties  com- 
mitted to  his  trust,  seeking  by  his  efforts  and  prayers  to  promote  the  welfare  of 
this  school  of  the  Church  ;  therefore, 
G 


82  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL,     ETC. 

Resolved,  That  by  his  death  this  Board  has  lost  a  most  useful  member  and 
an  efficient  presiding  officer  ;  that  we  regret  the  loss  of  his  prayers,  his  zeal  and 
his  wise  and  judicious  counsels,  and  that  the  school,  by  this  Providence,  is  de- 
prived of  the  aid  of  one  who  manifested  an  abiding  interest  in  its  prosperity, 
who  cherished  it  as  an  object  dear  to  his  Christian  heart,  and  who,  in  his  inter- 
course with  the  scholars,  was  ever  so  kind  and  genial,  that  it  may  be  said,  all 
the  children  loved  him. 

Resolved,  That  we  deeply  and  sincerely  sympathize  with  his  family  in  this 
sad  bereavement,  which  deprived  them  of  an  affectionate  husband  and  a  kind 
and  loving  father. 

Resolved,  That  out  of  respect  to  his  memory  and  worth,  the  school-room  be 
draped  in  mourning  for  a  period  of  thirty  days  ;  that  the  members  of  this 
Board  attend  his  funeral  in  a  body  ;  and  that  the  school  be  closed  until  Tues- 
day, December  ist,  in  order  to  afford  the  teachers  and  scholars  an  opportunity 
to  attend  his  funeral. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions,  signed  by  the  officers  of  the 
Board,  be  sent  to  the  family  of  the  deceased,  and  be  published  in  the  Christian 
Intelligencer  and  the  Sower  and  Gospel  Field. 

HENRY  W.  BOOKSTAVER,  Chairman,  pro  tern. 
ALEXIS  A.  JULIEN,  Secretary. 


APPENDIX. 


Attendance  of  the  Children  on  the  Sabbath. 

In  conformity  with  a  prominent  feature  of  this  institution, 
which  happily  combines  religious  with  intellectual  education,  its 
pupils,  independent  of  instruction  in  the  principles  of  Divine 
truth  received  through  the  week,  have  ever  been  required  to 
attend  divine  service  on  the  Sabbath.  Subsequent  to  the  Revo- 
lutionary War,  the  children  assembled  every  Sabbath  at  the 
school-room  in  Garden  Street,  in  ample  time  to  proceed  with 
their  teacher  to  the  seats  provided  for  them  in  the  "Old 
Church." 

After  Sabbath  Schools  were  established  in  the  city,  they  at- 
tended the  one  held  in  the  Consistory  building,  at  the  corner  of 
Nassau  and  Ann  streets,  till  the  year  1829,  when  a  school  was 
organized  in  the  New  or  Middle  Church,  Nassau  Street  ;  and 
here,  under  Sabbath  School  instruction  and  the  teachings  of  the 
sacred  desk,  they  remained  till  the  year  1840,  when  they  occu- 
pied the  gallery  of  the  North  Church,  attending  at  the  same  time 
the  Sabbath  School  in  the  Consistory  building,  at  the  corner  of 
Ann  and  Nassau  streets.  In  September,  1841,  a  majority  of  the 
children  having  been  found  to  reside  north  of  Grand  Street, 
Consistory  directed  them  to  attend  the  Sabbath  School  and  church 
in  Ninth  Street,  between  Broadway  and  the  Fourth  Avenue. 

This  institution  being  the  only  one  of  the  kind  connected 
with  the  Dutch  Church,  and  being  composed  of  children  whose 
parents  resided  in  the  vicinity  of  the  churches  which  they  respect- 
ively attended,  it  became  an  onerous  duty  for  the  scholars  to  at- 
tend twice  on  the  Sabbath,  from  distances  ranging  from  Dey 
Street  to  Twenty-third  Street,  and  from  the  North  to  the  East 
River.  Many  communications  on  the  subject  having  been 
addressed  to  the  Trustees  by  the  parents,  the  Consistory,  in  Jan- 
uary, 1847,  granted  the  Board  the  privilege  of  permitting  the 
children  to  attend  Sabbath  School  and  church  at  those  churches 
with  which  their  parents  were  connected,  and  near  which  they 
resided. 

This  privilege  was  then  generally  enjoyed  by  the  children, 
under  the  following  regulations,  which  accompanied  each  cer- 
tificate : 

Resolved,  That  in  all  cases  in  which  any  pupil  of  the  school  is  permitted  to 
attend  .Sabliath  School  and  church  elsewhere  than  at  Ninth  Street,  it  shall  l)e 


84  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

the  duty  of  such  child  to  produce  a  monthly  certificate  from  his  Superintendent 
that  he  regularly  attends  the  Sabbath  School  and  church  with  which  he  is  con- 
nected, and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Principal  of  the  school  to  report  all 
cases  of  omission  to  this  Board,  accompanied  with  explanations  of  the  cause. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  be  communicated  by  the  Prin- 
cipal to  parents,  guardians  and  Superintendents  who  are  interested  in  the  same. 

As  one  great  object  of  the  school  is  religious  instruction,  the  above  resolu- 
tions have  been  adopted,  that  the  Trustees  may  be  assured  that  the  Sabbath  is 
not  violated  by  any  of  the  pupils  of  the  school,  but  that  they  are  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  religious  instruction  in  the  Sabbath  School  and  under  the  preaching  of 
the  Gospel. 

THOMAS  JEREMIAH,   Secretary. 

January  25,  1847. 

This  same  privilege  is  now  conceded  to  all  the  scholars,  re- 
siding, as  many  of  them  do,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
school. 

Revenue  of  the  School. 

During  the  first  thirty  years  of  the  existence  of  the  school,  its 
teachers,  appointed  by  the  Dutch  West  India  Company,  in  con- 
nection with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  were  remunerated  from 
the  treasury  of  the  Colonial  Government. 

While  the  city  was  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  English,  the 
support  of  the  school  devolved  entirely  upon  Consistory.  Whether 
its  expenses,  which  were  not  very  great,  were  defrayed  by  annual 
collections  in  the  churches,  or  by  a  resort  to  such  limited  sources 
of  revenue  as  the  Church  may  have  possessed,  cannot  be  definitely 
ascertained. 

On  the  re-organization  of  the  school,  subsequent  to  the  Revo- 
lutionary War,  commencing  in  1789,  collections  were  annually 
made  in  the  three  branches  of  the  Collegiate  Church.  The 
money  thus  obtained  was  expended  in  clothing  the  children  ;  the 
teacher's  salary,  and  other  expenses  of  the  school,  were  defrayed 
from  the  general  fund  of  the  Church. 

Subsequently  (1792)  a  legacy,  amounting  to  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  dollars,  was  bequeathed  by  Elias  Brevoort  to  Consistory 
for  the  benefit  of  the  school.  This  gave  rise  to  an  eff"ort  ' '  to 
secure  an  independent  revenue  for  the  future  advancement  of  the 
seminary;"  and  it  was  Resolved,  "That  measures  betaken  for 
establishing  a  fund  to  be  put  at  interest."  "That,  in  addition  to 
testamentary  and  other  donations  which  have  been  or  may  be  given 
for  the  support  of  the  school,  the  overplus  of  all  moneys  annually 
collected,  after  the  payment  of  all  charges,  be  added  to  the  fund." 
"That  all  money  received  and  collected  for  the  use  of  the  school 
shall  be  received  by  the  Treasurer,  and  paid  by  him,  on  the  war- 
rants of  Consistory."  In  the  year  1808,  this  was  amended  so 
as  to  read,  "on  the  audit  and  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
only,  and  not  otherwise."     And  it  was  further  i?^j-o/wd' (1792), 


FROM     1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  85 

"That  the  Treasurer  shall  hereafter  keep  a  separate  and  distinct 
account  of  all  moneys  received  on  account  of  this  fund,  and  of 
their  appropriation  ;  and  that  both  principal  and  interest  of  said 
moneys  shall  be  applied  invariably  to  the  maintenance  of  this 
charity,  and  the  promotion  of  its  interests."  The  Treasurer,  in 
his  Annual  Report  to  Consistory,  renders  an  account  of  the  re- 
ceipts and  expenditures  of  this  fund,  which  report  is  audited  by  a 
Committee  of  Consistory  appointed  for  the  purpose. 

As  the  combined  result  of  four  different  legacies,*  and  annual 
collections  in  the  Collegiate  Church,  the  fund  of  the  school,  in 
1826,  amounted  to  eleven  thousand  and  twenty-seven  dollars  and 
ninety-two  cents  ($11,027.92). 

This  was  subsequently  increased  by  annual  collections  in  the 
Collegiate  Church,  so  that,  in  1847,  the  fund  amounted  to  sixteen 
thousand  two  hundred  and  eighteen  dollars  and  eight  cents 
($16,218.08). 

The  purchase  of  the  lots  on  Fourth  Street,  and  the  erection 
of  the  school-house,  exhausted  $9,260.70  of  this,  which,  with 
subsequent  outlays  upon  the  building,  amounting  to  $561.79, 
left  in  the  Treasurer's  hands  $6,395.59. 

The  salaries  of  the  teachers,  the  clothing  of  the  children,  fuel, 
books  and  stationery  amounted,  for  the  year  1852,  according  to 
the  Treasurer's  Annual  Report,  to  $2,412.72. 

The  income  from  the  different  sources  of  revenue  for  the  same 
year  amounted  to  $1,121.74;  leaving  a  deficit  of  $1,290.98, 
which  was  met  by  Consistory. 

Is  there  not  sufficient  of  the  spirit  of  our  godly  ancestors,  who 
founded  and  sustained  the  school  for  so  many  generations,  to 
induce  its  friends,  in  view  of  the  incalculable  good  which  the 
institution  has  accomplished  in  days  that  are  past ;  in  view  of  its 
present  acknowledged  usefulness  to  the  children  of  our  Church, 
to  make  an  effort  to  secure  for  it  an  independent  fund,  fully 
adequate  to  its  support .''     We  believe  that  there  is. 

Locality  of  the  School. 

For  more  than  a  hundred  years  after  its  establishment  the 
school  was  kept  at  various  places  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Bowling- 
Green,  apartments  being  hired  for  that  purpose.  Prior  to  1748 
it  was  at  the  corner  of  INIarketfield  and  Broad  streets.  At  this 
date  the  first  school-house  was  erected  in  Garden  Street,  where 
it  remained  for  a  period  of  seventy-six  years  ;  but  as  the  congre- 
gation removed  from  the  lower  extremity  of  the  city,  the  North 
Church  became  its  centre  ;  and  under  these  circumstances  the  prop- 

•  Elias  Brevoort's,  1792,  $750;  Sarah  De  Peystei's,  1802,  $5,392.78; 
Isaac  Slidell's,  1804,  $831.37  ;  Mary  Bassett's,  1807,  $1,500. 


86  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 

erty,  No.  9  Duane  Street,  near  William  Street,  was  leased  ;  and  after 
undergoing  some  necessary  alterations  the  school  was  removed 
thither,  1824  ;  and  a  dwelling-house  for  the  teacher  (in  lieu  of 
the  one  vacated  in  Garden  Street)  was  erected  in  William  Street, 
east  of  Duane  Street.  The  Newsboys'  Lodging  House,  formerly 
the  Shakspeare  Hotel,  now  occupies  the  space  formerly  inter- 
vening between  the  school-house  and  the  teacher's  residence. 
Here  the  school  remained  till  1835,  when  it  removed  to  No.  106 
Elm  Street,  south-west  corner  of  Canal  Street,  and  the  teacher 
resided  No.  25  Carmine  Street. 

From  1836  to  1841  it  occupied  the  basement  of  the  church 
corner  of  Broome  and  Greene  streets,  removing  thence  to  the 
basement  of  the  church  on  the  corner  of  Greene  and  Houston 
streets,  where  it  remained  for  one  year,  removing,  in  1842,  to 
the  premises  No.  91  Mercer  Streeet.  Here  it  continued  for  five 
years,  when  a  temporary  provision  was  made  for  it  in  the  base- 
ment of  the  Ninth  Street  Church,  pending  the  erection  of  the 
school  edifice  at  No.  183  Fourth  Street. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  year  1840  the  Trustees,  impelled  by 
a  sense  of  duty  towards  the  children  under  their  care,  prepared 
and  presented  a  communication  to  Consistory,  in  which  their 
attention  was  drawn  to  the  necessity  of  providing  a  suitable  and 
permanent  locality  for  the  school,  as  previously  mentioned,  and 
of  adopting  such  other  reformatory  measures  as  would  be  calcu- 
lated to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  institution  over  which  they 
presided.  This  was  the  commencement  of  a  series  of  eff'orts 
which  secured  to  the  school,  from  time  to  time,  important  advan- 
tages, and  which,  after  a  period  of  seven  years,  resulted  in  the 
purchase  of  the  ground  in  Fourth  Street,  west  of  the  Sixth" 
Avenue.  Immediate  measures  were  taken  to  erect  thereon  an 
edifice  suitable  for  school  purposes,  Messrs.  Peter  R.  Warner, 
Mortimer  De  Motte,  and  Thomas  Jeremiah  constituting  the 
Building  Committee. 

The  building,  No.  183  Fourth  Street,  erected  for  the  express 
accommodation  of  the  school,  was  a  substantial  brick  edifice, 
forty  feet  front  by  forty-five  feet  deep. 

The  main  room  on  the  first  floor  was  occupied  by  the  Boys' 
Department  ;  adjacent  to  which  were  two  class-rooms,  and  a 
wardrobe  for  their  accommodation. 

The  second  floor  was  occupied  by  the  Girls'  Department. 
It  consisted  of  one  large  room  and  four  class-rooms.  In  one  of 
these  the  Trustees  held  their  stated  meetings  ;  and  its  walls  were 
occupied  with  specimens  of  drawings  and  ornamental  needle- 
work executed  and  presented  by  the  graduates  of  the  institution  ; 
and  also  with  frames  containing  their  daguerreotypes,  from  the 
establishment  of  Abraham  Bogardus,  photographer. 


FROM    1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  87 

The  rooms  on  the  third  floor  were  appropriated  to  exercises 
in  sewing,  drawing,  etc. 

Outline  maps  were  delineated  on  the  walls  of  the  school- 
rooms, and  each  department  was  supplied  with  the  Croton  water. 

The  Trustees  of  the  institution,  desirous  of  providing  for  the 
children  the  means  of  enriching  their  minds  with  profitable  read- 
ing, and  of  cultivating  among  them  a  taste  for  literary  pursuits, 
induced  a  number  of  its  friends  to  contribute  funds  sufficient 
to  procure  not  only  a  list  of  miscellaneous  works  adequate  at  that 
time  (1847)  to  the  wants  of  the  school,  but  also  some  astronomical 
apparatus.  The  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  has  since  been 
augmented  by  some  valuable  works  donated  by  Hon.  James  W. 
Beekman,  and  in  March,  I'i  ^6,  fifty -one  volumes  were  added,  the 
gift  of  Peier  R.  Warner,  Esq.,  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
again,  in  1864,  for  all  which  a  vote  of  thanks  was  presented  to 
him  by  the  Board. 

Ground  was  broken  in  July,  1847,  ^.nd  the  building  was  so 
far  completed  that  the  Anniversary  exercises  were  held  therein, 
October  28th,  in  the  presence  of  a  crowded  audience.  The 
Order  of  Exercises  was  as  follows  : 

1.  Prayer,  by  Rev.  John  Knox,  D.D. 

2.  Hymn,  by  the  Scholars,  "Jerusalem,  my  happy  home." 

3.  Declamation,  "  The  President  " Alexander  H.  Layman 

4.  Examination  in  Arithmetic 

5.  Singing,  "Come,  come,  come." 

6.  Declamation,  "  Our  School  " Charles  F.  Conant 

7.  Round,  by  Twenty -one  Young  Ladies — 

"Esto  perpetua, 

With  the  heavenly  blessing, 

May  each  one  wish  for  '  Our  School  ' 

Esto  perpetua." 

8.  Class  of  Young  Ladies  in  Astronomy. 

9.  Declamation,  "A  General  Description  of  the  Solar  System  " 

Miss  Rachel  A.  Mickens 
ID.  Chorus,  "When  up  the  Mountains  climbing." 

11.  Examination  in  Geography. 

12.  Reading,  "  I  would  not  live  alway  ".  .Miss  Catharine  W.  Edmonds 

13.  Third  Catechism  Class Miss  Sarah  C.  Mickens 

14.  Chorus,  "Long  Live  America." 

.-     -rv. .,„„.,.,     .<c-       •        r      .u     TVJiv        ,,  I  PEACEFUL...  C/iflJ  /'.   C^«a«/ 

15.  Dialogue,      Smgmg  for  the  Million      f  ^j^    goLO  ..John  Marseilles 

16.  Class  in  Reading John  H.  Magonigle 

17.  Reading,  "  Moses  in  the  bulrushes  " Miss  Sophia  See 

18.  Singing,  by  a  Class  of  Young  Ladies — 

"  Daughter  of  Zion  awake  from  thy  sadness. 
Awake,  for  thy  foes  shall  oppress  thee  no  more. 

Bright  o'er  the  hills  dawns  the  day-star  of  gladness, 
Arise,  for  the  night  of  thy  sorrow  is  o'er."  etc. 

19.  Dialogue,  "The  Mother,"  by  Misses  Isabella  IV.  Gray,  Mary  E. 

Banker,    Agnes   L.   Gray,  Louisa  J.    Ayres,    Ann   Augusta 
Ayres,  Edgar  Ayres,  and  James  Lamberson. 


88  HISTORY    OF    THE    SCHOOL 

20.  Senior  Catechism  Class. 

21.  Chorus,  "  Starlight  is  streaming  " .By  a  Class  of  Young  Ladies 

22.  Distribution   of   Premiums,  and   Presentation  of  the  "Honors" 

of  the  School  to  the  graduates. 

23.  Trio,  "Oft  in  the  Stilly  Night, ' M/zj.f<?j  Ann  E.  Myers,  Elizabeth  A. 

Mickens  and  Hannah  T.  Gray. 

24.  Valedictory Joseph  Banvard  Ayres 

25.  Parting  Song  by  the  Graduates. 

"  Then  take  the  hand  that  now  is  warm, 

Within  a  hand  of  thine — 
No  distant  day  shall  lose  the  grasp 

Of  auld  lang  syne,"  etc. 

26.  Chorus,  accompanied  with  motions — 

"We  are  all  noddin',  nid,  nid,  noddin' 

We  are  all  noddin'  and  dropping  off  to  sleep — 

Our  parents,  too,  are  waiting— Oh,  we  hope  they  will  not  scold, 

Our  teachers,  too,  are  tired,  therefore,  good  night,  young  and  old." 

27.  DOXOLOGY  AND  BENEDICTION. 

November  10. — The  building  having  been  properly  furnished 
with  desks,  etc. ,  the  school  was  removed  from  the  Ninth  Street 
Church,  where  the  sessions  had  been  held  while  the  school-house 
was  being  built,  and  Noah  Wetmore,  Esq.,  who  was  then  and  had 
been  for  many  years  the  presiding  officer  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
conducted  the  opening  exercises,  and  commended  the  school 
in  all  its  interests  to  the  favor  of  the  Almighty. 

A  Mission  Sabbath  School,  of  which  Mr.  Richard  Amerman 
was  Superintendent,  had  been  sustained  for  some  years  by  the 
Collegiate  Church,  29th  Street  and  5th  Avenue.  It  had  been 
held  in  hired  halls,  which  were  occupied  during  the  week  for 
other  purposes. 

Notwithstanding  this  serious  inconvenience  the  school  in- 
creased in  numbers  and  became  so  successful  that  an  effort  was 
made  to  secure  for  it  a  permanent  home.  Some  objection  having 
been  made  to  this  on  account  of  the  expense,  the  friends  of  the 
Mission  School  proposed  to  Consistory  to  dispose  of  the  property 
in  Fourth  Street  and  to  erect  a  building  in  West  29th  Street, 
No.  160,  in  which  the  Mission  School  could  be  held  and  Divine 
services  introduced  under  a  regularly  appointed  pastor. 

The  second  and  third  stories  were  to  be  constructed  with  the 
view  of  accommodating  the  day  school. 

This  proposition  was  approved  by  the  Consistory ;  the  present 
school  edifice,  now  known  as  the  De  Witt  Chapel,  was  finished 
and  the  school  removed  thither  from  Fourth  Street,  November 
14,  1861. 

The  building  is  50  feet  front,  84  feet  deep,  and  63  feet  in 
height. 

The  hallway  is  25  feet  by  19  feet  6  inches,  and  contains  two 
flights  of  stairs,  4  feet  wide. 


FROM     1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  89 

On  the  first  floor  is  the  Chapel,  used  for  Divine  worship  and 
for  Sabbath  School  purposes  ;  also,  the  Pastor's  Study. 

The  second  floor  consists  of  the  assembly  room  for  the  day- 
school,  55  by  35,  and  two  recitation  rooms,  each  21  by  12.  On 
the  walls  of  these  three  rooms  are  suspended  the  photographs  of 
the  Trustees  and  of  the  Graduates  ;  delineations  of  the  Grecian 
orders  of  architecture,  used  in  the  lectures  given  on  that  subject  ; 
and  specimens  of  worsted  work,  maps  and  drawings,  executed  by 
the  scholars.  This  room  is  also  furnished  with  a  piano  and  a 
cabinet  organ. 

On  the  third  floor  are  two  recitation  rooms,  each  23  by  17  ; 
two  others,  each  21  by  12  ;  a  Library  room,  14  by  12,  and  another 
of  the  same  dimensions  containing  astronomical  and  philosophi- 
cal apparatus. 

All  of  the  rooms  have  high  ceilings,  are  thoroughly  ventilated 
and  well  lighted.  The  play  ground  extends  beneath  the  entire 
building  with  the  exception  of  the  furnace  rooms. 

The  228th  Anniversary  of  the  School  and  the  Inauguration 
of  this  building,  erected  for  its  accommodation  by  the  Consistory 
of  the  Collegiate  Church,  took  place  on  the  evening  of  Novem- 
ber 14,  1861. 

"The  large  room  and  all  the  approaches  to  it,  wherever 
standing  room  could  be  procured,  were  filled  with  the  friends  of 
the  institution  and  the  pupils.  The  Addresses  were  interspersed 
with  Exercises  by  the  Scholars,  which  were  in  every  way  creditable 
to  them  and  to  their  Teachers." 

1.  The   Dedicatory  Address   and   Prayer  were  by  Rev.   James   M. 

Mathews,  D.D.,*  Chancellor  of  the  New  York  University. 

2.  Chanting  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  by  the  Pupils. 

3.  Address,  by  Rev.  Thomas  De   Witt,  D.D.,  in  which  he  alluded  to 

the  origin  of  the  School  and  its  distinctive  feature  of  religious  in- 
struction. 

4.  Dedication  Song,  by  the  Pupils. 

5.  "Our  Guiding  Star"  (Composed  for  the  occasion  by  Mr.  Thomas 

G.  Williamson),  by  James  S.  Huyler. 

6.  Address,  by  Rev.  Talbot  IV.  Chambers,  D.D. 

7.  Solo,  "  Annie  Lisle  " Miss  Mary  E.  Worth 

8.  A    Dialogue,  by  Alfred  P.  Vredenburgh,  Frederick  H.   Crum,  and 

Edward  P.    Tracy,   in   which    Governor    Petrus    Stuyvesant 
(personated  by  John  D.  Giffing)  revisits  the  school  after  a  lapse  of 
two  centuries. 
T^  ,<c-.         •-.»  .u       ))  I  Miss  Emma  Morrell 

9.  Duet,      Sister  spirit  stay  not  here       . . . .  j  ^.^^  Henrietta  H.  Huyler 

10.  Declamation,  "  Washington  " Robert  H.  Van  Deusen 

11.  "  "  The  American  Flag  " L.  C.  Levin  Jordan 

12.  Chorus,  "  Song  of  Liberty." 

*  Dr.  Mathews  was  also  Pastor  of  the  South  Church  in  Garden  Street  front 
1813  to  1835,  and  of  the  Church  on  Washington  Square  from  1837  to  1842. 
G2 


90  HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL,    ETC. 

13.  Presentation  of  Premiums  by  Hon.   Thomas  Jeremiah  and  Mr. 

Richard  Amerinan,  the  Committee  for  the  month. 

14.  Address,  by  John  D.  Giffing,  and  Presentation  to  the  Trus- 

tees, on  behalf  of  the  members  of  the  Prayer  Meeting,  of  a  4to 
Bible,  for  the  lectern  of  the  School. 

15.  Response  by  the  Chairman,  Hon.  Thotnas  Jeremiah. 

16.  Presentation  of  the  "  Honors  "  of  the  School  to  the  Graduates— 

Sarah  C.  Mott.  Peter  I.  Ackerman. 

Mary  F.  Htiyler.  Charles  P.  Arkills. 

Wilhelmina  Steinhaus.  James  Oliver  Bogert. 

Jacob  Hahn.  Thomas  Tully, 

Samuel  D.  Van  Saun. 

17.  Address  to  the  Graduates,  by  Rev.  Peter  Stryker. 

18.  Address,  by  Elder  Samuel  B.  Schieffelin. 

19.  A  Round,  by  the  Pupils,  "  Esto  Perpetua." 

20.  Prayer,  by  Rev.  T.  W.  Chambers,  D.D. 

21.  DoxoLOGY — "  Praise  God,  from  whom  all  blessings  flow." 


THE     SCHOOL, 

Its  Present  Condition,   Qualifications  for  Admission, 
Course  of  Study,   Etc. 

Number  of  Scholars. — Previous  to  the  Revolutionary  War 
the  greatest  number  of  children  in  the  school  at  any  one  period 
was  thirty.  Subsequently  (1783),  when  the  ravages  of  war  had 
unsettled  everything  relating  to  educational  affairs,  and  the  re- 
sources of  the  Church  were  limited,  the  school  re-organized  with 
ten  scholars. 

In  1786  the  number  of  pupils  was  limited  to  twelve. 


1789 
1791 

1800 
1808 
1809 


thirty, 
fifty, 
seventy, 
seventy-two. 
one  hundred. 


Up  to  this  date,  as  a  general  thing,  the  Principal  had  enjoyed 
the  privilege  of  having /ay-scholars,  in  addition  to  the  numbers 
above  given  ;  but  none  of  that  class  have  been  received  since. 

In  1 8 19  the  limit  was  extended  to  one  hundred  and  ten  ; 
which  number,  however,  was  not  complete  till  the  year  1842. 
Subsequently  the  number  of  applicants  for  admission  greatly  in- 
creased. This  fact,  coupled  with  the  earnest  desire  of  the 
Trustees  to  extend  the  peculiar  privileges  of  the  school  to  as 
many  pupils  as  the  building  would  accommodate,  led,  in  the 
beginning  of  1850,  to  the  simultaneous  admission  of  forty  new 
scholars  :  thus  extending  the  limit  to  one  hundred  and  fifty. 

In  January,  1862,  shortly  after  taking  possession  of  the  present 
school  building,  so  great  was  the  number  of  applicants  for  ad- 
mission that  the  limit  was  extended  to  two  hundred,  and  the  fifty 
additional  scholars  were  immediately  admitted. 

Qualifications  for  Admission  into  the  School. —  During  the 
greater  part  of  the  first  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  years  of  the 
existence  of  the  school,  its  doors  were  open  to  all  the  citizens 
who  wished  to  have  their  children  educated  therein.  But  as  our 
denomination  increased  in  the  city,  by  the  formation  of  different 
congregations  issuing  from  the  Collegiate  Church,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  confine  the  privileges  of  the  school  to  those  whose 
ancestors  had  been  its  liberal  supporters ;  and  the  common 
schools  having  sprung  into  existence,  those  precluded  were 
not  left  destitute  of  the  means  of  education.  The  school  was, 
therefore,  from  necessity,  maintained  exclusively  for  the  children 


92 


HISTORY    OF   THE    SCHOOL 


of  those  persons  who  were  either  communing  members,  or  hab- 
itual attendants,  of  some  church  in  our  denomination  ;  a  certifi- 
cate to  that  effect,  signed  by  the  pastor,  being  required  from  the 
applicant. 

April,  1869,  Consistory  "authorized  the  Trustees  to  receive 
into  the  school  children  from  churches  of  other  denominations, 
provided  they  do  not  prevent  the  reception  of  children  from  our 
own  churches,"  thus,  virtually,  throwing  open  its  doors  to  the 
public. 

Course  of  Study. 


Algebra. 

Arithmetic. 

Astronomy. 

Book-keeping. 

Catechism. 

Composition. 

Drawing  —  map, 

chanical. 
Elocution. 
Geography. 
Geometry. 


freehand   and    me- 


Grammar  aud  Etymology. 

History  of  United  States. 

Natural  Philosophy. 

Penmanship. 

Reading. 

Spelling  and  Definitions. 

Universal  History,  with  occasional 
lectures  on  Moral  Philosophy, 
Conchology,  Architecture,  Bot- 
any, Physiology,  etc. 


The  scholars  are  examined  annually  by  the  Trustees,  and  at 
the  Anniversary  or  Commencement  premiums  and  prizes  are  pre- 
sented to  those  pupils  who  have  distinguished  themselves  by 
diligence  in  their  studies  and  correct  deportment  ;  and  the 
"Honors"  of  the  school  are  bestowed  upon  the  graduates. 
These  consist  of  a  Bible,  a  Psalm  Book,  containing  the  Cate- 
chism, and  liturgy  of  our  Church  ;  the  history  of  the  School,  and 
a  Diploma*  signed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  the  Principal. 

The  extent  and  thoroughness  of  the  instruction  imparted, 
the  correct  habits  induced,  and  the  integrity  of  their  moral  char- 
acter, have  acquired  for  the  children  a  worthy  reputation.  Ot 
late  years  the  demand  for  clerks  and  apprentices,  from  merchants 
and  others,  has  exceeded  the  ability  to  supply  them.  Many 
scholars  have  thus  obtained  desirable  situations  with  individuals 
in  whose  employ  no  fear  is  entertained  of  the  corruption  of  their 
moral  principles  ;  and  of  the  whole  number  of  those  who  have 
graduated  within  the  past  ten  years,  and  entered  upon  the  active 
duties  of  life,  not  one,  so  far  as  is  known,  has  failed  to  sustain  a 
reputation  for  intelligence,  ability  and  moral  worth.     And  it  is  a 

*  These  testimonials,  originally  written,  were  first  presented  in  1792.  In 
1827  they  were  printed  from  a  copperplate  engraved  expressly  for  the  purpose. 
The  Bible  was  added  in  1809,  and  the  psalm-book  in  1812.  Many  individuals 
who  hold  these  honors  are  now  mantaining,  by  their  integrity  and  usefulness, 
a  high  rank  as  merchants,  artisans,  and  members  of  the  learned  professions  ; 
among  whom  may  be  found  the  names  of  a  few  in  the  ministerial  calling. 
Books  were  first  distributed  as  premiums  in  1810. 


FROM     1783    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  93 

happiness  to  know  that  a  majority  of  them,  under  the  influences 
of  the  Holy  Spirit,  have  embraced  the  truth  inculcated  and  early 
impressed,  and  are  now  wielding  their  influence  for  the  advance- 
ment of  their  Saviour's  cause. 

Thus  fruit  abounds  to  the  praise  of  Him  who  has  watched 
over  and  guided  this  institution  amidst  all  the  vicissitudes  of 
changing  time,  till  it  now  stands  a  venerable  monument  of  the 
past,  yet  possessed  of  pristine  vigor  to  meet  the  claims  of  the 
future  ;  contemplating,  as  the  true  idea  of  education,  the  simul- 
taneous and  harmonious  development  of  the  moral,  intellectual 
and  physical  powers  ;  co-operating  in  rendering  efficiency  to  the 
instructions  of  home  and  the  sanctuary  ;  preparing  the  future 
citizen  for  usefulness  and  happiness  here  and  hereafter,  and  im- 
parting light  to  the  future  saint,  whose  influence  shall  be  on  the 
side  of  truth,  and  whose  fervent  prayer  will  go  up  to  the  God  of 
love  and  grace,  for  the  hastening  of  the  day  when  '■'wisdom  and 
knowledge  shall  be  stability  of  the  times,"  and  for  the  fulfillment  to 
His  Church  of  the  promise  of  the  covenant-keeping  God  :  ''All 
thy  children  shall  be  taught  of  the  Lord. " 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

1642—1883. 

From  1633  to  1808  the  school  was  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of 
Deacons,  each  of  whom  served  at  least  two  years.  Many  were  re-elected 
several  terms.  The  dates  prefixed  to  their  names  indicate  when  the  term 
of  service  commenced. 

1642. — Joachim   Pietersen  Kuyter  {Merchant).     Schepen,  1654. 
Records  lacking. 

Appointed. 

1668. — Boole  Roelofszen. 

Mr.  Gerrit  Van  Fricht. 

Jacobus  de  Kay,  Aid.  Out  Ward,  1702  to  1705. 
1669. — Hendrick  Cutrier. 
1670. — Pieter  Jacobus  Marius  {Merchant),  Aid.,  1677  to  1682. 

Mr.  Jacob  Leixsler. 
1671. — Hieronymus  Ebbing,  Schepen,  1659,  '61,  '73. 

Pieter  Stoutenberg. 
1672. — Nicolaes  Bayard,   Asst.-Ald.    Out    Ward,  1743  to   1753. 
Aid.,  1785  to  1796. 

Stephanus  Cortlandt. 
1673. — Balthazar    Bayard,     Asst.-Ald.      West     Ward,     1686-87. 

Aid.,  1 69 1. 
1674. — Isaac  van  Kleeck. 
1675. — Reynier  Wilhemszen. 
1676. — Adolf  Pieterszen. 

Pieter  de  Riemer. 
1677. — Thomas  Laurenszen. 

Pieter  de  la  Noy. 
1678. — John  Darvall. 

Petrus  Bayard  [Merchant],  Asst.-Ald.  West  Ward,  1706-07. 
1681. — Dr.  Johanness  Kerfbyl. 
1682. — Jan  Harberding. 

1683. — Brandt   Schuyler   {Merchant),    Aid.    South    Ward,    1691 
to  1699. 

Hendrick  Wessels. 
1684. — ]o\\diniiQ?,K\\i  {Merchant),  Asst.-Ald.,  1684.     Aid.,  1685. 

North  Ward,  1687,  '91,  '92,  '96. 
1685. — Jacob  Boelen  {Merchant),  Aid.  North  Ward,  1695-97-98, 

1701. 
1686.— Theunis  de  Kay,  Asst.-Ald.  North  Ward,  1685  to  1687. 
1691-92. 


OFFICERS    OF    THE    SCHOOL.  95 

1687. — Carlton  Luerson. 
Jacobus  Kip,  Jr. 
1688.— Jan  Spratt  {Merchant),  Aid.  Dock  Ward,  1688-89. 
1689. — Isaac  de  Freest,  Schepen,  1658. 

Records  Lacking. 

1693. — Jacobus    van    Cortlandt    [Merchant),    Aid.,    1686.     Dock 

Ward,  1694  to  1703.     Mayor,  1710,  1719. 
1694. — Johannes  de  Peyster  {Merchant),  Asst.-Ald.  Dock  Ward, 
1694-95.     Mayor,  1698.      Aid.  East  Ward,  1700-01, 
1 7 10. 
1695. — Isaac   de    Riemer  {Merchant),   Asst.-Ald.    South    Ward, 
1696-97.      Aid.    West    Ward,    1699.      Mayor,    1700. 
Aid.,  1702,  '07  ;   1714  to  1717. 
1696. — Dirck  ten  Eyck. 

Isaacq  de  Peyster  {Merchant),   Asst.-Ald.    South    Ward, 
1730  to  1733. 
1697. — Nicolas  Roosevelt,  Aid.  South  Ward,  1700-01. 

Isaacq  Kip. 
1698. — Johannes  van  Giessen. 

David   Provost,  Jr.  {Merchant),  Aid.   Dock    Ward,    1697. 
Mayor,  1699.     Aid.,   1700-01-02-08. 
1699. — Alburtis  Ringo. 
Jacobus  Goelet. 
1700. — Mr.  Samuel  Staats, 
1 701. — Gerrit  Duiken. 

Leendert  Huigen. 
1702. — Gysbert  van  Imburg. 

Jan  Wanshaar. 
1703. — Johannes  Hardenbroek,  Asst.-Ald.  North  Ward,  1695-96. 
Aid.  Montgomerie  Ward,  1731-32-33. 
Jacobus  van  der  Spiegel. 
1704. — Olphert     Syoerts     {Masm),     Asst.-Ald.      West     Ward, 
1704-05-07. 
Andries    Maerschalk,    Asst.-Ald.    North    Ward,    1714  to 
1727. 
1705. — Jan  Narbury. 

Pieter  van  Tilburg. 
1706. — Benjamin  Wynkoop. 
1708. — Johannes  Kruger. 

Andries  Abrahamze. 
1709. — Capt.  Cornelius  de  Peyster  {Merchant),  Asst.-Ald.  South 
Ward,  1703  to  1705 — 1710  to  1718. 
Barend  Reynders,  Aid.  East  Ward,  1705-06. 
Isaac  Stoutenburg,  Asst.-Ald.  North   Ward,  1740  to  1747. 
1 7 10. — Gerrit  van  Hoorn. 


96  OFFICERS    OF    THE    SCHOOL. 

171 1. — Antony   Rutgers  (Baker),  Ass/. -A/d.   North    Ward,   1710 

to  1712.     Aid,  1727  to  1734. 
1 7 12. — Samuel    Bayard     (Merchant),     Asst.-Ald.     Dock     Ward, 

1698-99,  1700. 
1713. — Adriaan  Man. 

Mr.  Jacobus  Kip    (Merchant),  Aid.   North    Ward,    1709 
to  1726. 
1714. — Mr,  Philip  Schuyler  (Merchant),  Asst.-Ald.  South  Ward, 

1719  to  1722. 
171 5. — Capt.  Joan  van  Hoorn. 

Philip  van  Cortlandt,    Asst.-Ald.    East    Ward,    17 14    to 
1716.     Aid.,  1 71 7  to  1729. 
1 7 16. — Willem  Provost. 

Olivier   Teller   (Merchant),  Asst.-Ald.  Dock    Ward,    171 5 
to  1729. 
1717. — Johannes  van  der  Heul. 

Dr.  Jacob  Moene. 
1 7 18. — Abraham  Keteltas,  Asst.-Ald.  North  Ward,  1703  to  1706. 

Asst.  East  Ward,  1708-09. 
1719. — Jacob  Ten  Eyck. 
Cornelius  Louw. 
1 72 1. — Jan   Roosevelt  (Merchant),  Asst.-Ald.  East    Ward,    171 7 

to  1729.     Aid.,  1730  to  1733. 
1722. — Hermanus  van  Gelder  (Merchant),  Asst.-Ald.  West  Ward, 
1 7 14.     Aid.,  171 5  to  1733. 
Christoffel    Banker,    Aid.  North    Ward,   1738    to    1742  ; 

1755- 
1723. — Abraham  van  Home. 

Willem  Roseboom. 
1724. — Charles  Le   Roux    (Goldsmith),    Asst.-Ald.    East    Ward, 
1735  to  1738. 
Abraham  Boelen. 
1725. — Gerrit  Keteltas. 

Abraham  Lefferts. 
1726. — Hendrick  van  der  Spiegel. 

Abraham  van  Vleck. 
1728. — Paul  Richard  (Merchant),  Mayor,  1735  to  1739  ;  and  from 
1743    until  his  death,    Dec.    1756,    he  represented  the 
City  of  New  York  in  the  General  Assembly. 
Frederick  van  Courtland. 
1729. — Harmanus  Rutgers. 

1730.— Hendrick  Cuyler  (Merchant),  Aid.  Dock  Ward,  1758-59. 
Jacobus  Roseveldt. 
Abraham  van  Wyk. 

Gerardus    Beekman    (Merchant),    Asst.-Ald.    Montgomerie 
Ward,  1 73 1.     Dock  Ward,  1736-37. 


OFFICERS    OF    THE    SCHOOL.  97 

1 73 1. — Gerrit  Roos   {Merchant),   Ass/. -Aid.   North    Ward,    1731 
to  1734. 
Philip  French  {Merchant),  Assl.-Ald.  Dock    Ward,  1696. 

Aid.,  1 70 1.      Mayor,  1702. 
Matthew  Clarkson. 
1732. — Wynant  Van  Zandt. 
Henry  Coerten. 
Coenraadt  Ten  Eyck. 
1733. — Gerrit  Harsen,  Asst.-Ald.  Dock  Ward,  1790.      Assl.-Ald, 
Second  Ward,  1792  to  1797. 
Jacobus  Goelet. 
1734. — Johannes  Maerschalk. 

Nicolaus   Bayard,   Asst.-Ald.    Out    Ward,  1743   to    1753. 
Aid.,   1785  to  1796. 
1735. — Ide  IMyer,  Asst.-Ald.  South  Ward,  1734  to  1744. 

Johannes  Graat. 
1736. — Johannes  Groesbeck. 
Jan  Bogert. 
Petrus  Rutgers  {Brewer),  Asst.-Ald.  East  Ward,  1730  to 

1737. — Evert  Byvank,  Aid.  Mo7itgomerie  Ward,  1754. 

David  Abeel. 

Gulian  Ver  Plank. 

Robert  Livingston,  Jr. 
1738. — Gerardus  Duyckink. 

Abraham  Lynsen. 

Francois  Maerschalk. 
1739. — Joris  Brinckerhoff. 

Abel      Hardenbroek,     Asst.-Ald,     Montgomerie      Ward, 

1732-33- 
Petrus   Van    Ranst,    Aid.    Montgomerie    Ward,    1737    to 

1739- 
1740. — Cornelius  Van  Home,  Gerviter. 

Harmanus  Rutgers,  Jr. 

Cornells  Turck. 
1742. — Andries  Breestede. 

Pieter  Maerschalk. 

Abraham  Ten  Eyck. 
1743. — Adriaen  Bancker. 

Elbert  Herring,  Asst.-Ald.  Out  Ward,  1754  to  1758. 

Pieter  Low. 

Hendrick  Reyke. 
1745. — Jacob  Abrahamse. 

Robert  Benson,   Asst.-Ald.   Montgomerie    Ward,  1740  to 
1749.     Aid.,  1750101753.     Asst.,  1766-67. 

Gerardus  Stuyvesant,  Aid.  Out  Ward,  1722  to  1753. 


98  OFFICERS    OF    THE    SCHOOL. 

1748. — Cornelius  Bogert,  Alderman. 

C.  Van  Ranst. 

Theodore    Van    Wyck,    Asst.-Ald.    Dock    Ward,    1756. 
Aid.  1764. 
1749. — Philip  Livingston  {^Merchant),  Aid.  East   Ward,  1754  to 

1762. 
1750. — Leonard    Lispenard,    Asst.-Ald.    North    Ward,    1750    to 
1755.     Aid.,  1756  to  1762. 

Pieter  Clopper,  Asst.-Ald.  East  Ward,  1751  to  1762, 

J.  Turk. 

John  Brevoort. 
1752. — Hendrick  Bogert,  Asst.-Ald.    West  Ward,  1734  to  1749. 

Dirck  Lefferts. 

Cornelius  Clopper,  Jr. 

Evert  Bancker. 

John  Livingston. 
1753. — Albert  Tiebout. 

1755. — Willem  De  Peyster,  Asst.-Ald.  Montgomerie    Ward,  1750 
to  1753. 

Richard  Ray. 
1756. — Pieter  Keteltas. 

Anthony  Ten  Eyck. 
1757. — John  G.  Lansing,  Asst.-Ald.  Dock  Ward,  1760-61-62. 

Records  lacking. 

176^. — Gerrit  Rapelye,  Asst.-Ald.  East  Ward,  1763-64-65. 

Dirck    Brinckerhoff,    Asst.-Ald.    Dock    Ward,    1763-64. 
Aid.,  1765-66-67. 

John  Hardenbrook,  Asst.-Ald.  Out  PFaro',  1771-72-73. 

Teunis  Tiebout. 

Isaac  Roosevelt. 

Theodore  Roosevelt,  Jr. 
1764. — Fac.  Bogert. 
X766. — Henry  Kip. 

Gerrit  Abeel. 

Nicholas  Bogert. 

Adrian  Bancker,  Jr. 

Jakob  Durye. 

1767. Maerschalk. 

1769. — James  Beekman. 

Isaac  Stoutenberg  {Merchant),  Aid.    West  Ward,  1789  to 
1794. 

Jeremiah  Brouwer. 
1771. — William  W.  Gilbert  {Silversmith),  Aid.   West  Ward,   1783 
to   1788.     Asst.  Seventh    Ward,    1801.     Aid.    Eighth 
Ward,  1804. 


OFFICERS    OF   THE    SCHOOL.  99 

1 77 1. — John  Stagg,  President  of  the  General  Society  of  Mechanics 
and   Tradesmen,    1790  and    1794  ;    Sheriff,    1801    to 
1803. 
Baltus  Van  Kleeck. 
1773. — David  Abeel. 

Hoffman. 

1774. — Nicholas  N.  Anthony. 
Thomas  Andrew  Hoog. 
Tobias  Van  Zandt  {^Chocolate  Manufacturer"),  Asst.-Ald. 

Montgomerie  Ward,  1786  to  1793. 
John   Forbes,  Secretary  and  Librarian  of  N.  V.  Society 

Library,  ijgA^  to  1824. 
William  Heyer. 
1775. — Henry  Romer. 

Philip  Minthorne. 
John  Anthony. 

In  1783  a  majority  of  the  Consistory  having  returned  to  the 
city,  they  re-organized  and  Resolved,  "That  the  same  persons 
who  were  Elders  and  Deacons  on  the  15th  of  July,  1776,  when 
the  city  was  taken  by  the  troops  of  Great  Britain,  and  the  con- 
gregation became  dispersed,  shall  be  now  considered  as  being 
still  the  Elders  and  Deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church  of  the  City  of  New  York,  as  if  no  time  had  elapsed,  and 
the  same  shall  form  (together  with  the  Minister,  who  is  also  re- 
turned) the  Consistory  of  the  said  Church.* 

The  following  named  Deacons  then  resumed  their  office  : 

John  Anthony.  John  Forbes. 

William  W.  Gilbert.  Gerrit  Harsen. 

William  Heyer. 

1784. — William  J.  Elsworth,  Asst.-Ald.  West  Ward,  1789-90-91. 

William  Hardenbrook. 

Francis  Basset. 

Elias  Nexsen  {Merchant),  Aid.  Second  Ward,  1805. 

Robert  Manley. 

Isaac  Johnson. 
1785. — William  De  Peyster. 

Coenrad  W.  Ham. 

Ahasuerus  Turk. 

John  Brouwer. 

George  Janeway  {Brewer),  Asst.-Ald.  North  Ward,  1784 
to  1795.     Aid.  Sixth  Ward,  1803-04. 

John  J.  Roosevelt. 
1786. — John  Sickels. 

•  Con.  Min.,  Lib,  G.  I. 


lOO  OFFICERS    OF    THE    SCHOOL. 

1786. — Anthony  Post  {Builder),  President  0/  the  General  Society 
of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  1789  and  1793. 
Asst.-Ald.  Fourth  Ward,  1792  to  1796.  Aid.  Fourth 
Ward,  i.'^g']. 

Anthony  Abramse. 

John  H.  Kip. 

Abraham  Van   Gelder,   Asst.-Ald.    West    Ward,    1783  to 
1788. 

Thomas    Storm     {Merchant),     Asst.-Ald.     First     Ward, 
1796-97-98. 
1787. — Leonard  Bleecker. 

Charles  Dickinson,  Aid.  Third  Ward,  1808  to  1813. 

George  Harsen. 

John  Van    Dycke  {Chocolate  Manufacturer),   Asst.-Ald. 
South  Ward,  1785  '86  '89  '90. 
1788. — Stephen  Van  Cortlandt. 

James  Van  Antwerp. 

Abraham  Kip. 

William  G.  Forbes. 

John  T.  Elsworth. 
1789. — Frederick    Steymets    {Baker),    Asst.-Ald.    First    Ward, 
1792  to  1795. 

Andrew  Hopper. 

Jacobus  Brown. 
1790. — John  Crolius  {Potter),  Asst.-Ald.  Sixth  Ward,  1799. 

John  Stryker. 
1791. — Jacob  J.  Lansing. 

Thomas  Le  Foy. 

William  Van  Dolsem. 

Simon     Van     Antwerp    {Merchant),     Asst.-Ald.     Third 
Ward,  1804-5-7. 

Peter  Cole. 
1792. — Peter  De  Reimer. 

Abraham  Polhemus. 

Jacob  Abramse. 

Stephen  Smith. 
1793. — Nicholas  Van  Antwerp. 

Charles  Duryee, 

James  Teller. 
1794. — Jacob  Harsen,  Aid.  Ninth  Ward,  1803. 

Henry  M.  Solinger. 

John  Elting. 

John    Nitchie,    Asst.-Ald.    First    Ward,    1799,    1 800-1, 
1812-13. 
1795. — Charles  Dickenson. 

John  Crolius,  Jr. 


OFFICERS    OF    THE    SCHOOL,  lOI 

1795. — Garrit  Waldegrove. 

John  New  Kirck. 

James  Roosevelt  {Merchant),  Aid.  Fourth  Ward,  1809. 

John  Waldron. 
1796. — John  Varick. 

Peter  H.  Wendover  {Saihnaker),  Asst.-AId.  Fourth 
Ward,  1 801;  Aid.  Eighth  Ward,  1811-12-13;  Presi- 
dent of  the  General  Society  of  jMechanics  and  Trades- 
men, 1819  ;   Sheriff,  1822  to  1826. 

Garrit  Hopper. 
1797. — Alexander  Phoenix  Waldron. 

Abraham  Labagh,  President  0/  the  General  Society  0/ Me- 
chanics and  Tradesmen,  1802. 

Peter  Amerman. 

John  V.  B.  Varick. 
1798. — Joseph  Demaray. 

Daniel  Hitchcock,  Presideftt  0/  the  General  Society  0/ 
Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  1800. 

John  Stagg,  Jr. 
1799. — Abraham  Childs. 

Garrit  De  Bow. 

William  King. 

James  H.  Kip. 
1801. — Samuel  Doughty. 

Frederick  Maybee. 

Lawrence  Proudfoot. 

Cornelius  P.  Wyckoff. 
1802. — Abraham  Brouwer,  Jr.,  M.D. 

Nicholas  Evertson. 

Isaac  Sebring. 

John  L.  Van  Kleek. 

John  Van  Orden. 

John  Westervelt. 

James  J.  Westervelt. 
1803. — Isaac  L.  Kip. 

John  Manly. 

John  Stoutenburgh. 
1804. — Seba  Brinckerhoff. 

Peter  Dumont,  M.  D. 

Wandle  Ham. 

James  Van  Dyck, 

John  Wright. 
1805. — Samuel  Delamater, 

Richard  Duryea. 

John  Vanderbilt,  Jr.  {Merchant), Aid.  Second  Ward,  1812. 

Thomas  B.  Whitlock. 


I02  OFFICERS    OF   THE    SCHOOL. 

1806.— Thomas  Boyd,  M.  D. 

Cornelius  Heyer. 

Guysbert  Bogert  Vroom. 
1807. — Benjamin  S.  Knapp. 

John  I.  Labagh  {Stone  Yard),  President  0/  ihe  General 
Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  181 1  ;  Asst.- 
Ald.  First  Ward,  1831-2-3-40  ;   Aid.  1834-5. 

Abraham  Van  Nest  {Hardware),  President  of  the  General 
Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,    181 5.       Alder- 
man Ninth  Ward,  1833. 
1808. — ^Jesse  Baldwin. 

Abraham  Bogert. 

Matthias  Bruen. 

Richard  Duryee. 

John  W.  Hinton,  President  of  the  General  Society  of  Me- 
chanics and  Tradesmen,  1823. 

In  1808  the  Consistory  appointed  a  Board  of  Trustees,  con- 
sisting of  seven  persons,  four  of  whom,  at  least,  must  be  mem- 
bers in  full  communion  of  the  Collegiate  Church.  The  said 
Trustees  are  arranged  in  three  classes  ;  one  class  is  elected  an- 
nually for  three  years.  The  first  and  second  classes  consist  of  two 
members  each,  and  the  third  class  of  three  members. 

They  direct  the  management  of  the  school  and  carry  into 
effect  the  rules  and  regulations  of  Consistory  respecting  the  same. 
They  meet  monthly  to  receive  the  report  of  the  Principal  ;  for 
the  admission  and  withdrawal  of  pupils  ;  and  to  transact  such 
other  business  pertaining  to  the  School  as  may  come  before 
them. 

The  Members  of  the  Board  serve  monthly,  in  rotation,  as  the 
Visiting  Committee  of  the  School. 


NaDies  of  lie  Meinlierii  of  lie  Boari  of  Trustees, 


From  the  year  1808  io  the  present  time. 


When  Appointed. 

June  2,  1808. 

June  2,  1808. 
June  2,  1808. 


June  2,  1808. 

June  2,  1808. 
June  2,  1808. 
June  2,  1808. 
Feb.,  1810. 

March,  181 2. 
Feb.,  1813. 
Feb.,  1 8 13. 

Jan.,   1814. 
Jan.,  1815. 

Jan.,   1817. 
Jan.,   1818. 

Feb.,  1 8 18. 
Jan.,  1819. 

March,  1820. 
Sept.,  1 82 1. 
Nov.,  182 1. 
Nov.,  182 1. 
Oct.,  1823. 
July,  1824. 
July,  1824. 

July,  1824. 
July,   1824. 


John  Stoutenburgh,  Chairman.  Term  expired, 
Dec.  31,  1814. 

John  Nitchie,  Jr.,  vSV<:r^/^r>',  resigned,  Jan.,  1813. 

Richard  Duryee,  Chair /nan  from  Jan.  i,  18 14,  to 
Jan.,  1815,  when  his  term  expired.  Re-elected 
as  Trustee  and  Chairman,  Oct.,  1831.  De- 
ceased, Sept.,  1835. 

Isaac  Heyer,  Chairmayi  from  Jan.,  181 5,  to  the 
time  of  his  decease,  April,  1827. 

Abraham  Brinckerhoflf,  Jr.,  resigned,  Jan.,  181 3. 

Anthony  Dey.      Resigned,  Feb.,  18 10. 

Jesse  Baldwin.      Resigned,  March,  181 2. 

Huybert  Van  Wagenen,  Secretary  {xox{\  Jan.,  1813, 
to  Jan.,  1815.     Term  expired,^  Dec.  31,  1817. 

Henry  J.  Wyckoff.     Term  expired,  Feb.,  1818. 

John  D.  Keese.  do.  Jan.,  1819. 

John  V.  B.  Varick,  Secretary  from  Jan.,  181 5, 
to  Jan.,  1820,  when  his  time  expired. 

John  Kane.     Resigned,  Jan.,  1818. 

Michael  Schoonmaker.  Removed  from  the  city, 
Oct.,  1823. 

John  Clarke,  iT/.  Z).     Resigned,  July,  1824. 

William  Hardenbrook,  Jr.  Removed  to  Harlem, 
April,  1827. 

John  Van  Vechten.     Deceased,  Oct.  13,  182 1. 

Jeromius  Johnson,  Secretary,  Jan.,  1820.  Re- 
signed, July,  1824. 

Peter  I.  Nevius.     Resigned,  Sept.,  1821. 

John  A.  Lent.      Deceased,  Oct.  13,  1821. 

Timothy  Hutton.      Resigned,  July,  1824. 

Obadiah  Holmes.  do.  do. 

Abraham  Van  Nest.       do.         March,  1826. 

Abraham  Bloodgood.     Resigned,  March,  1826. 

James  C.  Roosevelt,  Chairman,  April,  1827. 
Resigned,  July,  183 1. 

John  Nexsen.     Resigned,  July,  1831. 

Isaac  Young,  Secretary,  July,  1824.  Resigned, 
July,  183 1. 


I04 


BOARD    OF    TRUSTEES,    FROM    THE 


When  Appointed. 

March,  1826. 
March,  1826. 
May,  1827. 
May,  1827. 
April,  1828. 
Oct.  6,  1831. 
Oct.  6,  183 1, 
Oct.  6,  1 83 1. 

Oct.  6,  1831. 
Oct.  6,  1 83 1. 
Feb.,  1834. 
Jan.,  1835. 
Feb.,  1835. 

Oct.,  1835. 
Sept.,  1836. 

Sept.,  1836. 

Dec,  1836. 


Nov.,  1838. 

Feb.,  1839. 

Sept.,  1839. 

Sept.,  1839. 
Jan.,  1842. 
Oct.,  1843. 

Feb.,  1845. 
Feb.,  1846. 


John  I.  Labagh.     Resigned,  July,  1831. 

Stephen  Van  Brunt.     Deceased,  Feb.,  1828. 

Peter  Stagg.      Resigned,  July,  1831. 

Theophilus  Anthony.     Resigned,  July,  183 1. 

John  Oothout.      Resigned,  July,  1831. 

John  Clark.     Resigned,  Dec,  1834. 

John  Limberger.     Resigned,  Nov.,  1836. 

James  V.  H.  Lawrence,  Secretary,  Oct.,  183 1. 
Resigned,  July,  1836. 

James  Ward.     Term  expired,  Feb.,  1844. 

James  Van  Antwerp.     Resigned,  Jan.,  1834. 

Reuben  Van  Pelt.     Resigned,  March,  1839. 

David  L.  Haight.     Resigned,  Feb.,  1839. 

Noah  Wetmore,  Chairma?i  from  Sept.,  1835,  to 
his  decease,  July  12,  1848. 

James  Suydam.     Resigned,  July,  1836. 

Joseph  V.  Varick.  Removed  from  the  city, 
Oct.,  1838. 

James  Simmons,  Secretary,  Sept.,  1836.  Re- 
moved from  the  city,  Aug.,  1839. 

Peter  R.  Warner,  Secretary,  Sept.,  1839.  Re- 
signed, on  account  of  protracted  illness,  Oct., 
1843.  Re-elected  to  the  Board,  Feb.,  1844. 
Secretary  from  Feb.,  1845,  to  Feb.,  1846. 
1848.  Re-elected  to  the 
I52,  and  elected  Chairman, 
Feb.,  1857,  when  his  term 
to    the    Board,    Feb., 


expired,   Feb.,    1846. 
to  Feb.,  1868. 
Term  expired,  Feb., 


Resigned,    Feb. 

Board,    Oct.,    i 

Feb.,    1853,    to 

expired.      Re-elected 

1867,  to  Feb.,  1870. 
John    I.   Brower.      Term 

Re-elected,  Dec,  1849, 
Valentine  Van  De  Water. 

1845- 

Charles  Devoe,  Chairt7ian,  July,  1848,  removed 
to  Michigan,  1850. 

John  I.  De  Foreest.     Resigned,  Jan.,  1842. 

James  D.  Oliver.     Term  expired,  Feb.,  1846. 

John  Ackerman,  Secretary  from  Dec,  1843,  to 
Feb.,  1845.      Resigned,  April,  1849. 

Mortimer  de  Motte.     Term  expired,  Feb.,  1851. 

Thomas  Jeremiah,  Secretary  from  March,  1846, 
till  his  term  expired,  Feb.,  1852.  Re- 
elected to  the  Board,  Feb.,  1857,  and  served 
as  Chairman  until  Feb.,  1872,  when  his 
term  expired. 


YEAR    lOOO    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME.  IO5 

Feb.,  1846.  Edward    L.    Beadle,    M.D.,    Chairman,     from 

Nov.,  1850,  to  Feb.,  1853.  Continued  a 
member  of  the  Board  until  he  resigned, 
June  2, 1859.  Re-elected  to  the  Board,  Feb., 
1861,  to  Feb.,  1864. 

April,  1848.         John  Van  Nest.     Resigned,  March  26,  1855. 

Feb.,  1849.  Huybert  Van  Wagenen,  Jr.     Deceased,  Sept.  10, 

1850. 

April,  1849.  George  Zabriskie.      Deceased,  Aug.,  1849. 

Oct.,  1850.  George  S.  Stitt,  Secretary  ixovsx  March,  1852,  to 

Feb.,  1853,  and  from  Feb.,  1854,  to  Feb., 
1859.  Re-elected  to  the  Board,  Feb.,  1861, 
to  Feb.,  1867. 

Oct.,  1850.  Charles  S.  Little.     Resigned,  Sept.,  1855. 

April,  1851.  Henry  Oothout.      Resigned,  Sept.,  1852. 

Feb.,  1852.  Gamaliel    G.   Smith,    Secretary,   Feb.,   1853,  to 

Feb.,  1854.  Continued  in  the  Board  until 
Feb.,  1 86 1.  Re-elected,  Feb.,  1866,  to  Feb., 
1869. 

April,  1855.         James  Van  Benschoten.     Term  expired,  1862.. 

Oct.,  1855.  Charles  F.  Hunter,  Secretary  from  Feb.,  1859, 

until  his  term  expired,  Feb.,  1863. 

Feb.,  1859.  William    H.    Dunning.      Resigned,    April    24, 

i860. 

June,  1859.  John  C.  Calhoun,  to  Feb.,  1861.  Re-elected, 
Feb.,  1864,  and  was  Chairman  from  Feb., 
1872,  until  his  decease,  Nov.  26,  1874. 

April,  i860.        Richard  Amerman.     Term  expired,  Feb.,  1862. 

Feb.,  1862.  Calvin  E.  Knox,  to  Feb.,  1871.  Secretary  ixova 
Feb.,  1863,  to  March,  1870. 

Mar.  6,  1862.      William  Wood.     Resigned,  Jan.,  1872. 

Feb.,  1863.  Abraham  V.  W.  Van  Vechten,*  to  1866.  Re- 
elected, Feb.,  1876.  Secretary  from  Feb., 
1881,  to  Feb.,  1882. 

Feb.,  1868.  Henry  Snyder,  to  1874.      Secretary  from  March, 

1870,  until  Feb.,  1874,  when  his  term  expired. 
Re-elected  to  the  Board,  Feb.,  1877,  to  Feb., 
1880. 

Feb.,  1869.          Frederick  T.  Locke.     Term  expired,  Feb. ,  1876. 

Feb.,  1 87 1.  Abraham    Bogardus    to    Feb.,    1874,   and    from 

Feb.,  1875  to  Feb.,  1876. 

Feb.,  1872.  Henry  W.  Bookstaver,*  Chairman  from  Nov., 
1874,  to  the  present  time. 

Feb.,  1872.         Robert  Buck,  to  Feb.,  1874. 


•  Present  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


H2 


I06     BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES,  FROM  THE  YEAR  1808,  ETC. 

Feb.,  1872.  Alexis  A.  Julien,  Secretary  from  March,  1874, 
to  Feb.,  1 88 1,  when  his  term  expired. 

Feb.,  1874.         Robert  Schell.* 

Feb.,  1874.  Cornelius  V.  Clarkson,  M.D.  Term  expired, 
Feb.,  1877. 

Feb.,  1874.         John  Adriance.     Deceased,  Nov.  3,  1874. 

Feb.,  1875.  Wm.  Wheeler  Smith,  to  Feb.,  1877. 

Feb.,  1876.  Henry  E.  Knox,  to  Feb.,  1879. 

Feb.,  1877.         James  Anderson,  M.D.'^ 

Feb.,  1879.         Ralph  N.  Perlee.* 

Feb.,  1880.         Augustus  S.  Whiton.* 

Feb.,  1 88 1.  Frederic  R.  Hutton,*  Secretary  from  Feb., 
1 88 1,  to  the  present  time. 

*  Present  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


I07 


OF  STREETS. 


The  following  Table  is  inserted  to  enable  streets  in  the  old 
records  to  be  identified  by  those  familiar  only  with  the 
modern  names  of  New  York  streets. 


Old  Natne. 


Present  Name. 


Almshouse  . . . . 

Augustus 

Back  of  Jail  . . . 

Bancker  

Barley 

Barraks 

Batavia  Lane  . . 
Bear  Market  . . . 

Bedlow 

Bowery  Lane  . . 

Bridewell 

Budd 

Near  Burke's  .  . 
Bunker  Hill..  . . 

Chapel 

Col.  Burr's. . . . 
Col.  Varick's  . . 
The  Collect. . . . 

Crolius's 

Cross 

Dock 

East  George . . . 

Factory 

Fair 

Fayette 

Federal  Hall  .  . 

Fifth 

First 

Fisher 

Fly  Market .... 

Fourth 

Garden 

George 

Gould 

Gr.  Furnace  . . . 

Harman 

Laurens 

Lispenard's  . . . . 
Little  Catharine 
Little  Chapel  .  . 


South  side  Chambers  St.,  site  of  New  Court  House. 

City  Hall  Place. 

Chambers  Street,  near  Centre. 

Madison,  from  Pearl  to  Oliver. 

Duane. 

City  Hall  Park,  South  side  of  Chambers. 

Batavia  Street. 

Greenwich,  between  Fulton  and  Vesey. 

Madison,  from  Oliver  to  Grand. 

Bowery,  to  6th  Street ;  Fourth  Avenue  to  14th  St. 

Broadway,  opposite  Murray. 

Vandam. 

Spring,  near  Hudson. 

Grand,  from  Mott  to  Broadway. 

West  Broadway. 

Richmond  Hill,  S.  E.  corner  Varick  &  Charlton. 


Centre  Street,  between  Pearl  and  Hester. 

North  side  Chatham,  between  Pearl  and  Duane. 

Park  Street. 

Pearl,  from  Whitehall  to  Hanover  Square. 

Market  Street. 

Waverly  Place,  north  of  Christopher. 

Fulton,  from  Broadway  to  Cliff. 

Oliver,  from  Chatham  Square  to  Madison. 

N.  E.  cor.  Wall  and  Nassau  ;  now  the  Sub-Treasury. 

Orchard. 

Chrystie. 

Bayard,  east  of  the  Bowery. 

Foot  of  Maiden  Lane,  East  River. 

Allen. 

Exchange  Place. 

Spruce. 

Gold. 


East  Broadway. 

West  Fifth  Avenue. 

West  of  Hudson  Street,  betw.  Desbrosses  and  Watts. 

Catharine  Lane. 

College  Place. 


lo8       ANCIENT   AND    MODERN    NAMES    OF   STREETS — continued. 


Old  Name. 


Present  Name. 


Lombard      j 

Lombardy    j 

Lower  Robinson . . . . 

Lumber 

Magazine 

Mary 

N.  R.  Furnace 

Orange 

Partition 

Princess 

Provost 

Pump 

Robinson      ) 

Robertson    j 

Rynders 

St.  John  Street 

Second 

Skth 

Sloat 

Spring,  near  Tyler's 

Sperry  

Sugar  Loaf 

Third 

Union  Furnace 

Vauxhall 

Wine 

Winne 

Wynne 


Monroe. 

Robinson,  from  College  Place  to  North  River. 

New  Church. 

Pearl,  from  Broadway  to  Chatham. 

j  Baxter,  from  Bayard  to  Prince, 

1      Changed  to  Orange,  1807. 

Foot  of  Hubert  Street. 

Baxter. 

Fulton,  west  of  Broadway. 

Beaver,  from  Broad  to  William. 

Franklin,  from  West  Broadway  to  North  River. 

Canal,  east  of  Centre. 

Park  Place,  from  Broadway  to  Church. 

Centre. 

St.  John's  Lane,  from  Beach  to  Laight. 

Forsyth. 

Ludlow. 

S.  of  Wall,  from  Will,  to  Hanov.  Sq.,  now  obliterated. 


Spring  ?  or   Perry  ? 

Franklin,  from  Broadway  to  West  Broadway. 

Eldridge. 

Southeast  corner  Broadway  and  Howard. 

Broadway  and  Bowery,  from  4th  St.  to  Aster  Place. 

Mott. 


CATALOGUE  OF  SCHOLARS. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  following  pages  contain  the  names  of  the  scholars  for 
the  past  ninety-four  years.  The  record  of  scholars  previous  to 
the  American  Revolution  has  not  been  preserved,  which  is  to  be 
regretted,  for  our  ancestors  on  this  island  were  so  attached  to 
their  language  and  their  Church  polity,  that  it  is  reasonable 
to  infer  that  they  would  cause  their  children,  from  generation  to 
generation,  to  be  instructed  in  those  elements  of  Divine  truth 
and  of  secular  knowledge,  which  would  foster  attachment  to  the 
Mother  Church  and  prepare  them  for  usefulness  in  the  Church 
and  in  the  world.     Two  names,  at  least,  have  been  preserved. 

Abram  Brower,  who  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1832,  was 
aged  80,  states  {vide  Watson's  Annals,  N.  Y. ,  p.  172),  that  when 
a  lad  "  he  went  to  the  Dutch  School,  to  his  grandfather,  Abraham 
Delanoye  (a  French  Huguenot,  via  Holland),  whose  school  was 
in  Cortlandt  Street." 

This  was  undoubtedly  the  branch  school  established  by  Con- 
sistory in  1743,  for  the  convenience  of  those  children  attending 
the  Middle  Church,  Nassau  Street,  who  resided  too  far  up-town 
to  attend  the  Main  School,  near  the  Garden  Street  Church,  of 
which  Gerrit  and  Huybert  Van  Wagenen  were  the  schoolmasters 
from  1733  to  1749  ;  vide  History  of  the  School,  and  its  Locality. 

The  late  Judge  Egbert  Benson  (in  an  address  read  by  him 
before  the  N.  Y.  Historical  Society,  Dec.  31,  1816),  states  that 
"in  his  early  youth  he  attended  school  at  the  corner  of  Market- 
field  and  Broad  Streets,  where  he  learned  the  Dutch  Catechism. 
They  used  in  the  Dutch  churches,"  he  adds,  "an  hour-glass  near 
the  clerk,  to  ascertain  the  length  of  the  sermon,  which  was  always 
limited  to  one  hour.  They  made  the  collections  in  a  bag  with  a 
bell,  to  give  notice  of  the  approach  of  the  deacons  (gatherers)."  * 

1765,  May  21. — Egbert  Benson  graduated  from  King's  (now 
Columbia)  College. 

1775. — Was  a  Deputy  to  the  Provincial  Congress.  ' 

1777. — Attorney-General,  State  of  N.  Y. 

1777-8, — Member  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

1778-81. — Member  of  Assembly. 

*  Vide  the  .iddress  in  Historical  Society  publications  and  Watson's  Annals, 
p.  191. 


no  CATALOGUE  OF  SCHOLARS. 

1780. — Appointed  Commissioner  to  the  Federal  Constitutional 
Convention. 

1 78 1-4. — Delegate  to  Continental  Congress. 

1784. — One  of  the  Commissioners  for  settling  the  boundary 
between  New  York  and  Massachusetts. 

1790. — One  of  the  Commissioners  for  settling  the  boundar}' 
between  New  York  and  Connecticut. 

1782  to  1802. — Regent  of  the  University. 

1786. — Commissioner  to  a  Convention  for  promoting  a  uni- 
form system  of  commercial  intercourse  between  the  several  States. 

1789-93. — Member  of  First  and  Second  Congress. 

1 813-15. — Member  of  Thirteenth  Congress. 

1794. — Justice  of  New  York  State  Court. 

1 80 1. — Judge  United  States  Circuit  Court. 

1803  to  181 5. — Trustee  of  the  New  York  Society  Librar}'. 

Was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society, 
and  was  elected  its  first  President,  serving  from  1805  to  1816. 


The  dates  of  admission  and  withdrawal  in  the  following  cata- 
logue refer  to  the  days  when  the  Board  of  Trustees  met,  and  the 
names  came  before  them. 

In  those  instances  where  a  scholar  re-entered  the  school  after 
a  brief  interval,  the  dates  of  the  original  entry  zxiA  final  withdrawal 
only  are  given. 

Where  the  interval  was  a  year  or  over,  all  the  dates  are  inserted. 


In  this  catalogue  will  be  found  the  names  of  many  who  have 
filled  offices  of  honor  and  trust  in  the  community. 

The  Records  of  the  Teachers  previous  to  1842  are  occasionally 
incomplete,  and,  as  neither  of  them  is  now  living,  it  is  possible 
that  the  name  of  some  former  scholar  may  not  be  found  in  the 
catalogue,  or  he  may  have  failed  to  receive  the  special  notice  to 
which  he  is  justly  entitled  for  public  services  rendered. 

It  is  requested  that  information  respecting  such  names  or 
services  be  forwarded  to  the  Principal,  or  to  any  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees. 


Ill 


00 

a; 
<< 

o 

o 

00 

O 

W 
D 
O 
O 

< 


<l 


-■p  o 
5-5 


bos 


.,  _.       '  3  E  Ir,   ,  i",  w   - -i^  o      _  .  ^  _ 

-«    -So  u  =  4>  g-4)  S  e-a.;£--^  o^  1)^2 


C-3 


^■5 


sa 


2  o 

o  a 


a-" 

fi  ho 


'^^0    C^M    O  0    •^ 


e  ° 


C   « 

r"  3  u 
=^^  >. 

S  t) 

V  u 

V  o 

M  a 


112 


o" 
o 

0.4)  0.5 


O 

o 
w 

o 
o 

< 

<^ 


^ 

£  m 


x;  'w  u 

a  01  (u     t,:= 


0 

0' 

t^ 

•   r^ 

t>.   ON 

H    t-<. 

00"    - 

00 

o> 

-  .  u~)  in  in  i^  ■^\o  •  •  •  \o 
in  oi  o^  o%  H  m  o^  onvo  •  f^  on 
a\'0  t^  r-.  »■>.    ,  o>  (^  t^  o^vo  o^  r*. 

t^ONM     M     M     int^**-*     M     t^O't^H 

'      "    2"  2'  h'  ^vo'  " 

S  3." 


1—        —   CS 


00    ^ 

^  ^-  '_       ^    ,   , _ 


CX' 


,,,"(>,",,."," 

3"22^"^""'^'"o  t^co  o  o  d  o  d  d  d  d  d  o  d  d  o 


-    -d  Sii  >>o  o< 


=  Z^-S5   , 


■  OSS' 


O  Ci3 


j3  5t  i>  P 


ii  Mji  C 

i:  =  2  .=*  ■ 


^^  no 
£<Sc 


^iSffl 


«  (^  "^  inNO  t^oo  o>  o  t^  «  en  ■*  mvo  p-qo  On  O 


focnrococnropomf^' 


.-^^■^-^if'^^-^- 


cn  ^  uTO   txCO   o»  O   M   N   ro  •*  uivo   t^oo 


mminu^minmioio  10^  lo^'OvO'O^^'O 


"3 


(S^A 


A  s 


in  iy>  t^ 


■  O   I.   5        _«   D  — 


=^* 


c  CS 


•   V 

■  s 

il 

"l 

£«^ 

a 

X   3 


o  >  ra 

O  f,  ^ 
C  «^  O 

<>Jx 

S  &  5 

o  o  o 
233     o 


S 


<-s^   jsis; 


-2.iiz 


■cop 


J  -  1)      X       rt  c8  n  M 


,  4>  4)  i: 


114 


■^ 

« 

•^ 

"■  1 

? 

>%  1 

^i 

3    1 

>->  1 

03  <U 

i-.cn 


^^, 


V  1) 


3  o  3        « 


"rt    '-^ 


u  d 


Q-5 


to  S 


V.  O  « 


O  —   4> 


—  :cC^'«  n  C 


CCQQX  ?M 


00^Ol• 


« 

.« 


I 

CO 

O 

u 

O 

w 

D 
O 
O 
hJ 
<3 

< 


2  3     . 


,HOQ 


S2< 


r^oo  vo  Q>  t^oo 


o 


o^  r^  i>H  ON  P*  o 


00  CO    t^M    I-   t^t^t-^. 


t^  rs.  a>  o>  o  t^   ■  c 


O  t/3 1—^^  c/}  c/5  <  H 


^  -  ^  ^  cT  -' 

lU  3  4> 


0000f--"'"0000''000„--''0000 

jj-o  73  -o  -c  ^.  j^  f^  ^-c  -o  -a  -c  j:,^:  tj  -n  jq''"  °  fp-o  -o  -c  -c 

a  r?'  3jix:  ji  jdxij2.o 

^  -^  ^-^  Da;  u  o  u  o  5j 

1.  —■—Iz.'j.  i.  i.tL,i:.tL. 


.S      oooo^.-«i^ 


JSS 


3  _   ™  «     • 


3  tj   1)   O   4) 


;?  o 


e—  3  * 


o '—■:=;  3  i;  o  ^ 


•CiJ   U   3   ^ 

o  O  -:<:  — '^  °  3 


•:i."-oc-^5j'i.b.M:;::c«so>.>iuMO'-3o--.—  o^'^B 


ro  ■^  10*0    t^oo    O  O 


ro  •«*-  m\0    t^oo   O  O    "-■ 


m  ^  iTi^O  t^oo  o^  o 


1  m  f*i  m  ^  ■*  -*-  "^ 


"5 


oo 

o 

M    0    0    0 

.  o>   ■ 

o\ 

-■    • 

w    M      .      . 

, 

,  m  lo  o' 

r «   •    • 

■»■ 

>  ■  :  : 

V 

u  >.  >.  u 

a 

o  = 

ci  (4  c<  «4 

ZA 

ssss 

C30 

i: 

O     • 

2  ao     ; 


o 
5  u  2i ' 

S  cii  c3 

-as-* 

■«J-O0 


fo  r^*  I 


O   g  U  v-i 
«  '^  ..  "^  ^ 


3"    0»Ju    ■>»-  -4-  0\ 


■C   li 


•  ^  t>  P 


t:S 


OShJ 


-:xH^ 


j-cja  S 


^lldJill°§^^zj5^oo 


XI^JI^   ?>  ° 


—  t-—  ""S 


00   t^  o  . 
■     •   O  0\  Oi  L     -  uw    »^  >-•  »-• 
O^OO   ^   t^  1^  1^  o^  O^  o  o  o   o^ 
O^  O  °    ~  .^   _  -    ~,    - 

"  "  °  "  1  "•■ "  S  ;T  •" ' 

3  ==      S-3  a«  cacr  3  3  a- 


0.0.       C.O.O. 


<C/2t« 


u  ,/*       J.!  — J  „- 


_5  u  " 


00  O  o«  txoo  vc  c^  r^  rooo  go  oo  o  o 


|i 


3  « 


ss 


fOOO  00  VO    9t  » 


—  J=   °<5   -'->J<'"   3-; 


Qa 


o  .^-:;-'>^c'- 


Z'  a>  w  >    - 


C    C    4J 


3   «    !j'- 

=  xc. 


O   (fl  w 

=.   ^.   3   H   =« 

> iltd '"'  3 
o    ,  ,  .  5 

Wl  «  g 


tcL-r  3 
"  *•  C  wT. 


■  uTO  r^oo  a»  O 


«  m  ♦  m«o  t^oo  o*  < 


f*^  *  mvo  r^oo  ON  O 


f*»  -^  tn*o  t*.oo  o^  O 


>  u^«0  ^o^0^0^>0^0^^0^   rN.r%t^rHt^rN.r>.r<«c^  rN.oo  00 


ii6 


-  2^  o 


<  s  s 


A< 


< 

O 
u 

o 

w 

D 

o 
o 


■c-c-c 

■^  0  00 


2  ii  >■  >  ~  > 


■  c  >. 


xcS -nails. 


=^,S(S2llJlS-^So 


I-'  lo  tsi-C  i^  M  ao  U  1-  >-\3  •«•     vo  «  inU  00  OS  O  ?» 


,    ■  i  o  S 

'   4)  O        ■" 


=   §&■ 


Zo-uHa-o^^o:s;?c 


2o    Q. 


^    o    ^    C 


=  ^  "  >  =  ^  '^  fe^'H  S  o  -^  rt  M*  8 


•  00  00    OOO    O 


o^  o  00  000  O  O  O  t>* 


o^  0^00  o*  o^ 


■  —      00  a-  «  00 


M       ^      O 


-'2g:;K^^od„^' 


t<i.<;<^S^  |S<<<<s^<oS  !<► 


*J   ^'  w    >     ^    r-' 

o  o  o  o  o  - 


e<^o  t>.  O  O 


«  o  o^  •  ON  o>  •  o  t^ 


000  «  o  o  o  00  o> " 


MOO  00    O    ON 


S3 


-  E 
'C  o 
XH 


5  c'^^U 


-•  x;  c. 
i:  t.  (u 

O  4)  > 


■•S-=  ii 


i^ 


■"■"u    '^^.^ 


5  ^1.;;^  c~; 


=  "'-  «  5E-=  -■ 


J2  £  >  c  E  c  c  SJi—  I-  >—  c 

xPQ  =  xoQ<OJSxtL.a!:QQQQoi>s?<;c-SQ:SQ 


c-e 


I  -^  invo    r^OO    O^  O 


)  ■*  mvO    ^*C0   O^  C 


fo  ■*  »o*o  rs.00 


0000000000000000  c^oc^o^a^c^c^c^c^O'0  O  o  O  o  o  o  o  o 


«  ro  •*-  u^^o  r^co 


nnnncinncictncictctoct 


117 


0 

0 

Oil- 


5  O.C.     «•= 


JsS'-^? 


*   N  U   g   g 

CC05  n  U--  si      rt<^iJ>J-i/  i"*  ca  rt  S 
-.~3'--*'      u^.,  _     =*  ~  ii  "  Ji 


E  a 


HU^aSii; 


fli  "^  < 


i  rt  ii  5  S 


—  tife'.-rt.cCt-u^rt^-u- 


O    O    O   O    O    i->    ■«•  ( 


■000      -OO      ••JOOO-v-- 

Om^coQn-oooco 
»  ,^0     ,«00« 

",  o  "    -IS  f^   '  "    '  ■■  _'  "  ,„'  o'  m  m  , 


S  o  4)  «  «  c- *  3«a-:4)-r§c  c  «  (u  ■=  «  3  ^ 


•00  00  00 

00  o»  t^  r^  ^*  o 


Z"^  "2 


o>  o   •    • 

O-  0^     •      • 

00  00  00  00         •    •  00  00  00  r^  r^  ^    • 

ty  <^  o^  <^     ooooooo^^^O^o^ 

oo'  o'  .-n  -^.S    ^„-^.   ? 


i"^   moo  «  - 


0^  O 

OCO         OCT»0>00  00 

OO^r^»        r>.t^OOO  oo 

h^  h^  «      .    **    "    ^^  CO  OO  00 

"  6  _o  "  "  „'  d  ^  ti  "  1 "  6  "  ", 


■JrtScO^art       JJ'^'S's        333_0  0«^  c— 


<<</r.Z^^<- 


:  o  o      o  o  u  5  c 


O^mC^mmOvm'^    •e«O00OtC*» 


M  ^00  M 00  o    •  m « cx)  o^oo  N  C400  mo  in.o^o«o  t>> 


s 


—   Or-'      •      -     • 
U   «    _        .C 


j:  i  ?*_-  .>-^  a  K  o  ^' 5  ===  *  ,^;=  .c 
^5j=  EfS  «  ^-^c  =~.i>  -yo  ,ti  = 
a  ^  JiJ=  5-=-::  o«si:eT:S->-it; 


E  s 
_  u.^- 
ff  -  >  -J  S  — 


> 

O  w 

i'Sa)M«juc8j=oo 

.xQ>-:i.-j2-'-Jw; 


c  2 
".5  a 


=  i\  o-S-2 


:^  — 
j  oj  »-' 

•13   4) 

i  5  iJ 


•'  -^-r:  —   -  -  *  rt  " 


(U    -    il 

.c  E  c. 
;/•/  X  x  c 


c  £  u 


3  c  c  *^ 
o  a  o  >> 


a  0    «    N   fO  ^  lA^O    r^oo    o*  o    «    W    M 


nvo  r^oo  o^  O  *-  « 

I    C4    M    C«    C4    N    C4    O 


t  -^  w,\o    tvoo   Ov  O   ►-    «    trt  •*  \ri 
■■♦••♦•^•^■■^■••■i/iuiinioioio 


ii8 


<j    S       fc    ta    2 


m 

P^ 

<! 

o 

CJ 

O 

w 

o 
o 

< 


x;  « 
ta-  i?  !u  a> 


J)  4j  O  V.  4) 


-  -  ^ ,-  -^rz  53SI « g-"  s:e  ss  si|  ^^_ . . 


I  J3J3  J= 
'000 


E  >> 


1)        TJ    U  J?-'^    ^ 


Q 


ti  rt  ^-   3  O  D.O   rt  u  O 


feZSS 


S    ^s^i.5;°QusSEc^^^^(Sa^lil 


=  1!  o 


ml 


^.18° 


^  41  ^ 

;=-^  1 

„:=  N  o 


3   3 


CX300MOD      -OO         COOOO      '.      ,0      ,i-0      ,00      -000000      -MOOrOOO 
„rr,„„„„oo  jj^oo    ;^     ,00    o,„    woo    „c»    M    »      ,00  c- 

^  \o'  "    "-•    "^    m' 


O    ^  M    4-^     6^    m' 


IH        ^    H     M   CO 


;_c  ^^     j=j=  « 


,^Q     c/]S-<<2^0fcSli.QSi.S<S2SSU.fc<<S- 


3  5  o-j; 


tuoo. 

3  <U    _ 


i-^  CO. 


M    00 

►H.,H.t«crtOOZZZi.SSS<<<. 


3   CJ^ 

3   3   3 


vo   000  t^O   000  «  woo  a*CM-t   N.O*  O^oo   r*^M0\0000O00^«     -MOnhOn  o\oo 


1  s 

§  it 

E     rt  c 

"  E  s 


4)   <Uc/l 

oi-a  in  •" 
"hV  U  «  3 

'Y)  CO  !^  i-J  I 


3    4) 

«  c 


£  1)  rt 


^  ~-'C  t;  «  <^ 


•^•o 


tt'-'-ti-^  ^  —  t-  n  i- 


4-r   '  °  •-'•£ 


=  K 


rt  1-  S 

4)  O   "  OJ 


-::  oS 


3;;^^-"- 


O  4) 

O  >, 


:  "n  h  E  M  fcfi  I 


^  ^'4> 


)»!J5 


•O       1^00    O  ( 


)  M   N  CO  -^  >ri\o  t^co  Ch  o  t-"  CI  f*^  -^  in^  r^co  o  O 
)vovo\ovovovovo*o^  r-^t-vc^i^r^r^r-t^t^  r^oo  c 


4)  B_c 

'3  4)1.Q    .•~0(y, 
S  '-^   ^         -CO     -    ' 

S15t^«  g  e  S  S  <" 


«    W    «    W    « 


119 


o 

00 

<   s 


A<\<         A 


X  fL^ 


St  ^  =-2  >^«   :  SkI  :-g    'E'3   :u-2   :   :  • 
c  S.S  «=  u  3  i>  §>-  -Si     5  c  :-S  =   •   ■  - 

3   t-5         t~  f  •*       m      HI  00       •-;    1  .3   O   r»v^  O  fX 


O    tS    O     1 


rt  <u  ?! 


HI     «     1^ 


J- 
05 


—  ^-ci~ 


>  u 


i  C  tn 


V     u  u  ^  r;   ■  « 

— 1- —  Z  ijjw.:;  ^  —  ;i:;:^  c  u  cs°-5J^  *-  «  hr3 


;  3  ur 


o  o  r>.oo  o  O  tH 

00  OD    O    M  CO  00      , 


,J=  "^    ,     J= 


s  c 


—  •-  w  ^  C^  »  "Tp  *  y  ^  II  < 


_,<  2  c/2  «a  Q  ^  Q  — ,• 


•<  S  S  S  I— ,^2  S  S  S 


►H.i5 


O   O  1-1   - 

TOO  -    -    -    , 

«  00  00  M  00  00  00 

1  "1  o  o'  1 "- "  ^  -  °  ♦  °  •;;  o  ° 


OOOOOOOOOOO         OOOOOwC 


OOOO         OOOOOOOOOOO 


;'a  S"t3  J^-a-c  ;;  2^  g 


owoo«Ofo  00 

"OOOOOOOOO  M 

OOi-iMOOiiOO -.. 

»o'  o'  "  1^  "  °  ^  °  o'  *  ~  o  o 


•r-r  o  o  u  o  o 


C    3   3   3   ^c5         a 


X  3  3 


5-=      "^3  3  r-u  O  u 


OOOOt^O'MOtOOOOtCIOOOOOOO^O^Ot'MMOMMOOOMOOOHiOnOOOO 


y  ss 


a  3 


S   3 


■-^  _n  3-t;  u-- 


uXn-id  a 


>»  a  — 
u  o  a 


t-",^-^x  =  ;^s  ;^-> 


)  1)  Z" 
!  2  i>r 


x"  ^  -  c 
K^  2  a  a 


3-^  1>  t  ■* 


.x:j=-a„-=  J,'^ 


a  o 


3-c  c  1--"  £  =  ■- 
■  —  a  :^a'-'  o~r^ 

,c/3  >      —  a       V 

—  "a*cc»!  — 
"o  > -c  S  a  a  3  u  ■ 


«  3 

I 


-I — .  ^  1) 
5.      3  o 


Is 


a:ai 


f*!  *  ir,\0    rN.co   O-  O  _    -    , 

00,O^OOOK>6   O    0    O   O    O    O   O 


t  ♦  tn\0  t*»o 


f^  ^  ln^O    »^00    O^  O 


J  ^  »A\o    r^oo    O  O 


ifommfornfOfOrofomromrncofOforof^fnfOP-jrnfOt 


I20 


I 

Oi 
< 

O 

o 

O 

o 
o 

< 


ooooo       ooooooooooo-^o 


'  »"«<>"  "  ^°^  "66666"'^ 

S  >>ti)>  d  d  d  --ji  xi  i: 

-—  3  O  0)  1)  u  5  S'  u^ 


j'd  d  o  d  d    '  ^d^n'O  d  ", d  d  d 


0^00*OOOOWOOa»0%0*«CIMO      -OOOOOWmmmOhOOOOO^O^N 


121 


^s 

8^  <?    : 

c 

^ 

D      ■» 

e 
a 

.   «- 

tC     tC     rC 

;  tC 

•  00' 

•^ 

N 

^ 

■^  ^  - 

■  y 

^ 

<J 

^      *      =        3        U 

■     >A     —,       I-,       (/) 

~ 

_ 

«> 

u 

s 

^ 

•^ 

0 

c 

u* 

i 

8 

% 

:j 

a 
J,  1, 

0 
0 

;$ 

a 

;  a 

"  i 

^1 

•a 

^ 

j= 

c 

i<; 

u    > 

1 

1  5 

3  Z 

'13 
s 
X 

:  5 

n   3   ^ 

S^  5 

■a   'O      K—     "c 
a   i;  o  =■>  c. 

o    '3       H   oO  3 

1  £ 

d  c  X 

■C-n   3 
0 

^  :;x^s.  ?r^ 

cT*    u-i~^    rr^t^  in 
vo   ">o   O  ■<-  1/1  1- 

aae^ 

0. 

(2  ?   sxs^f. 

_is 

0 

J 

•c 

- 

5 

>, 

0) 

cd 

u 
^ 

^ 

u 

■uc_) 

3 

^ 

5 

M 

^ 

_>, 

c 

u 

(5 

o 
o 

c 

o 

> 

c 

IS 

►J 

"c 

a 

a. 

1 

> 

1 

X! 
v-Sa 

q3 

J3 
0 

a 

a 

a. 

O 

C 

OJ 
J2 

-1 

2 

a 

1 

■J- 

3 

0 
C 

II 

0 
s 

1 
hi 

3: 

0 

:  :  oo'     ':  oo'  d> 

oc 

c 

1 

■  00     ■'     •  r^  ui      00 

0^     ■  00             •  00  00 

0 

o- 

0    <> 

•    0   t^    •    0    0          0 

.   O      ■    « 

M      1^    « 

c 

1 

•O  00    OOOOOOO         00 

oo  m    , 

00    0  00 

-00 

""  oeT   -  "  -^oo  ,5  occ 

-s^ 

CO  jf°°' 

:  ■" 

1^    ^ 

H-00       - 

"o   4-  ""' 

•  o 

r> 

t^ 

rC    -a 

i 

O  u  o  =  a-       3  5 

*^  a  a 

■  >, 

3 

0 

3 
■—1 

N   0  ^^ 

3  a  C3 

•   ui        O        0000    0    o 

«^ 

y  o""! 

lA  1/ 

vd 

lO  0         00          M    «0O00 

00  00    O 

0  c 

>        u^  0 

C 

c 

000 

M  "      .    1     .    N    O'  "    "      . 

.00    - 

•-• 

"     -O*O-"">f^0 

"^  o>  '  6  d  dodo 

d,^  _ 

d 

-     66660 

0 

^ 

0  ■"   - 

5 

^■^      h      h  !::  >-  ^ 

"  "  JT^-n-c-c-co 

•a'S§ 

■c 

•c-a-o-a-c 

•0 

■^  «'  - 

'^ 

^^  >. 

XJ' 

> 

%    >. 

0 

oji 

c  U       OJ       rt  cS  cs. 

aaa 

=*  5 

V 

a>  1) 

J!,i    ^.    ';?.<.« 

<<S 

S£ 

: 

- 

0:1. 

8i 

W    ONM    OOOOO    M    CV^O^O 

>       0>0«"00>000 

MOO    0 

„ 

00 

OtO 

«  tv  00 

00 

Cn.  MOO 

'^ 

M              M 

^ 

M     H     HI 

^ 

(n 

X 

i-r    ■ 

oj 

x: 

>.o 

■  c 

a: 

a 

u 

«; 

X 

5 

•c-  c  j;  S  rt  S 

l- 
.:^  a 

5#. 

=  1 

1 
c 

.-   0 

c 

j: 

a 

X 

m 

c 

X 

8 

B 
C 

= 
R 

1 

r-'    H    E    -^ 

-  3  i;  •:  u 
a  a  !/!—  Si 
~  -=  •->  a  = 

Saiis^x 

_a 

5 

J  =1 
:  K  a 

O*  0    "-    M    f^  **  "^'O    t^« 

O*  0    «   N    1^  •^-  >AsO    r> 

CO    O  0 

„ 

J 

1      •*  U1VO    1^00 

CT 

8 

M    N   ro 

^ 

•  r^oo  00  00  00  oo  00  00  00 

00  00    o 

O- 

C 

c 

\      ^  0*  0^  CT*  0 

>    0 

0    0    0 

^ 

1  f 

1  f* 

1  c 

1  r» 

>f 

^ 

1  r" 

1  f 

t  r* 

1  c< 

^  f 

f* 

1  r* 

1  f 

^  f 

1  f 

'" 

■>  CO  f 

^  r* 

1    m 

■^    c 

' 

■>  f 

%       !» 

1  M 

■  ^ 

r  < 

-  ■•■ 

122 


"2 

H 

00     . 

00 

M       . 

>o 

^    • 

M 

N 

^ 

" 

U 

u 

•    . 

u 

00=2     -oooo 
IN    "      •    N    W 

5    o. 


S    £ 


fc    A<    (i-i- 


S^^ 


o  ^ 


;0 
00   m.> 


C  g 


«i^  "^  00 


n-O  3 


■;$  o- 


^  _•  3  =  <u  >- 

o  X  a^  ON'' 


•^O  >o  CO »-)  M  -^  -ij-oo  00  M  m  t^  o»  rot-J  m  m  <i  w  O  m  on*  m 


o 
u 

o 
w 

o 
o 

h-J 

H 

<; 
u 


^2 


1^1 


5  o  « 


g  ck*  c-c  of=  ■    " 


0>C0   O^OO      -  00    O    o    ■    o 

OmooO'-'-'O  r^co 

00       ,00  OO    O       .  00  OO    O     1- 


)  o  o    ■  o  o  o 

■  o  o  o>  o  o  ^ 

,00  00    O  OO  00  00 

>       ^      ^^00       M       M       M 

On  ^   -T   tC  Ov  "f 


00  00     M    O     >-       -00     WOO    >- 

M   Moooooo  r>.Moo   MOO 

o\o      ^     .     -CO    o>     ,   ^     , 


^^-!-30^4J<U'T3&i 


,,      ^OOm  .      .^-i «      ^OOOOO      ,      ,0000      .      .OOq^,      ,      ,,      ,- 

CT  6  o  "    '  6  d  d    -  d  d  d  o  d  d    '  d  "  "  "  d  d  "  "  o  d  "  ■-  d  d  ^  d  d    -  d 


s    MX-- 


OOO'Ot^MOO    O    ON  OnOO    OnnO  00  00    O    m    m    m 


^  -  2  o 

T3    3   3   1) 


£-5  1 


^-^   W  3 


fH=. 


'■3    '-S 


i^^^'^ 


t^O    OvO    ONfOO^O    o   o* 


a;  — 


0)    'u 


c^'i2W 


73    -  C-K  rt  j; 


y  c  n  G  C  c 


J=    !---•  =  . 


« 


jxo^x 


>,  bt 


5:S 

«   3   >.^"~^ 

c  =  5  S  e 


n^o  t^co  o^  o 


123 


:" 

„co     . 

■^ 

"^  '■  : 

•  ;^  : 

" 

£ 

•      'oo' 

:  <>  " 

\0      '     . 

«   0     . 

g^ 

°  if,  '  ' 

•    •  o'    ] 

« 

oi 

•  c 

•S^ 

ao 

d 

■g,^-  • 

*j 

^ 

<•< 

<o 

<S 

o 

S          6 

o%  O»00 

o  o  o 

00  OD  CO 


OOO  p-OOOO-OOD 


o  o 

»  00  t_ 

M       M      «    00      « 


M      O 

_      -     _  00  00 

D     O      M      M     « 


«    «    O    O   O 


o  o 


t;  U  „•    .  ;^   . 


^ 

o 

„$J~ 

, 

s^ 


^feS 


O  CO    O  0   0 

00  O  00  00  00 

M OO'^,...*^'^,.. 

'  "^  6  6  o"    ' o  d  o  d  d  ^    ' o  d  d  o    -  -ro  o  o 
•  H  ;>.  WO) 


1.^ 


o  o  o  00  >o  OvCO  o>oeot^N»oooooo>ooo>o.OH  o 


^00    O    M    M    0\0    N    O^OVOvOtC* 


■■^    U— ,(51 


:'-^j= 


c/) 


124 


OO  oooo 
6^  6  in 
u  u  >% 


tz,  ^^. 


t> 

•s' 

<  ^ 


I 

CO 

<: 

hJ 
c 

u 

O 

w 

o 
o 

<1 

H 
U 


"S  ^> 


S^RZ 


ji   :  g  a.  sf  _« 


:  u  n  - 


S^-_''^c— ou 


.  -  V  =   o 
-«    O         fO       00 «,  r  -,    moo         fO  ^^•y^ 


;0  a  rt 


;  4)       2 
'  —  C  4> 


2  2^    ii:^;=  cr~  ^vG 


:1'o 

X  S  i 
o  cs,^ 

i—iC/J'i 


:  u-a  ^  • 


•g   :^  .«? 


!sjs  = 


X  6  ^ 


;   0 
0  00 

oo'SccM   "l"oooo"dodo=2°°  ^otmm'SoOmooot  "  tS  oooooo'»cS   "  ^'^m  ".xt 

nj:  "  m_- 


OS 


•""  P  K^  .^^  1) 

>."    . "^ "  ■^ r^  _.  ■*■ '^  a^  -^  w.--  ..M >-n w  —  ^ .--  -^  >^  _  ^1  fc— —  --  ^^  »^  ^  --  '- 
.  S  S  .2^<  ^^"«;  ?:  fe.  <  o  S  <  <  O  ►H.<  s  =,^5.^  <  ^S  c5^  <  ^S  S 


t*^"  b£^  >>■ 


■  Ji^tt 


4)   y  ^ 


'J   ^ 


;:;  t£  >.  1-  >• 


a.  o  „  3  a  «  cc-o  5  =^g  3  3  3  u^S^  cr  =  3^J; 


ooocoooooooooooooooooo"oooo 


125 


r 

N 

1^    0    -^ 
■"  CO  00 

- 

Hoo  - 

>o 

00°°     . 

1-  ^ 

- 

N  j2 

" 

00       • 

•    ,  ~  "* 

■  - 

;  *^   ""  'S 

I-*   "^ 

*"   "-• 

"   : 

OO    " 

00 

,    ■ 

■    N^'OO 

■  ^ 

r  0   ^ 

r 

oo'^    • 

!?  o 

,  • 

OO 

" 

o    '. 

.    N 

■  "   "^  N 

"   ■ 

6\ " 

ij 

u 

.  'u  u  u 

>. 

.     •  1-  >> 

•c  >> 

J3 

c< 

a*  OS 

5  *•=                   ■= 

V  a 

a,ti 

s 

<5 

<SS 

2 

^S^ 

•—1 

x< 

<S 

>— > 

»^«i 

>-  :  — -^     ti 


^'  >  -.       o  I.-  ~ 


E  a 


"5 

^x. 

1^ 

?  ^ 

u 

J  ^" 

3 

'T-rr. 

u 

c^ 

s 

-'w 

2 

>2§ 


;  5  '^ 

lis 

■«-vO 

Q?f.« 

(«0 


.    qX    I-     S     U 

3  -ri)  u  i;  N  ^ 


u  - 


c  5 
o  - 

lb- 


O    "•   t>  • 


0ooO2"«-«0^0O000 
•^oo'*^*!-   ,    ,    ,    .^Ooo'*^ 

>^  t-  ^  u   -*  u- 


::;:;?  As  <  <  2  <  S  S  ^S  <  O  ,l;?^ -z,;?  O  i5, 


S  :^«-  -Soo^M  -"2^  2=2  - 

Cp'-C    5;-  OOO' '§'?_£.    «     N     ^NOO'"    6'%^^j^ 


'  00  00 


4)  C^  r^  :^^  ™53Da)wj5" 


•-- 

t^O  O  O   "   ♦ 

•1 

j^-a-vSj.  "- 

u               o  — 

■'; 

OS            ss  a. 

S            S< 

>%  til     _; 

•=  3       o 


12;       2:     *. 


iS 


oor^MOOCiGOOooo^OOv  ''^oo  r*  o  O»oo  o»  e^oo  m  i*-  c4  rvoo  o 


M  d  cj;  s  s  5 

—  'J  y,  2-  >  t  ^ : 


^  .  ^  .t?  *^ '/  »^^  ^ '  -1 '  »*  ^^  V  o '  1 '  ^  !■ ;  3Q  ^ 


,  -r  u-.vc  r^oo  a*  o 


I  *  i/^\o  t^oo  o  o 


m  ^  io»o    ts.0 


126 


I 

Pi 
< 

O 
X 
U 

O 

w 
ti 
o 
o 

< 

< 

u 


^    M  00  00  00 


^  M 


-  CC   «   c.       Q.  ^        *        * 


"tSoo 


00 
00 
V 

c 

—   ^   ra   ly 


C   U        t/3   «_■ 


N 


(75  u> 


if  n  «  fc  >  "  -  ""CJ  « 
=■■§4;-".='  a-  =ii  ul 


E   ■ 
22: 


«ai;;2;Di 


Orovo  00  a> 


50J  5 


lils 


So 


■-  11  c>     ■— ■ 

-  a  r  a  =  2  k  d"^^^  > 


c 
Kas«a.a!SSxa.c^oQ.H,Q'jcj 


■5  c  i> 


J3    U-U 


■2  a    :C 

■5  £-  ^ 

JJ  ■"  o  «  s 


g  •<  Q  t/;  M  ^—,2  H  t/:  — > 


f^\0    CD 
00  MOO  < 


,00    ^  00 


^os.^o 


'oocooooo^  ,000 


<SAw                              cwO            ^        iX     S            <                          S     ^ 

V 

o^  c  0  00  ovo  e^o^t^ovo  0  M  MOvO  o  Ot^  fooo  0  «  >->  ts.r«.Ofoo«oow  o»oo  c«  o  o  t^. 

B=  = 


O, 


o  5 


O  «  c':^ 


4)  U  2  £  =   =   %  3-5 
>>>>3  S  £  O  rt  o  c 

SSQHWS-CjO 


<^l 


►2j=Oj- 


,=  OT,5or-  c 


>-. 


NX 

3  c  ■ 


3;^  o;S  _'t:  =  r:  -  S  y.2  «  „  ^ 

■5W 


"    ^    u    =    =    " 

r"^  '2  11  5  en 


•-   4) 


-■5  " 
=  £-= 
c  * 


OX, 


-c  ~_  £■  u.  5  ^'""  a; 


«  ° - 
3>  =  :5 


«  c  n  £ 

i5  >>!/•; 


\o   t^OO   o  o    ►^   « 


1  ■<»•  i/^^  t^oo  o  o 


fo  "*  I'lvo  r^oo  o  o  M  «  (^ 
00000000000000  c^o^oa^ 


127 


lr^a> 

« 

a 

> 

o 

N 

i 

CO 

^ss 


o  s 


=> 


Pi---- 


'SX  -,-J 


2;Sa:2,'e>?,'jS 


,^  u  u  t 


>5 


^Sj 


■a  u  J 


2i  aj:  - 

M  00     ts.> 


J -3  2; 


I 

CO 


s 

>-i: 


'o.Si/)  . 


«  5 


5>Oo: 


ioS^S^SlS^^-<Q;S<;cflWQS-;;ju;Saiw6c 


s  a 
;  u  o  o 


C/3 

O 

w 

O 

o 


•  '^"z  J«>  loM  ;;^«   ■<»  ■ 


I  00  ■*  m  N  00 


■^  I  " 


'J  °  5 


<     S 


O  Hoo  ^<>^<.Ooo  m  o  Ooo  onm  mOtOoomo  O^Oooors.r>,  r%oo  o  o^  o>oo  t^oo  o  00  ts.  Ovoo 


«  > 


ii.s^:.= 


a;  5 


^s-5 


O  O.       o 

—  ?  J 


—  a  c  ^  !£  =  —    _~.-0,'Z    _-^    _" 


a.  3 


1  3  «  s;  i>  £■=  •■ 


—  o-*-  E 


--?  'r.^  </>  .■  -ji  u 


-  c—  m  bt-f  3  = 


"•^  a— '  :i  "-  u    -   -  3 


-~  -IS"; 


-as 


•<i?jQ>x>(/j; 


u  S  t:  3  :£  U-.  —  c  ."    .  u  lu  t,  ?  _j;  1-  I-    .  •■'• 
a  Kr  u  a      S    '  -J  '  ji  o  12 '    2  X  y  4;  b£-g  ^' 

30^3rtfaaOi>c-=oo 


.=  o  u'o^'o  3  0  =  af3O^3i5f5'aOi>c--o'3 


I  *  m\0   rN.00  O  O 


t  ^  mvo  t*s.o 


»\0'0*0^*0'0^*0'0*0^^'0*0^^*0^*0*0>0^ 


128 


^3 


CO 

< 

O 
O 

O 
M 
O 

o 

< 

H 
<d 
O 


•<s 

u 

-> 

rr 

vo  a 

M      - 

tx 

1^" 

,  ■«•  lO       oc 

'^'2t""     ^ 

t^ 

*o 

^ 

CO 

"2 

OD  00  j2 

00  00 

"2*5 

OT  °°  1»  °°  °^ 

:  00  «<2  "  "2 

■  - 

OO 

OO 

rx 

>c 

^S'o 

m'O 

N     H 

o5r=3,s-  -i 

■>  :>o'(^n'*« 

•  o 

2 

1 

k 

D. 

•S-Se 

S-S 

d  c3   C'oS   ct 

•J3 

*  S  *  ca-     c. 

c 

% 

< 

u.'^^   S< 

(/5S 

►^Si5.SS 

El. 

S^S<< 

< 

S    A 

j3     ■ 

tan  ■ 

?! 

0) 

:  0 

3  • 
J3      • 

•^ 

j^ 

'* 

•J3 
•  O 

■  yi     ■  o 

>>  : 

«i  «     . 

^ 

■c 

=■? 

-2  «  rt  g 

>.  >> 

•a  « 

V 

a 

3 

ti 

r/>' 

,r^ 

Glover 
relay. 
Robin 
uane  , 
ulberr 

'■JS 

i,  3     . 

^ 

s 

o 

o 

■O   3 

o  o 
5-5  a 

c 
o 

ulberry 
Second 
Imshous 
iring... 
Thoma 
Fair. 

S  ' 
5  is 

'Z^-r- 

SX  2 

(U 

o 

£S 

2U  o'^-''^  i>  =<'S 

JO 

Q 

^^^c-^jQ- 

x"p 

S^s^ 

H 

" 

Q 

^ 

>x 

^ 

h^ 

lO 

X 

I 

1  Ov 

fe; 

ti.<: 

Cfl 

'^ 

5¥xS 

N    ■*  M 

" 

S>2^t«U. 

- 

< 

>o 

'.    ■    '.A    -^  V    '.    '    ■  V  "    ■  '^'    ■    ■    ■    ■ 


'■^  .ti 


-5  3  CS  « 


31 


1 

March  27,  1815. 
July  29,  1814  .. . 
Sept.  28,  1812. .. 
April  26,  1813  . . 

June  28,  1813  ... 
Feb.  26,  i8i6... 
Feb.  23,  i8i8... 
Jan.  30,  1815  .. . 
March  29,  1813. 
March  31,  1817. 
April  26,  1819... 
Jan.  12,  1810 — 

Feb.  3,  1816 

Sept.  28,  1818... 
March  12,  1817. 

Oct.  7,  1816 

May  31,  1813. . . 
Jan.  30,  1815. . . . 
March  27,  1815. 

Jan.  30,  1815 

May  30,  1814... 
March  27,  1815. 

Oct.  31,  1814 

Feb.  23,  1818... 
Aug.  2,  1813  ..  . 
May  26,  1817.. . 
June  29,  1818..  . 
March  12,  1817. 
April  24,  1815  .. 
April  28,  1817  . . 
Aug.  12,  1813... 
April  29,  i8i6  . . 
Oct.  25,  1813.... 
Oct.  10,  1814.... 
March  12,  1817. 
June  28,  1813... 
Jur.e  24,  i8i6... 

May  25,  1812. . . . 

do. 

do. 
June  22,  1812 

do. 

do. 
June  29,  1812. . . . 

cfo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

July  I,  1812 

July  27,  1812 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Sept.  27,  1812 

do. 

do. 
Oct.  5,  1812 

do. 

do. 
Jan.  25,  1813.... 
March  i,  1813. .. 
March  29,  1813.. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
April  26,  1813  ... 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
May  31,  1813.... 

o  ot^«  o>t'NO^OOt-i  ooooo  r^  r>.oo  tvoo  o  Ooo  oo-^om  o^oo  vo  0^00  o^  C^  I-"  I 


I  "^  uTO  r^oo  o  O  »^ 


■*  ■*  'I-  "^  -^  -^  -^  " 


I  ■'1-  iri\0    t^CO    O  O 


in  iTj  »/>  'o  lo  mvo  vovo'OvO'Ovovo'Ovo 

VO^VO  \o'\o'^o'vo'»o'vo'vO  vo  \0vO\0\Ovd\Ovd^  vo'vO  \0'^  \DVO^OOVO^O^O»0^0\O^O^O^OVO^OVO 


129 


;  00  00 

:'2-  • 

:'2 

■  00     ;     ■ 

=2  : 

00  00 

;  otoo  00 

tl 

^^ 

:  " 

<>    ■     . 

'  1^  c>  iC 
.    N    N    « 

N 

'■  XZ 

•   U      , 

:  >.  :  ■ 

>>  : 

.    .  bfiu 

.^    >^>> 

•p 

«  c. 

5  a                      u 

3  « 

y   a   CO 

S<: 

►2.S 

i. 

«5 

S 

<2 

dss 

< 

o  u 

2*? 


cx^ 


ar  J  "      2:" 


^  5. 

II 


S  :■;  =  „■  -  >. 

i;  ^  >  o  ^-     -  ff( 
-  =  c  «  Ji  >,g 

crt  O  a:  oo  ifi  ^a  t»«x    Oi^xScu  moo 


« '^  .i;  X  X 


53  «!_; 


>-    4J    C 


55  c'c  «'E 


3J3 
«  w 


o 

a_- 

-  S'jia 


tf  "S  M  «  ^  "3  ^ 


'CQ  a  if  c 
—  =  ?^  c  "^ 


C5v^-tj«;:i.uc.tij5aaaart5c;«c:^c5c 


4)^    .  r:    ■ 


i-i     .   ■*■  -  ir  o  M-vo  00  ( 

00      ■m°°~-^^~''' 


*o  o'  o'  ;?*§  r  "^  u=,  ^  "^  ^ ; 


^00 


a   I  a.5c.°-ac.a5  =  «g-aoQ.£-13  C-a'-J  5ai5SoC.3aSoa'«3  a-^ft-o     "^o 


-°®< 


J  d  d  d  d  o  "-c oo'  o  ®    - d  d  d  6  ei d   -  d    '  N  d  c  d  d  d  d  "A d 


wvo  w  o^ro»*  OnO  O  0»0*  1^00  o*  O^  fn  «  r>*oo  o^oo  i^»-oo»^t^r^«  o*o  t>i  *-  o  c^  o^  r«.  > 


■^  —  u  £_ 


^^^-^•S-i: 


a>  ^  ?  ■ 


'  h£u:S  4'c-^Jf-E''c5-n 
:  c  t-^  <«  5  ^  o  «  lai^  =*-H 
j.~«~oi23C.^cii>« 

.tiirz:a:xxx:^xaax 


:2.<<  — — 


2  c  «  >  ;^  ''.  ^. 


=  -'•3-- 


a 


-'■  M    ^    O    ?    4) 


c  y 


—  ^  4>    -  a 


iiO  5>  c  ^  t5  «  S  s2i;i;  If  c 

u  c "^  c  ij  ^ -^  ^  >  ^ "^ "^  H"^ 


O    *•    W    fO  ■*■  »00    tN.00    O  0 


<-  w   fn  ■♦  lovo   rN.oo  <7v  o  ►■   «  f .  ^  loso  r^-oo  O*  O   •-»   c<   ro  ^  »o 
ooooooooooooooooco  a»^Q»<jso»oa*o*o>0'0  o  o  o  o  o 


I30 


00 

w 

00 

o' 

l^ 

_^ 

U 

>> 

<  s 


"S 

" 

"S  " 

M 

>^< 


N           "    2"  0 
00        (S°'><» 

00  t»  oo"oo 

April  24, 
do. 
June  25, 
April  26 
Mar.  27, 
do. 

April  30 
Feb.  26, 
Mar.  12, 
April  20 
Aug.  26, 

<i 

o 
u 

Pu 
O 

W 

o 
o 

<: 
H 

O 


C  C 


:S  i  g  S  ^  ^ 


-  in  o  <"  2 


c  !<  c  J>5V,. 


*  o  o  =  3  W)'^;  ^^ 


ecu    ■S'"'r?,'S2 


j;5 


C  CT3 


0"  tl£ 


c  i-  b 

I.  o  o* 

rt  1)  4> : 

M  O 


.  00    Q\vo    -^ 
*•<»  0000  00 


-  M    »-.     M  '^    „  00 


■  o        •    ■  '■^  ;    : 


1  00 


U-l-Lg-^  i^^J^  V  3""  U.U.U.3  o   u^"";2  3J2J2   5  "-^  '— 


'X.  " 


-  t:  CO 


« 


0  — 


'Cxi  b''-  '''C 


QO  00  00  00 


-00      , 


ro  o  o 


'-'       do  00       00 
00       ~   «         „  c  „         ,^ 

,  _  ^ ^^^",66666"^  6  ^'00'  o  ^  "  o  o  c  d  "    -  «  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  d 

Jj-c-c-a  jj>*o  o\ o -c -a -a -c t;  m-c^  o-a  g'otJ'C-o'c  „-'S_ — —  — 


■  'C'U'Ct^'cct:" 


^2:    o^ 


o>  o 


O    O    »H    t^N    O    ■^t^O'H'    t^»-    000    Ot^t^  coco  00    tv  000    1^00  00    o  o  c 


!  P  V 


°  H  :2  -  c  ^  ■"  i  cf- 

I  oJ  °  3 .2  >•-.:=  cs  O 


S2S 


^•aC(jj.ii3.2>--:=cso  o  "  rt  o  o  3  ■5 


3  O    U 


ia: 

«  =  £, 
c  5  o 


?^.2S3E 


3—   C^ 


O   tS  IB.S  


lU   «   O  ;*: 


t^oo    O  O    >- 


r.vo   t^oo    00^ 


I  ■*  ^vo  r^oo  o>  o  >-  « 


I'o  t^oo  o  0 


r^r^r^r^i^t^r^r^i^t^t^t^t^t>.r^r^rvt^t^t^t^(.xt^t^t^r^i^r^t>,t^c^t^t.^t^t^rNt^r^ 


131 


CO 

"2 

«    " 

CO  CO 

"  : 

- 

CO 

- 

oo    ; 

N 

?5^ 

I^OT 

*w     - 

o- 

CO 

s> 

M  : 

>> 

Ji-c 

k^    . 

)-• 

>. 

u 

>>  : 

<    2    <    2 


—  c  =*       _  (/:  c:  c/i  —-a  c  3    ■  —  „  4j  -^ —'  n  S  ^  ^  i        ^.  --  [- 
md  i-i.',h       "o       r^r^  *      "►C  ""O  °  "O  "^  OF^  ",5J  o£  °r^  '^'S  ■*"0,S'^ri 


a>  o  *j  ^  ^ 


'i'    /^    ^         JJ    w    —    vw  _ 

J3-S.5?   r-   c«   '^  ""   "-    ■'■■5 


3  Jf^  s.a 


w  £,a;  ^<  ^a  Qi  cti  <  J  ►^Ao- Q  ^w  ^J?  M 


F  4J  2 


■5  c 

rt  e  c 

N  e  o 


55  rtS 


^^  00    ^  VO    ^    J;^  Il^OO  00      ■  ^  00  00         oo 


•  CO  ^    J'  •-    i-i    « 


M>.>-'i:  >.>>h£-J 


;<2  M»  "«  " 

^    'oo'    '  o^    -oo' 

t     r\     f~l  ^^     CO     C     O.f^     I 


[^      »o  00 

.  00      , 


^o^oooo    ,o 


<    2 


J  "  ..'S.OO,...!^....." 

.'7373     ,73'a"aT5"3    o  "O  oo'j- "O  "O  "O  _g  "C  "O  "O   NT3T3  }J"'a  T3  TS  T3  TJ 


O  r^  w  ot  ei  00  t^oo  000^0  H  t^O  txcoo  O  «  O  O^O  ^O\0  inr^wco  o»r*  o>oo  O^  0  r^ 

HMM  MMMMMMMMM  MMM  M 


OT    M       ■    «    rt    r-  /  -. 

=  •5  =7T.  o=~> 


fi'-J. 


in^  r^oo  0\  O 


'Zt«, 


'   3  o  1 

re  k.  I 

)   O   4)'l 


-=S2i^«>^ 


«^  J- 

•  —  ^^     * 

•  _'  ^'  3   I 
I  C;  "  ^  I 

I  u  >  .=  ' 

low" 
1«  « t? 


E  IT 


5  -yiH 


oj  >> 


o 


y  w  „   -    -J   —  «  — 


•o ::  ^  CQ  X  >  H  Q  33  Q  *5  > 


doQ 


^    I    tN,  r^  r^  r-  t^  c 


fO  ■♦  invO    t>.CO    O  O    "-•    CI 

rs.  is»  1^  rx  tN.  i^  tN.00  00  oo 


132 


< 
O 
u 

o 
w 

o 
o 

H 

u 


^  '^li « 


c  3  08  es 


^-55-9 


F   "-   «  _S  t/i  <  _rr 


_;  4>  rt  r-   • 


o  s  rt  c"c^  4>ji  o  J!  5  ot/2  «  5  o  B-CS  g  ^x-  S  S  o  g  e  Jr  c  ^.E  e^S  a-^  c 
4)puj;^S«Si--^5'Ui->'i>-e.::«JCi-r    •3.Sr;<uSo°e««c:oti.SSoE 

o      00,  K  rn  "^  o  <^^  >£  O  ■«•>  ,2  «>  00 ,5  N  O  OVK  il  >o  ,5  •^  ♦£  wJ'O  *m^''i^£  <»■£ 
^  t^-«^i)t3  MOM  -rS*  «^ioitie/3  -^-mC/J  t^voooW''.  mW  «  mt-' "C  vo  i— ,  *  to™  nJr'  mM 


-5  c    .  E    - 
.  ,    :  u'c    ■  «  E  r-  ^    . 
;^Ocs2>>c«::::.2t3iu    .>.-d 


S^3ijS^g5^F-SS-=t;«E§Sc^ErtH 

S  Q  oi  w  A-2>3:  Q  ^5:  <  ffi  ^.fc  s  £^  H^i;:;  Ao!  «5  s  i5. 


'^  00  00 


CO'ii       M      M  .CO  , 


':5  4)  ex  cl  rt  5  J? 


00 

00 

<y.  1-^00 

« 

- 

a> 

ui 

00' 
00 

0- 

00 

M 

ri 

« 

1 

1 

1 

0 
00 

r>* 

;^ 

^ 

=2^ 

r^ 

ON 
00 

N 

CT- 

M 

r^ 

1^ 

0' 

in 

VO 

' 

M 

I' 

rr- 

W 

'-' 

)n 

*^ 

w 

rn 

0  VO 

VO 

" 

N    mj2 

N 

'' 

r^ 

J= 

- 

J= 

** 

£J= 

w 

j=^ 

N 

" 

" 

^' 

■oooujoo    ,0000    ,"0 

■■CT3T3   N-OT!    O'O'CaTSoo    r^T3 _j 

3  O  O  O       J 

<  O  Ofci       « 


<^       I 


O   O   **  »-<    O^  M   M   a>00   O    O   M    O   M    O   OnOO   ONmOnmOOOOO   b-UJO   O  00   tN»  000  00   o    o    o   « 


u  ^  t= 


e  E  i 


1-  u  i>  2 

u-a  o  E 

hoc  >  s 

.._-■-  O  rt  !>  C 

Oo:Qx>Qc« 


C  1>   _ 

Dh      '3 
^'3H 


•^  sii 


rt  c  ^-  c  M  " 
«  "*  c4  tr.H  « 


Eo: 

iT^'  o  1-  u 
«?  o  «  « 
j3  tuoMe  !-■ 

in  O  «  (S  3 
<;fflCl>Q 


•3  i;  u  ol  = 

3  «J  O  3  O 

'■?  E  E  m'C 

C  U  t«  o  * 


'  *  E  s'l^'C    ■ 


£3 1^<  3;  .  j2  "J  c  °  '-/^  «<  s  «r 
*•  X  c  o  5J  ci:  3  3  b  S  c 


X  c 
ca  o  rt 
iJfc> 


(  ^  ii-)VO   r^oo   0  O 


1  ■^^  li^VO    1^00    Ov  { 


•  irivO    t^oo   Ov  O 


"-^  oj"^^  E^  ^e'3 

:  o  u  ci:  3  3  b  S  C 

J  ■*  in»o   t^oo   Ov  O 


OOOOCOOOOOOOOO   OvOOOvOOvOvOOONO    o    o    o    o   o    o    o    o    o 

i^t^r^c>vt^rNt^t^t^i-^t^i^t^t^c^r^  t^oo  cooooocooooocooococoooooooooooooooc 


133 


I  «0  VO    f*^  O  CO 


S^<- 


2<     <i6L.jL.(/-,  i.Z<  —.2 


6£ 


=  s 

o  p 

'J-  P 


.eS.=  - 


i  p^  hj)U 


5  ;f  ^  i  c- 

■5255--' 


CI.  ^  ~ 


,=;  i,  be  o  -  c  - 


C5 


'ffi'  ■  £  £  -    _ 


>     j- 


Si  : 

-Oj£  =: 

c  u 

o  bt'c  " 


O     "^    otU  I 


mU 


'■5  c 


n  c 


d  5 


DCs 


c  c  « 


.     .      .  CO   o 

«    ^  00    **    ^    ( 
00  w   ►^     *    -o 


joooooooooooooo™^ 


N   CJ    N    ro  « 


,—  -c-r-o  o-"-a^ 


;  <i2  «-....  o 

;    .'OOOOMOOr-OOOOOOOO 


^      w  —  i;  V 


0000  o^o  ooo  M  o^a«o«0  o«oo  a%n  o  cirot>.o«is.o^  o  roo  oct  rN.H  ooo  m  noOMO^t*.. 


L^ii 


:  a>_    -  _ 

I,  ol  2  «  C.3  ^ 

-c  .s -?:  f^  S  ,9  o 


QQ3:ttG3:sSQ=:s;na0iQt 


S5^-^.^„-^32: 


J3  rt  _ 

u  5  5 


i'O 


".">  S.  ~ .« ^  2 


c  o  5 
rt  o  — 


.5  u   u   " 
U  1,  u  >- 

1-  o  '-jS 


■■3-5  5^ 


'  o  o  ■_'•£  =' 

,  C  S  41   V   3 

-  ~  5  if  -c  K 

-  =  E  S   CJ2 
3  «  «  u  S  t) 


M    W    fO  ^   >A*0    C^OO    0»  0    "* 
00  00  00«OOOOOOCOOOOOOO( 


4    fl  ^  tA^O    t^co    O  0    «    « 
3OO0OO0OOOOO0OOOOOOOO( 


I  ^  lAVO   t^oO   O  O    "^    W    n^  *  lO^O   t^oo 
COOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOCJOOO 


134 


M 

00  "jo 

00  5 

rfo 

00    J 

« 

*^     M 

><bD 

•** 

«  3 

a* 

'a. 

^< 

<S 

I—,      t/5 


)  00  CO  ^  °0  ^  00  c 


« 

N    ^ 

m  u^ 

•     ^»o 

^   • 

Xi  1- 

•  -^ 

.    •  >» 

C  SI 


«  D  lU  «^^  M 


J  5 


^^a- 


4>  «  CI-  C  tl 

Q  £  £  5  " 


■  wj  : 

•c 

^ 

■Cfl     • 

2i 

•  w 

c 

^ 

-— 

^E.^°2>X 


o  c  « 


3  <"  =  sIt: 


I 

.-1 
o 

o 

o 

w 

r  ^ 

<^ 

o 


c  c  >•  = 

■r  c5  >  cs 

5  «'^ 


...        ^  ^  ^ „  ._    »        -        C5  E  >>  c 


in  ^  _•  ti  _■  t;  _"  ^'i 


i. -^  cJ^  <  2  i.  C  i.  ^t  t.  <  S  ^r^  ^W  AS  < 


jC2  o  o  o  tCo  o 

j^*0  'O  "O  "O  w  "C  "O 


•o  \o  -c  y;>'C  t: 


CO   OOO    0O^«0000      On     OOOON«CO   OOO  CO  00   rovo   t^co 


t>.  O  00    O  ts.  000 


-  •;.  c  ^'  rt  a 


<  s    5 

2  c 


^ ;;  i:  >- 


.2  <  „■  « 


-  4)  ^ 

■    -    .  ^    •  «  c 
VI  "2  5  Cj.!  rt''^ 


Ct3   o 


rS  5 


^  o  ^ 


i^as 


:«    5   t;5-2-r^^-5 


otQ: 


-'  c  =  « 


-  lO^O      t^    00    o^  o 


.  t^oo  00  oo  ao  00  oo  c 


CO  •*  iri\C   r-sOO   O  0 


}oooooocoooooQO     oo     OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOCCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC 


135 


OOOO^OO     ,00^°^       ooooooOOc 


■nrt:«^CoMGrt-2.' _ 

•■  ^—"S  3  a  'T^ ^^  =  "73    u   ^^»3  ^  jr 3 «  .ITw •?  3  : 


-OOOOOOOOO     ,o  ^,0  O 

^  TT   -rr  TT  T"  T^  T^  T^  T*  TT      h-  TT      ..     a.  »»• 


/•CG-U-CC 


4>   0*    " 


3         V   V 


M  00    ■  o«o  '<aaeoo»■ooooa^^o^OMO^t^    ^•    Mt^t^o  o>oo  HOoot^Mmoio>oaoMa< 


3  U   1> 


i  5  u - 


S  si  5 


In.* 
a  -r.  ^  _ 

?  •/  if.  5  =' 

-—  o  t/:  o 
3  3  J2  =  yi 

-2  E^iS 

s  s_o  o.r 


il  =^  = 


^=^Sbci-^-^'^.i,>.°. 


o".-g=<^l 


>  -i.     -  u 


•--1  -  cr,9  — ' 


<  ^ti=--; 


)  r  Q  £  ?;  -^  < : 


—  o_ 

ifl  3  jT—  ui;  ?  !^ 


'    4>    0*    ^    = 


CT»  0»  ^  CT« 
OOOO  OO  00 


OOOOOOOOO' 


"0*0  r«.oo  c  0  *"  «  ro  -^  u^*o  rN,oo  o  o  ■•  cv 


136 


< 

O 

X 

u 

CO 

o 

w 

D 

O 

o 
u 


:2 

* 

iri  t^ 

>c 

00 

♦ 

>C 

, 

M    5 

r»  N  JJ 

* 

CO 

00  CO 

■2 

<» 

" 

"2 

tS 

00  Mot 

^ 

<g'2»'S   : 

•2 

Q 

■^ 

0 

00  OD 

N 

vo' 

m' 

c 

0 

•"'  ^■^ 

g  : 

d-gog ; 

« 

1^ 

*-* 

u.'  >. 

ij 

*r^ 

*; 

• 

u  biJi 

'C     '. 

>,-u  ><u   : 

iJ 

C/;      ^^      S      0      <      C/3 

y       «  3  =                   C 
0      S<^                  < 

ai    ■ 

V 

^ 

■c   : 

0 

0 

0 

»>   1 

•^ 

C. 

c< 

u 

^ 

25  : 

2^ 

E 

U' 

es 

>> 

c 

X    > 

0 

;  4 

0  5 
0  a 

Q 

z 

^ 

0 

s 

0 

f     ■ 

.    <    K    C 

0    =    «    « 

■—  5j 

"4 

1 

x 

:S5  :    ^^  ■■« 

t~     ,N-<-oi^i-<n-»-0'^'>-mN^ooo 

fo    000  -*      moo  0  roir-oo-Ti  '«^  -  r J       ^o,*  ov^ 

00   ro  fo        CO  CO  ■•»•  coC/3   P>^    « 

M-fa            VO^     C^O 

f 

^ 

» 

%. 

ij  . 

1 

«c 

t)    i 

c 

::. 

-'C  ^'  oj 

0  5 

—  e 

1) 

c 

1) 

a; 

0  c  55  g=uCfCc 

Cb£ 

i  S  £  5  0  «  s  c 

|o"°S|-Sl 

•-•c  —  ■c~;-«MacfreSrto.artJ2J3^ijOi>;=K"c;=c«3;:^ 

C8                4>   56    3:= 

S    3,a'j:?P^:^S<;>Q^'o<o< 

< 

^<;K    WP<ucai^^ 

a 

S  .  "2  S  «  J^"  ;i »  !:r  ?;  t£  S'^d  ?'?  £  J 

Jol'^s^^'il^- j,S 

^j-n'S'n  ♦«<» 

1 

1 

CS^P^OOCOmCOOO         00    NOC 

W  CX)  j^  00    N  oQ 

•5 

'  o;  o'g^?,?g^^  ?r^  g  M  g^o  g  og  2^1 

1 

^«^bk^>.^^^r^^ 

Xu  >.^  >, >. " 

.    C 

<j5''35=»c.a.aD.o  S""  —  *  c~  ™  == 

«.    ^S^cJlQ?.S=.SSOS<^c> 

^ 

,  o^>;<AS<-<^<Oc> 

^<S<4SS 

0    •  d        ■                    •    •          « 

■ji 

<gS^      0                ««        =2 

N    "                  «    "■          C» 

\> 

"  °o  "     00              "S  '2 

oooo           oo<g        « 

\0     -vo'C     ,0000-    'OOnOOC 

c 

0   0'^'  C:0'    ,Oo'OOC 

6  0  d  0"  d  d  d 

'1 

^-  ^  ^                          •    •         9 

■C    r^^TT-C   N   °~   f' -C  "C -U  •«  "C  "CU -C  "C -C 

O4 

0  0  w  "^  000  000  vO"OOt>.Oor^r^t^oo     ON(^«o^w(^Ooor^  t^oo  00  m  00  n  0  t^  r^ 

X 

M     M     M     M                                             M                     M     » 

M               M     «              H 

W                 M 

*: 

2 

en  c«    . 

a  c 

Q   : 

5 

-»*'    I 

>-^  „•   «   S  4> 

'  Sx 

> 

ci 

< 

■^ 

—  S  2  oj: 

r^ 

■  -■—■    ■ 

; 

"o  — 

2 

>, 

c 

£S<>2>£« 

■^ 

..  a.  "^  .it 

^ 

*-,=« 

"c  'ri  ^-.y 

^    ! 

«  3  t^  -'  ** 

^ 

•c  ^  •;:  -p  S  <u  •-  3  ii  «j    'i: 
cS(S«csCO-3c«c:«ca 

iE  S  b  E  c'  r-'  u 

o.S.^  c  C-5S 

—     C     U    C8     CSk..:^ 

y.-r.z- 

^a- 

s:  X '„  1 3: 

QQPao- 

>>QQxxXc«<aQfc 

^^  ^„  J 

^      C 

M   c<    CO  ^  10^   t^oo   o»  0   ►*    o 

fT)  -*■  invo  t^oo  0 

1     i/-,ioioiA)ininuiio  invo  >0  >c 

VO  VO  VO  ^  ^  "O  *0 

>^ 

c 

^  0-  c 

^o^  c 

'^  ^ 

^  c 

>  c 

^  c 

^  c 

■>  c 

^c 

^  0  c 

^  0  c 

h  c 

-      C 

h     C 

^  c 

^  c 

^  0 

^  C 

^  0 

NC 

!>  C 

N  0 

^  c 

'°^ 

^a                  "         " 

^  0 

^  0 

>  a 

h  o>  a 

^  a 

137 


a  Pi 


00 

oo" 

"  oo' 

:" 

00     ^ 

j= 

':  J  .  i 

0 

3     . 

.  :  B  :  5 

'^ 

a    • 

t:>    :  ? 

^  ^ 

>    . 

a  c3 

Bro 

and 

id  "l 

>,  ■? 

=xi 

„ 

—                     — 

^   S  -^     '  d 

''•t: 

~  r  u    ■    • 

^ •       ■ 

i^'5"Et; 

§.^   -   - 

u 

5 

'^ 

5:^  = 

i-: 

E 

i; 

III 

?  E^ 


l^-,-"  O        O  a>  «  V 


o  tn  o>^  —  oo'^»-t'-'«««'-'OMOO  wwT^wJ 


5j?3; 


J  ^    U    1-  ■ 

^  <  a  X ; 


Jc^ 

•c-c  =:r  Cw 


i.^^ 


•>00   O  00  00  »o 


(»!»=2mc»c»  "  "»<»  m"»m<2  "com  "=2^'S'2  "mm'^"      §"<»'2"'ii -""Sot 

2  ^  •<  73  '5  *5  <^  ^  — v<  <  —>'—>>*  S  — >— ,^  J-  C/3  ll.  ■—><  ^  — .— .<        j:.y)0'S<<^CAl«6— ^ 


00«000o00v0000000200     'OOOOOOO-OOOOO     . 


6^ 


>J3 


>.9  c 


;  V-    -  4)  5  u  J"t:  c 


o  E: 


■  u^vO   t*»00   O^  O 


■  u-io   rN.00  Ov 


0»^0\Q»0^0»0*0'0*0*d*0*0>0>0»0^3^C»0>0*0» 


.,„   _-_        wfn^  lO^O  t^ 

5'0^5^oa^o*a*c^a^o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o 


^38 


.8 


< 

O 

o 
w 

o 
o 

<! 
U 


ics- 

"S^ 

r^ 

05 

0^ 

vO 

•-* 

^   >-• 

•^       IM 

'-' 

"-■ 

00 

"J      . 

00 

"  °: 

^? 

N      •      ■ 

g^  : 

« 

■"d 

*o    . 

ta 

S^ 

4>     ■ 

c    • 

a  • 

s* 

a 

S 

.ss 

^S 

1—, 

e« 

Crt 

<^ 

o 

MS 


u  ol  _ 


j=        ■  c  a  i;  <u  cj 


ca  o 


£i-- 


=  1) 

«  C 


5    .—  aija.c  u 


OVv*  »1      ■"  0    0  ■«■  N    ■«■  V  rh    «    «    M^VOOOOO    NOOC 


?0 


If.   ■■JJZ 

u  a-  - 


c 

c 

*  s 

0) 

•o 

a; 

^'S.  : 

O 

O 

•  a-o    • 

c 

;^      • 

> 

> 

■  2         ; 

bi  : 

._  JJ._ 

"C 

•  —           •     •   —     . 

•  I 

.  1)      ,/ 

• 

CJ    <=    R 

■   u.    ~      ' 

i: 

r        oi  .'.v     ; 

■  c 

>.c     .  S  5  r 

.S'ES 

i  2-S  «u  2  u'S  J  ; 

•t/2  o  c  o  «:    :      ,_■  " 

s^    ^ 

>>  .„>,S.'"ox  =  x 

o--->.r;iJi:sc-^-?i:T-  = 

,;  ^-c  uj=  u  o    .  i;  >-  c  s - 

^ 

1 

^£ 

T3  C 

< 

LI- 

i 

■=  E? 

3:^ 

c 

'Z 

J 

J 

3. 

I> 

Jan 
Am 

Pat 
Ant 
Jan 
Isai 
do 
Pet 

f.hn 

o  o," 

1 

•5 

March  28,  1825 
April  28,  1828  . 
Sept.  5,  1825.. 
April  29,  1823  . 
March  28,  1825 
May  19,  1824  . 
Oct'.  31,  1825... 

April  25,  1825  . 
April  20,  1826  . 
May  29,  1826  . 
May  30,  1825. . 
June  25,  1827. . 
May  30,  1825. . 
Feb.  27,  1826. . 
April  27,  1829.. 
Sept.  29,  1828. 
March  29,  1830 
July  16,  1824  .  . 
Sept.  28,   1829. 
April  26,  1824. . 
I''eb.  27,  1826  .. 
July  28,  1828  .. 
March  26,  1827 
April  20,  1826  . 
April  20,  1824  . 
April  26,  1824  . 
Oct.  26,  1826... 
May  29,  1826. 
Nov.  20,  1830. 
June  26,  1826  . 
Sept.   5,  1825. . 

do. 
Jan.  26,  1829. . 
April  30,  1827  . 
July  26,  1824  . . 
Oct.  26,  1826... 
J;iii.  31,  1825.   . 

'OriOOCOO     .00 


)cj,o^- 00000 


o  «  O  O  O  O   o' 


^TSTO-c-cG  S)°°  <N"a"ccc<»'c  "•Cj-'^^c'C'C  « 


►^  z, 


JSIS-^    s 


O    r»  r».  «   O   O  00  < 


t^  O  00  o  VO  o  000  o»oo  cx>vo  i-i  rN.woooo  txOoo  in.  tN,oo 


C4    O  M  00 


,     .-     -     '  OJ    „- 

1-  1-  u.  c  a>  — 
c  — —  2  ~  a 
aax  Son 

O   O  3  O  O  rt 


-  ^-=S  o 


•~  —  ■■<  id  Lj  j=      —    ":-.-—;  :r:  "J"'    CJ 


;-:mM'-' 


>-•/■;  c-^?^  ^  ;■ 


S 


-  o  u    ^1)    \.._  ^ 


.i!  —  —  ;;:—  t:  — 


<o 


:i.x 


Q75: 


-  ci 


OJ  rt  — 


i?t{^ 


;>xc/5o 


^ 

— 

J2 

:: 

Q 

4) 

:^ 

^ 

c 

« 

•^ 

>a 

00  O  O   <-"   N   r^  ■*  mvo   t>.co   a-  o   •-  «   (^  •«*•  i"^^   f>.00  O  0 
00000000000000000060000  o'b'o'o' b'6' 0' b  b  o  6  6  o  o  o 


139 


vog>        0>'S 


CT\  CI  « 

«  00       oo 


>."5 


_«>  o 


^  u 
m     O 


'^  u  o  _  1 

4  hM  1—1  CIO  O 


■r.  ?j:  ? 


5-  u  S 


<5^ 


5--  — —  =  c.i    .t:e«       Coiu       C:SJife 


o 


biu 


,00 


'  CO 


g^  5r  g^  *  s  s- 


00  00  ^ 


PONOOfJOOOOOO        JX^woo 
OOOOmOOwW-  OOoOm 

;   ,   ^oo'tCino'OfT   ,»Ac 


■o 


«  «  c^  i?  « 

.  o'  , '  o'  f>  cf 

m  ^  ro  N   M 


^Si.<^<- 


-.^  u  ce  3  3  !r a '^ ^ i>  !riTir    "•sir   ir«5  3«s  «  a  «  3  u 


■iVi  ZXi  OiCO^ 


■  O    o'  O     -  O     . 


as. 
« 


^  »**  *— ,^-^sJ  I — ► 


<    O     OA 


0000  00 


«a.i:;        X.-Jz, 


<SJ 


o  00  <«>  M  ^HOo  «©  M  r^  ■♦  o»  0*00  cot^roo  ot^oo\o  i^oni^ci  i^ovO»i^m  o\oo  o  t^oo  00  o*  e* 


1=   . 


.    J  : 


3=  J 


;-  =  r:  =  =  i  Y-  r  -  " 

?I  =  =  =  i-3 


_•   .  o 
t;  c  - 


6  n  J  <;  ■  V 

;::  i  4)  o>  a) 
—  42^  c  -  " 


[So^-'*"'' 


a  u  =  o;c  = 


■Jo    ■  J5  cs 


S!;f  3 


i^'no-'g  L^;;'^.«  «|<-5<5  E^  s'H 

53  o'i  s  i  i  til  =  =  =l-^i=":li 


>0  r«.oo  ^  0 

3"  ?  o  o  o 


'00000000 


.  O    -    «    fn  ■*  f-vC    1^00   C' 


C    <-"    «    f^  ^  in\o    rvOO   On  O 

00000000000* 


I40 


•CO 

-  .  : 

M    °° 

•  cf 

0      ■      ; 

^00 

C. 

R 

I 

< 

o 

X 

CJ 

o 

w 

o 
o 

< 


E  u 


I    4J    >^L 


p  S   tD 


:.Q  bii 


■^—     Mt^C  CO,^i,,-i  ir)CJN  O  ^nfOm-^fn•«^MN^^fO 


C  1>  3 
S  C    60 


•-  rt  o 

,•   C    N  ~ 


:-2  .-5§-5 


iT  lu  t;  t^  ^  •- 


:5  o-c  >-  >, 

*j-C  O-C  1- 
C6  C)   a>   C3 


00  CO  00  CO 


m     00  00 


I  r^  t^\0  -^  . 


^  rt        y  "^  rt 


»   -«ooo 


3  &=  =5  3   ^«  S 


CO     ,OT°^     o*^     ^oo°ooOoo   " 


out) 

OOfe 


0^^0    W    t^  O  O  t^OO  00    t^OO    Ot^OWOQOr^OVO«Ow    O*^    t^     w      OO-^o-^t^r^oo^M 


E  rt. 


■?£  = 


O  O 


Sac 


X 

E 

« 

1^ 

w  'J 
w'  o 

o  ^    '   • 
=  ^'    ,  53  5  j:  g  =  >,  > 

;-  S  o  o 


•5  te 


sl^ 


.ti  m  «> 


;  —  C/3  S  „-  O  C/3  ' 


c  o  !r,  o  >>=  = 


>>XOQ 


>oo.i:3    o— «oo~>->.ca 


CJ  : 


1-   u 

J3   3 

ND5 


■  »ovo  t-^oo  a\  o  ^ 


J  -^  lOVO    r^oo    Qs  o 


OOOOOOOOOOOO   OOOOsOOO'Oa^ONO    o   O    o    o    O    o    o    o    o 
OOO0OOOOOOOO0OOOmmmmm)hm«mm 


)  -r  »ovo  i-xoo  o  o 


141 


» 

■«■ 

rj 

e 

„ 

a 

■^ 

n 

«s 

^ 

^a 

a 

< 

OO  00  oo 

moo  »n 


<  4s 


^ 


a  = 


^    It   .^6  =  |6-5-5' 


>>2 

—   o^'^m       o»fn       M-«j-       '»r^K     M         1  M  m       o^oo-r' 


.5§3: 


o  o 
o  o 

^  J3 


>^-522wS 

vO    O    in  M 


.:=:  3^ 


=  =s  b 


.W 


^<^ 


■'  ^  j-  ^  c 


E  '^  o  4^::^ 


(/3       — ,- 


'I^<S 


■J=  „•  -  «  ^-   • 


;2-- 


<5  0000 


A    IS 


«00   tN,M«   OnM   r^O    tN.O^O^O   mOO   0\tN.m  t^OO    OnOO  00    r*  a»  o   o\  C>  t^OO    Ov  > 


=  =4 

o  I.       u; 

J3  O  _•  s  . 

t^  S  5  ^- 1'  j; 
•S^2-gti5 

=  «  C  I-  B  - 
O  u  U  0--  S 


C      'J=  "    N 


E.«  : 
o  c 

JZ    Bl' 


■  - o  t<  :•? 


■§=4^; 


iJ*^ 


;r:S 


;•=  "  St! -3  .-r 


i  S  c  s 


w    --  ^  w  ^ 


-  uT  ^  -S  —  -^  ■" 


'5  s 


3^a.j3- 


-   3 


'^  ¥  -?■  r  - ,'    V  5  "  _  V  ,T  'i  '^  !C 


:  w  --  u: 


ro-r  w^o  r^oo  o*  o 


w  ro  f  mo  r>.oo  O"  O 


r~>o  r^oo  o*  0 


I  -^  lAo  r^oo 


142 


2    '  M  «  S  5  j?    '  =  >  a  a  -c  j:  "  a  "  .=  i:  £  S  -g-  ■=  -g  ;S  ^ 


>  ■*  mvo  r*«oo  o  O  M 


u^^o  rHOo  OS  O 


vOvO'OvOvO'Ovovo^  rN.ts,r^cN.rN.r>»rN.t>,t^  i^oo  ooobooooooooooooco  o^o^o^OnO^ono^ 


14; 


00 

■  o" 

o  w  — 


•31 


•  CO        —,         r-^ 


1)       1- 

S     2: 

Xi-C  H  o   =  O  S 


\  ro  m       t^ 


>> 

s 

be 

c 

tn 

.  ^ 

_ 

I-  ^ 

U]~      (/} 


I  o  o< 

T-;  TT  T- 


^  >  «  rt  o  fi  = 
m  0>  M  - 


—  u 


ii  o 


o  ,-  c~  o 


~    "00 

oo'  o" 

S"§  *.2  a  "  3 


00  00  00  00  00  00 


CT.  lA  o'  t>  O^  o'  i  t»  g"  ri  "   1^  >"=2  "  "^'"S   rC  O 


■  <» 'S  "S  ~   "  c?"?  "2  °°°° 


j;  ■::  •::  -c  >  >.•£:  -c  ■?;  r  2i  •::  ^-  •  >.  >•  >.-s 

^<  <  <  2  s  <  <  J?  <  =.<  o  ►^ = s  ^-^ : 


■    j;._._    >,ji  ■    ;;    U    U 

,  cfl  — ,■<  <  2  2  O  —  Z  ►-,— , 


ocoooooo 


g"2  =  '^:?r 


in^O   i^QO  0»  O   w 


I  ■><■  UTO   r^oo  o  O 


T44 


.  X  V  =  iiCT:  — 


^„-^oa)^  =  i: 


:  ^> 


:^' 


•-  -^  \0    ■*■  O   O  t^vO 


I 

< 

O 

u 

O 

w 

D 

O 

o 

<! 

-< 
O 


-•^■?'l--  =  lrt' 


'^  c 
:  j;^  - 


■  u~t:  ^'  i^^  li    ..i:  o    -js  >-  o  _•  3  it      o  -  sci-,-J: 
E  E  =  ==  =  £  £  t  2  °^  S^-g  S^  6^  =  ^^p^ 


I— Ifin  -«  ?»         «J-  I 


—  '"  -  ^  S ; — ^X 


>  O  O  o  o 


00  00  ro  fO  v2 
w  rooo  f1^, 
,00    w  QOOO  « 


'^  6  ~-  "'S 


rj  ro  fO  ir,  o  IT)  ^\o  ir-.oo  }J  Z.  ^^O  fO  •  ro  f*^ 
)  ro  r^  rn  CO  ro  f^.  ro  n-,  c  ^  (S ^C?  ^^00  ^  CO  CO 
iOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOO       ,*S     w  ^  00    M  J^  MM 

'  "  d  1^  <> 


O^OO 


^  >'^  >>^  -^^  u  ■^'    •     •         ■  -.J    .  *j*    .    .    -'u  >>t>»t>^*^  >^*^  >^^  u'C'u  >  '^'u     •      'CC 
^f^<  H-.<  X  -^  ^  y,  — *— .         X  •— tCA  — %^%0  <  — %<i  's^  — .-^  c/3  ^^^'^  <  <  1^  — »<  — »     <  < 


So 


J5      A 


000  f  o  o  t^  0»  t^oo  O  O  00  00  ^o  m^o  ■^t^hs.w  o  or>.<M  woo^  O 


.i  jj  s 


•  ■5  =  -  °  =  •?=  S  o  «  ci  c  -..:: 

"^-   ^S-SS^'^^-S-.-'- 


rc  c  s  ei. 


=  2  §  ^^-H  ^IIt: -•  s  rt  5  §  |i  I  i  5 


■5  s2 

s  2  '-^  5 

°  s  >  ■ 

fci'E  .22'. 


xxSSS 


£5 


irjvO    t^OO    0^  O 


■  in\o  txoo  o  o  w  ci  m  "*  tnvo  t^oo  c  ( 


J'O'OvO'OvOvO'Ovo^O    t^hN.r~>. 


145 


:  >. 

s  ss; 


St    131 


c 

~      o  -  _•  _■ 


s  o  o  s 

2  =-0  o     =  =  D  = 
>  !>  .    s      rr  ?:  o  o 


1=    e"    " 


«a  oi:.-x-r:o-3-;^>^i|-gio-ou4:;^  =  ac 


^•GT30  "'  "U    ^~ 


1= 
^  g 

^2 


-.5  •  ^"^ .;  cs^_ 


o « «j 6-B~ 5~    s ^o 5 s £=  =  ^b « r:^^ S p o "" o c o c s  = 


■  fn 


fO 


<    ,   .    _  -  "  "  o'^ 

'00   O    O^     •-     '     '  fO     ^ 

j-N-c  "  „  ^  "—  "S 


W     M     „      „     «00 


.»   00  00 


<■<        •<     «si<     <  S  .<  S  r«  ^S —<  t/2  ^ —>72  <  ^  "'!  —  '<  S  ^H->-c  IS  « «s  Z  i—,<5 


^1— ,' 


«\O00«O    ONM    Ot«    M    OM 


o  o^  o^^  t^  " 


o>  <:>  «  o  **  o^^o 


o*  t^  in  a»oo  vo 


146 


•5 


CO 

Pi 
< 

O 
X 
u 

O 

w 
t> 
o 
o 

< 

< 


>i 

00 

w 

00   0 

^ 

_ 

^% 

^ 

'm 

CO 

CO  00 

=0  : 

00 

H~ 

« 

^ 

m 

\n  0 

(^  ; 

M 

S-0 

a 

> 

C 

1— . 

0.  ■ 
u 

> 

1= 

■^^22  '^' 


'MCT^ 


o  15  =  lu 

"C  CO  CI  «  t^  w  000  00 

M  C4        w        -^       M  IN.  tH  moo   in  «*> '-'  ■* 

row  ^  »0  MM  ^MMMXOlHt-l 


y..^6  6^^. 


it 


5i  o  ° 


ca  « 

*  XO  - _,, 


CO  •5. 


O-c 

C5  ^ 
>_= 
&0 


■      '-        :  ui         ■    ■  "«  tr'  "  ui  it' 


:'S^o 


,W  S^c/:* 


=  S  "  £  £-«;  "  £  S  «^  r^ 
(/;  H-,'^  -J  J       a.  S  fc  C/3  J-       ►-.^ 


-Ji,^  ^  a    .i; 


3  00  00 


CO   O   roc 
00  00 


Z„  0OO3    «  CO  ■■ 


•  -^  r^  m  •-  E^, 
000000  -^ST" 
M    >.    >-  CO  >» 

'  o'  O  ^o'  T? 00  tC  0'  r^oo  ^o    *    ' 


p;oo  00  t^  10^ 


K->.>    «^    i^r,      iJWH.-.^     TO    "W    CB>iH 

Z  0 1— ,0  ^a>  1— .f*  <.  O  t->OT  1— ,»*  t 


j  ^.  >— iC/3  c/)r^(r>> 


0000000000 


jj-c-OTS-c  gN3  tri-a -c  73 -a -a -c -c -o -a  T3 


o  c-J;  c 


00   ro 
M  00 

H  bi 

I— i**. 


>  O  00  30  000  vo  ov  I'loo  t*^  o  «  i^vo  ^  o^  1^  o  00  m  t^  t^  ■*  r>\o  o  00  ^o 


» t^  O  o 


W 


5-- 


3-5  = 
5    ,  -  ^'  5  ^  >-  C  u.'  tj;  SI  «^ 

3SS:-^tii.xxawn:^ 


•  0.2 


SS: 


^< 


Sj5^ 


cgEs 


(_J  c  'J  «J     -     =  c 


.«i5  Us  S2.«  ! 


:t)io 


:>>r>UL.Jioj 


C  c  =  n-- 

2  2-5EC-- 


;  «  B  g        ,   >  .    „ 
)£xo  £  Js£SJSx£< 


j!!^  c  c  £: 

O    O   >    >   (U 


M    w    (v,  •^^  irjvo    t^O 


m  "*  irivo  rs.00  a»  O  M 


)  ^  mvo  tv.00  o  o 


147 


6 

00 

ft 
w 

•«  bo 

4j   C  —  , 


be 


u  c  -  _■ 
-^     -o  "-S  «      -  -■  -< 

ro  "^    >n  3    l^'^  "^   « 


5  -.x 


1  o  <u 


<2 


X  t^'  ^    •   •   *  ^  ^ 

•i/:'CC'3^000lnw^,7; 

M    fO  O  OOO         \0  o    f^  00    CO 

00    «     M  NO  VO  NO  M  COtI<    CI     -^  <n  M     ^     M 


X  yj  £  >  «■  g  -^   >, 
^J=   3<-    -    "   ' 


^2 


=C  1^  .2 


;-5t3 


'^  !=  C   5  X^  — . 


>  u 


:  >.  :  « 

—        u     ^  _ 

(/5  s  ^^Z  K  a  s  <5    4;  t^vi  >-»J  >--, 


b£ 


:    jSJ 

."   Olj  4) 


)  W    On  1^1  N  CO    ^O  00  c 


,    , ■  -^ ,1  -^^^  ■«•  en 

00  00  00  00  00  00  00  oo   r  CO  CO  00  OO  °0  00  00 

i^N  "S-c  •§  •§  '^^  "^"S  "S'  o'  ^  "^  "  °  "'^'"S  m"  "^  ? 
Nu  —4;  4?"  ^a)3i)U34.3>*34'4'  ir^f"  « 


t-^OO  IT)  t^  O  t^  «  O  t^ 


O  00  IC  tvNO  OnCO  VO   •  O  O  OnOO  0>  -tNO  ■«• 


'u  o 


.  ;^  K  1-  • 

'   C   C£d 

;■— ,0  --- 


::_««  = 


c  =?  i>  ?,— 


-Q  0*  J3  . 


oS 


St; 


«a'K 


rt-  e-S:-  = 


0  «  c  I. 


.12  ?;  E  s  ^:  i-:  if  ^  ^ 


3  3 

U  C  =  . 
U   ftj   i>   ; 

e"  3  o  t) 

xaa  = 


■  5  o  i  =  ■=  =  T> 


Ef  Ef  Ef  ^'-c     --■■£■£  5"  =  '  ^  -  = 


,S>2,-5- 


c£ 


If 


u  c: 

xo.: 


■-  w  ro  ^  »o\o  tN-oo  a>  O 


f<)  -♦  w^^O    txoo    O  O    «-« 


n>6  'O^^^'O^*©*©^ 


^00  00  oo  oo  00  c 


148 


c«0     Z 


A<      s 


OO  00  CO  qq"00  *2  OD  00  j^  CO  00 

ddd'ddd''",  ',A  '^'  "  d  6  6  o^o  6    -  d  d  d  d 

2  ^  '-'  ^  Ji  >  °^  ■"'    ■  >  6 

z  u  S  t;  S  o  S  Jr"S  o        <u 


<  *o  t^  o  o  ro  (^00  o\ot^**m**  o\«  M\o  o*M  MOO  r*-io-^«  o*ei  ooo 


c  5  S. 


i=Di 


E.i! 


4)   c 


■i^a 


,N_:  >>S 


tt 


_  .    kr-ri      ,  -    -    - 

ll|.l-g|;^|--2^,.^ 


S'o  g'o—  -   _   _ 


vO       h-OO    ON  O    M 


nvo  1^00  o  O 


149 


>o' 

—  «  X  C  ^  X ,';; 
0  >o  \o 


„  o  n 


O  oo  4>  00  -^vo  o  •*  o  «  -^  ro  "^^  ^o       vo        Tf  r^  — 


r^  ro»— t  rO  M 


;Si:'^:s 


oo  r^  «  o  oo  ^c»  00  C".  t^  "*  fO^O  cor*,      oo        cioo*    oo     ro-^-oO'-ooooo  ooo  oo 

OOCOOO  ^         oo  OOOOCOOOOOOOOO  00         OOOO^OO      OOmOOOO      ,      ,000000      ,c 


3   M_.^_.   = 


^SP^S^a; 


•il 

■^     , 

O    «    « 

rs 

, 

r 

> 

0  a-^^_^ 

"w 

^?^^"§-£ 

'C 

^  < 

>^ 

2i  >■::; 

Si 

««-NO 

0\*0    0  ^  CO 

« 

t^  lo  ov  0  r**  ^*^o 

O     ^fc.     < 


r^     O^00    fO  ♦ 


)  0\  «-t    ONOO  00    lA  O    t^ 


I50 


^ 

<» 

^ 

O.                      di                                                    u                                             o. 

o 

< 

<! 

O 

< 

3  5  «  ?;- 


«a  6 

o  o 


5  Jq 


t:  53  '^ 


Er?> 


3    .-r'y  o  5  u 
•f  ^,  I-       u  a>  c 

IT)       ^£}   V  oo    M    C4 


o  c  r:  — 


o 
o 

CO 


W 
O 

o 
o 

U 


"3 

y 

"Z 

c 

^^:2 


c  c    .    . 

J=-C  o  o 


be  o  -^  '^  '-^  ,■  • 


sso   s 


s 


„'  „  *  2  c   :  c 

c  —  u  .5  -r  —  o  •  • 
b5  05-^0—00 
■  -C(uM23in^^ 

:     «  flj  c^  -«  ^  ^ 


>  ^00  00  (^00 


MM«.0Ow<2^0OOO  o5  00  <2  00     .  CO  "2  °°    5-  " 

7^  >  -■  X^  ^  ^  >.  «J  >,  «J  ^  -•  ^  jJ  !-■  "  ^  ^'       "  Z  «i  >,-:r  ^'  ^  ^'  >>-■>.  w  B  H  ^  ^  ""S  "■ 


r'C~~'C'C-C   -•C'C-C 


J3     5 


■3-  »^  *<  ^^    — I'yj     (/3 


in  o  00  «  ro  t^  moo  -^  M  w  c^  o  c^  ino  w  00 


:  >,S 


T.I 


zai 


S  S  =-■_  5  >,  =  =  «  S 


:c/j 


S"l  = 


^>^ 


rt  i:  s> 


•  00  CO    10  0%V0    O    «  00    »H 


s 


^-  ^  ^  •? 


J 

■^  o 

o  S"*-  ■   - 


SQOOS2SS'J'J<'jQQl2i?S:x>>a^!jaWMJ>xJi-WI>00 


5< 

f  o 


bs 


I  -rj-  in\o  t^QO  o^  o 


■  u^vo   r^oo   o^  O 


1  i/^vo  *OvOOU3v0^vOvO'0  i^t^t^r^t-^t^r^r^i^  t^oo  oooooooocooooocooo  ooo^ooo 


15' 


u 


■ic?-     £?     a. 


~     «     M  VO 


■r  O  ->. 


c  c. 


■        .   ^        J3-C-C 


.Ho 


<  u-c-=  -  o  a  o    •  = 


-:0 


C  cs    •  —    .  a 

'Z  9—         SO 


:S 


5.SO 


■c'c  >  o 
a  =  -G 

QO 


■^co    ^  ^  ■*    .   . 


i^     vo  "-  ;^  I 


-2^ 


^'Z^6<S,^l         ^<AI^0=^     (^5^21:^11  l^£^l 


•3-5- 


o  o  o  o  o 


-o  o  o  o  o    -o 


(XO 


•■•a  Tj  "o  Ts  JJ"  g^  ^.-o  "c  « "o  -a  "ca  T3    '"c  -a  "a  ^  "c  "o  '^■o  -c  =2  ts 

£    "  :2  3  3      §■  ie 

^     Si.  S^A        crt  O 


IN.  lo^o  oo^ooo  Ovt^O^o  -^mfOiNiO^O  «*o  ■^■♦orsw  r^vo  ■*  o*  o*  O^o  now-*  -^^ 


152 


<u 


<u  u  <U  o 


u 


o  >,■: 


P    O    O    , 


.  CO 


O^  o        O 

M  00  >-M  00    CI    M    ONOO 


VO  00 


'O 


I 


X 

C/3 


ii-S  c^'P'-c"  5  -    t.    ^  "  - 


<6<^- 


UJ5       5 


S^2.<"K 


O 

W 
ID 

o 
o 

< 
u 


Q.  U  u'  rt  Q  o.  Cu^  rr 


^^f-gfl-gf^foooj; 


6  b?^  -•  c  "■  -■  S."  *^"  >-c  S ^  !-■  i^  >.-c 


S       ^ 


o    2    IS    q; 


t*,»n«00»NO^OrOVO       NO^t-*  OnOO 


t^O  0>mt^o^-*-rnt^O\N( 


1  M  vO    w  \0  00 


> 

o 

< 

^"5 

■^ 

S  : 

•:^ 

6   : 

A 

:^ 

.|«I ; 

K    « 

<; 

>5>  -'t: 

^^1 

"a 

a 

^ 

OJ 

c 

o 

3   3 

^  J 

a 

^ 

■:::  =  =  3^ ji^  5£. 


rpl  g  §  3  ii'^Q"'!  I  I  i-3  5-0  |E>o^  §1  §:?  S  S  S=s•S■ 


o'c'a  ' 


■^  m^  r^oo  a-  o  t-" 


«*•  ^  -<*-    Tl- 


1  ^  invo  t^oo  o  o  iH 


I  i^vo  VO  VO  ^  '^ 


153 


f^     *     5> 
00      "    <» 


■"■  '5  •^' 

O    <   fc. 


o. 

oo  r^ 

oo' 

«>' 

u 

*i  -J 

^ 

^ 

o    o 


•S  •  J 


o     o       o 


:-Z      '^     ~ 


>  0  =  ^ 


4j  "  O   4J  —  C 


i. 


.it",       ■-        rt-"^  «  ^  .  --^  y     --I =  r-2.-^     •     ••--     ■  — 

si  4 1  °:^  i  °i=l4^  S  i^  =-5  g  £-=il5i  S-§^  s-  g  £ 

sa-^Q-Wtfl^  -0A^S'03JJ2,    x<^r-^=:22:         <     <c« 


^  ^  ,;jOO  vo  t^  '1-       t^  t^  -r  r^vo  oooo  ^«  ^^^-r-^-i-^lj^^^ 
^^oooo'oo'"      oom'Smoooo  "  *(»M°2oo'Sc»'Soo»ooc 


— :       T-.     t^—.- 


O      ^ 


Ot  ^  00  o  tNi  o\*o  00  o  w*ovo  o^M^o  o  «  t^r^* 


ro  O^  -«*-  t^oo 


O?** 
u* 

0=,: 


:  i^ 

2 

^^ 

a 

r 

:0 

■=  E.i 

— 

> 

j; 

> 

oOc^.  S 

t,~ 

,3:  „ 

C  i; 

2 

■j:  = 

_~ 

tc 

154 


00 

00  00 

>6 

00 

o   o 


o     .ti-~ 


^"3 


bi:; 


ca  C  2  o  c  v.  u  V£,T3    .  C 

CO   Oi^  jSt^f^O         O         ^  O  roio 

WO       tJ  -^  »ooo  oi/i      fn»^  Mocitx 


S    >    X 

ti  »-  rt  <1^ 


_       _  C   (« 


c*      fn     ro  M    M 


i 

Pi 
< 

o 
u 

en 

o 

w 
D 
O 

o 

< 

u 


^S 


VT3 


cs  E-^  eS-C  w~  u._ 


X  ^2  ■/i^-tj 


.  c".?"£=1 


bu  o  1^  g  ■-  o 

<  f-l  H- .Crt  <  ^ 


bc^  «  ^  N 


2  00  ^00  «  CO 


00    M-oo  00    f 


'  tC£  o  «  2,^ 


<  <=;  tt.  <  Q  ^S     ^.  S  2  c/2  S     t  S  S 


00  00  00  "^  00 

^  M  I-.  n  «  "  N 


,co   a-  ^  ^    ,    ,    •; 


CO    I-  CO 

■     '   O       ' 


<^^Z<0<^U^'-^-^<A^'Z'A 


1l  ^^ 


?    =2      ?! 


JS5     - 


t^  (^  Cy,  O^  O  C 


-o<^Oo;oooooo 
I'D  —"o  N'C'O'C'O'O'a 


s    < 


0    O  VD  'O    n*.vo   O     O      ^«.orco^OOOMMOOOoot>.0^^^^^^ 


Cud 


s 


< 


—  — -  u  t« 


„    U    U  J-,  J3 


'■5'»5   :f,'   :  a   '.s 


^OrtSs'JcacsaMO 


u  ^  2  —    =     S  C^^i  <"  i""  ; 

■C  0.-7.  J  ^  bi^   &■— -^-^  C.3-2^— 


£'j5S>;S<X'0:L2-Ui>>>XX-Oc«>0   O    XOr->>XS.SZxx_;Oliiiti: 


I    O  O    I-"    C(    -^  -f-      10    vo    r-00    o  O    •-•    '^    "^  ■^  iri'O    f-oo    o>  0    — 


155 


i. 

CO 

QOOO 

M     ft 

•  o' 
.  « 

•J3 

o'  • 

':  :  ° 

3o:  =  5  — ^3  7:■-r- 


0  u  S'E 

2  5 


S-i-  =—  =  o  a 


:  -c  a  r,  r;  '-"  r;  - 


•5  b  S  i" 


^S05-a:     SZA::     c/:2<A<'°4M3HiA»2,20ft,Za.^cn!i<Wfc    S^-vi< 


00  00  CO  *2  °°  °® 


2, tC^  _ >o» 


*? 


,_0   ^O  O  oo 


o  o  o  o  o  o 


i-a  r^-^  n''°'^  wa-a-a-a-o-o^g 


n  00  tN.  a>^  o  ^o 


C<^00  ro  CO  ts.\0  vO  0*«  tN.t*.t^OtO»0  O  wo  O  OOOM  o»m  t^m-^t^ 


«  m  't  m»o   r>-co  o  < 


>  ^  »r)vo    t^CO    Ov 


■o  -^  m\o  r*co  o*  O 
_ _..___jvp'0\o»o^o»or^ 

.^^0^0»0^0'0^0'0'00'OO^O^vO'0^^0\0^0'0^*0'00'OvO^O^O^O'0^^vO'0'0^0'0 


W    fi  f  tn-O    t*»0O    ON  0 


156 


oo 

tC 

oo 


o  o 


]-^      bis 
■  s  ^'  c  p 

no     ►?  t^' 


S2£ 

"Pi" 


u  1)  r 
J-«  >  ^  „ 


.=  -S  .=  r--  V 


.  c  ^ 


>>2  =  c 


o  «  o  u  r:  1)  ^ 


•  o  i^cc  vc  r^  o  o       ■* 


)  f-  N    M     "  vo 


I 

m 

<3 

vA 
O 
X 

u 

CO 

(^ 

o 

w 
c^ 

o 
o 
»-] 


o  c 


—  uj=  r,  j=.-  '^  '^ 


fo  -       _ 


5  5" 


^    C/J  ^ 

O   3     . 


i-,        rt  «r- 


a  ^2. 


;?^ 


w" "CO 

;  o  o  o  o  o    '»„'  ooooooo-"0'-o 
j-a-OTS-o-c  °  „ -a -c  T3 -a -a -a -o 


o  o  o  o  o 


;o  o    'O  o    o 


«   rC-^   2   N  "C   g"--C-wT3T3-C   N-CC   ^"C  "U    "C 


g-o      o  o 
tJiO     Z2 


qI 


t^  t^OO  CO   O  r-*  O    tN.\0   O^  O   t^  t^  t^  tN.vo   '•l-ts.Moo  Ot^OcO  OOvl>.w  ONOO 


t^OO    O  0    <-« 


r^.  ^  in-o   ^NCO  o  O   h 


nvo   t^oo  o  0  >-" 


-      -     -      -      -COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 


157 


o  o  o 

.  00  oooo 


CO  00 

.  oooo 


;oo 


o      c 


■5  ^.-s 


W   1?  ^         Ed 


I-   0) 


23—  Z  =  —  -5  2 


x^ 


>1        O  .      l-   fTl      =      =      = 


VO       n^     On       00 


C  •   O    l- 

_■  s  ■  *^  « 

Q  >  1-  tx;j3 

.,    y  O   C   S. 

O   O  00   «  -    ro  o 


S  «  i 

Q  S  Sh 


2  °  -y  •"  - 


•    •  sJ 

^ 

:  :|> 

c    • 
o    ■ 

> 

> 

•   ~ 

= 

'■       n 

^^ 

= 

S  -^    .  ex ;:- -X_ 


"  00    Jic 


ioo      a> 


00  r^  t^ 

,00  CO 


"^  -^       00  , 


>>>  ^-  ^  >.^ 


S<^<S     Z,     ScrtZ     <20  S  t«.^2;OAS<     ^sSZOwSO 


O     ^2 


r^.  00     IS.  ■*  M  ts,  rs.  t»»>o  00  o  ©"no  tN^MOvr^    o«coooo>ts.rsMt>.cio^a«( 


S.E 


Jl!  IM 


o  y  x;-i.  = 


•S  a  <  -^  u  a; 


a.:??:SQ 


,  S  ■=  .  -J   =  -C   >N  U         = 

=  c  3  'E.'*!  ^  -* '"'— '  — 
=       5  =  =  =  «  «  ° 

D>.  >.  o---caoca 


=  4)      _ —  ii^^rira  —  — 


-■O.5.: 

C  ^-w 


^3   O 


■t«> 


■<  X  w ;-  H  r-  w  o  M : 


•  C/J 


•^     in-o    r^oo   O  0   ►< 


fO  •*■  tr,\o   t^oo   C*  0 


158 


.« 


I 

< 
O 

u 

CO 

O 

w 

o 
o 

< 

H 

u 


•<s 

0 

0 

00 

M 

m 

in 

'  5 

>o 

00 

%t 

00            ; 

oo' 

00  0000 

:  00 

00' 

;    oo' 

« 

■^ 

•-■ 

M      M       M 

.     M 

M 

M 

^ 

2°    : 

0 

rC  a-\o" 

'.     tC 

'.     Oy      '. 

On 

t^ 

N-O       . 

N    «    N 

N 

s 

£i           ■ 

^• 

w  »J    ^ 

•   J 

^ 

^ 

o 

(U                  u             u  o  u 

u 

u 

U                   U 

u.        o 

o 

OO 

1; 

0 

0 

0                  0 

:.  V          ■ " 

•  o 

•       a 

;  c« 

ja 

:£ 

2- 

•  S  o  o" 

bi)  '-^ 

^' 

^  2-- 

J3 

V  5P 

j: 

.5 

•      o 

'£ 

J= 

J= 

^ 

c5 

"^ 

c     -5 

:    u 

•c  u   : 

*-•    C 

-J  >  ca 

<jfis      c 

3 

^^  I-. 

"  2 
«  i 

o 

^  > 

c 

X. 

0 

£    l-2'l 

5  o  ^      c 

«-S  : 
S-'-^x 

.5   r 

■-1 

d^^ 

u  a 
'0  c 

■  c  i.  y,  >>  n  0 

S^  S  ^2  t:  3 

00   -fao              ■«■■«■  0   O   •«-      »0   ■< 

r-  N      mM       lo^  ir)a»o*in'<J-      ~   ro^j-c 

iH    ▼  00  00    ►-          ■*  0 

■*00  VO                 MTt-MwoO          cnt- 

CO     Jh        M'^««H^H■^^ 

t^oo  n  >- 

w  -  .no  mM  « 

■« 

^  : 

-s  t  • 

"O  ; 

8 

•    •          ;«, 

iL 

b 

)  '. 

II  : 

<8 

*->  :       '^S 

_;^ 

I 

*J   c 

~  ? 

Q 

^ 

■r  ^    •    .    '■::  £f  1 

-C    M^^    =    1-    «    S 

.5  c 

5 

u 
1 

cdi 

cs-o  1 

> 
.     1- 

i>  c    ■    ■ 

.  2--  <5t    ,   .^„ 

"2  a  5  >  3 
3-fcW,2,-C  = 

R 

fid   ?»   ■j;0-'i°§.SJ,S°i  J 
00  ,^00      _  S£'^  00  ^  00  CO  00  oc 

m          O         r^OO'OOO      'U 

6   '•  t>  '•   '■   \ 

■J  io  d.'i 

1 

00     "2      " 'iS  oo  =2 '2  M  "i 

^oo   -J-oo   T  u 

^  -* 

|>^<S'cJo?°2 

■^ 

i'^'°.l  o'" "'"' *^?^'?''? 

'   -.0  co'  °  co'  [^  -  o;  m'  ",  oc 

^  « "^  N  ^r  f^'o  ■§  ir  g- «  «  N  " 

S 

,  >,     >,    -n  >>c  Ji  ^.-s  >>-t;  >.>  >. 

■= 

SAoSOOZX^iOi.^ 

,£>   s    <s<^s^s  ' 

yiSZS- 

-.< 

00<S^-J: 

"^^ 

°0                                    rr 

?                     ^        "^ 

•tj- 

00' 

•Vt 

~      _            _               M                                    f 

loo             tjo 

00 

';;; 

vo'  o  6  6  d  d  "  6  6  6  6  6  r 

z. 6  6  6  6  6   '.  (^6  6   'c 

d  d  d    '  c 

d  c 

d  d    .  d  d  d  d 

N-CT3-C-CT30-C-CT3T3-C    c: 

•OTS-c'S'a'CS'a'a  "-u-a-OTJ 

•« 

^^ 

^ 

1                    ■       1'                            1 

'  >■         6 

^" 

'C 

O               u 

t) 

a 

Z         Q 

fe 

< 

00  fO  N  o\vo   rooo  VO  00  i-I  00  «  oc 

»o  oioo  t>vo  o  M  t^  t^  rs.vc 

0  00  t^  ro  C 

CO  On  0>00  00   t^  On  t^  h 

'^ 

MM                     M                             H             M 

M     M 

W                       M     »■ 

" 

^ 

5   •  ■ 

»1 

^ 

^^ 

1 

.-'-5  1) 

1  rt 

£ 

X 

15  I 

u: 
"""; 

S.5 

3    = 

XX 

I. 

2. 
c 
C 

Q 

d 

,0'- 

■s 

> 

^ 

'^ 

s 

5  ■^'  • 

'  N  X  T3  =  -* 

3  be  «  ^  .S 

CIS 

"'Si 

«  > 

1 

X 

b 

c 

E 

-<; 

•a 
> 

''x 

s 

X 

3?   0   0   Ot^U-p^ 
O         OOO-^     '4) 

q3>S;SSz33-o-,: 

5 

00  = 

>  u  J*:  est:  O-c 
Di  ><  U  ^'  hJ  > 

fT)  ij-  invo   r^oo  O'  0   '-'   N  ro  ^  ij 

nvo   t^oo   a^  0    w   «    ro  ■<*■  m^c 

r^oo  ON  0   H 

N   r. 

1  •*  in^o    t^oo   0  0 

4 

in  in  '^  i/i  lo  iri  in-o  vo  vo  ^  ^  \c 

\Ovo^vo   l^t^t^t^c^r^r 

s  t^  t^  t^oo  a 

00  oc 

00  CO  CO  00  CO  CO  0 

"^  ^  IIT  ^  r 

-^ 

^  H 

^  I^ 

^  I^ 

""  ^^ 

^     H 

^  r^  r 

^     H 

^' 

-  r^  ^ 

^  r^  r 

^  ^f 

~' 

^  t^  t^  ^ 

^  r^  ^ 

^  r^  r 

^  t-^  r 

~c 

"  H 

"  H 

^  1^ 

159 


>3 

N  m  M  o   -1-    m 

00  VO 

0 

00 

C4 

M 

n  iri 

« 

00  0000  0000     00         .      . 

;    ;    ;  °2  '^    :    : 

:  :"  ; 

.      .  00       .       . 

.       .00 

loooo 

■1 

tCvrT  <>  <>  >o   vo       •    - 

:  :  :  ■^  :  ': 

.  .  t^  . 

■    .  tC   •    . 

:  '.i 

•  rC  f' 

W 

o  o  o  o  o     o 

u  o 

u 

o 

o 

o 

o  o 

oooco  o 

oo 

O 

O 

o 

O 

oo 

~  o  ;; 


W    CO  <N    w    M    N  ( 

M     r^    M     TfOO     N     fO   ' 


■2^. 
!:^<: 


o      '6606000.^  -d 00" o    ,000000  tC  -■  ^o.' 0000  00 
•c    S'-a t: T3 -o *« T3 73 ^  -^ts  wt3  o'O'C'O'O'Ots  f^"  ?^-a ^ -c -a 73 -o -c "C 


1— »>— >     c/3      O 


O   O) 

2Q^ 


rvO     Ov    ^s0^^s«oo^O^«.^s«ooOooO^O^*«0*«oo« 


ii  |C  tN.  r^  r^  r^  t^.  r^  r^oo  oo  cx3  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo  oo 


i6o 


in 

Pi 

O 

u 
m 

O 

w 

o 
o 

<: 


'T          t^ 

tT  CJ  OO 

0 

^ 

t^\o 

,^ 

c/) 

!oo     ■    .00    . 

00  00   : 

« 

^ 

•^ 

M      M     M      M     M 

M      M 

.   ^ 

» 

I, 

1     .oo' 

O  l/^  t^  t^  I^  ^' 

H     ^ 

■  ;  - 

•  o- 

00   o    . 

« 

■c    . 

o 

CJ 

c 

O 

o 

OOOOO                OO 

o       o                  oo 

o 

0) 
3 
c    . 

s 

:§ 

.  ^ 

*  ^ 

■  ^ 

^ 

:  V 

:  ii  o  o 

3   O          r- 

■  u 

•  u     . 

^ 

"3 
c 

c 
C 

c 
S 
« 

5 
6-6 

•O   3 

d 

73 

—      _■  c  ■-  =     •  —            «;  lu 
^      ^Bn^.^t         -5  2 

c 
o 

< 

r-'   2    - 

1        00 

VO         -OmMOOMtl               fOC 

000       oimMHinM  U-)      CT 

>£>    N    O 

*^ 

>OM       c<m«i-i«Mm>o-»- 

a 

4J 

■tL 

'■ 

a. 
b. 

c 

1  "c 

o 
s 

is 

6 

0 

> 

6  c 

7:  V 

'J5  : 

S    :  j: 

•— >  J; 

0  o-c 
•o-c  d  > 

d  d 

-c-a 

1 

■     A 

o      ^ 

d  .sl'^° 

8 

■  J> 

^o 

c 

^*'ti 

00 

00  !o  I^M^  ti  Eo  "  S)  "'      lA  £ 

1 S,  S^'ft  "  -  "2  Si  c^^  ?.c^  S^-o  o 

°«     5, 

? 

a 

'   oc 

'S^o' 

vo" 

""""S  '-m'S'^'Sot     «"? 

"'2"S<»^  j'^«"'2  "mmm 

'2    "         00 

•« 
2 

c 

'    c 

J3 

-  cf  d    .  d 

,c 

^s 

s 

ZQ§^^i.gi,0     o- 

,SsSA>^Si:.02:SZ20H^ 

sz   >5, 

c 

o 

•«■ 

c 

f  "i 

^ 

?          o     ^^              6 

^ 

«■ 

'  .  " 

'S 

.  ."  .  ."2  . " "  .  .  .<»  . 

O   lA 

o 

OOOOO     'OOOOOC 

•§ 
^ 

1 
'a. 

X. 

<- 

u 

•O    N 

< 

•a 

T3  -C   JJ'-C  -C    m-C   ro  «  -a  -a  73  oo  "O  73  "O  73  •«  "O 

^ 

~   r 

1  O  M 

oo 

OH    CNVO    «    O    OOOVOVO    0 

ON  ro  i^vo  m  M  o  o  ro  M   «  t^co  w 

00  o  r>  0  t~. 

X 

•" 

^ 

M             M             H     M     M                            ► 

M                        MM                        M     H      M                        M 

"       " 

_» 



•^ 

1 

^ 

<u 

^ 

1 

c 
X 

a 

:  ■.'^ 

-a 

1 

u 
u 

Ot  3    0 

0  rt'i^ 
^  b£- 

^ 

'a 

5  £ 

X    1- 

3   i 

'5  1 

i 
< 

< 

0   1- 

c  c 

<1 

1- 

1~ 
.a 
1 

£ 

r 

;X 
CUV 

:j  3  r.  t:  [;[]  ^'  u  u. 

.S  5  1)  1)  i;-^  j=.c 
""S"S^  -  =  o  o 

■^>2,X 

— r- 

-Q  a  i,  ^'s.  x  £  1  ~ — ^'7 

t^c^oKl^dc;iSxQS3.<:< 

<<<<< 

n 

)-  invo  t^oo  ov  0  M  N  m  '*•  "~'^  t^oo 

^ 

\ " 

'"^ 

"i! 

"5 

"S 

'2'5 

"m  '? 

" 

^ 

oo  oc 

oc 

^ 

^ 

^ 

'm 

^^ 

i6i 


•^' 

K 

00 
IT 

« 

00  t 

c« 

VO 

I^VO 

1 

00  00 

•  0000      "00 

.  00  00 

•^ 

•mm        ,     m 

M 

M    i-« 

o' 

tC  tC 

'  cC  tC  '  tC 

(> 

00'  S- 

w 

N    « 

.    «    «      .    CT 

«    N 

* 

^  4J      • 

^ 

*J  ♦-» 

G 

u                                                                  u  u 

'00      "  tj 

u           u  u 

O                                                          OO 

00        0 

0      00 

a;   : 

a 

O 

3 

S 

- 

U 

c 

> 

"^ 

> 

u 

> 

0 
V 

-c 
'c 

X 
^ 

Jl 
•S.; 

c 

1 

4) 

3 

s 

>   4J 
<   > 

^  C 

> 

4^ 

3             <„• 

5 

V       — 
3        c 
3         U 
u        > 

0 
5 

0 

<U 

c 

0       '.    - 

ill 

X  <"x 

"  "^  —       '^  ^  "^i^      00  '"   M  '^  iSl     ""■  '^             ^^  t^ 

S  ^^     1^ 

x^             lo^"""  0  "  0 

M  to       o  O'O  m       m"  0  00  o      °o  o^           ?  " 

00  t^oo  in  n  «   J 

irno   n-       -o- 

^ 

-«-VO     «     M     -     IN     « 

'i.  - 

.^  o  o 

CTj'C'^ 

S 

j<r 

1 

i 

■ju 

4 

-§.2 

c 

a. 

> 

is 

0. 

c 

.si 

,5  c 

< 

"5  S 
< 

o 
o 

%66  > 

C   "^        3 
a           «J 

c-c-c  > 

c 

^ 
^ 

d  = 

___ 

.3   •  :  c 

gc  -.r 

lie 

c 

d 

, «  ^vo"  K  ^"2  "S,  - 

*- 

i^loO  ^00  OOOO  00  OO    -"    "",00  00  00  00  00  OO  00  OO    M            -co'S'S"        c»°° 

M 

^oo  00  toco's  "a>OT 
"  -  «  "    .  0  -  _ 

•5 

1 

>' 

c 

d 

J, 

\. 

00 

^ 

00 

.in 

■*• 

"66666 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 c 

6  .1  d  d  d  d  c 

c 

do«ocooo 

5 

oo-a'a'CUT3'n'w"3'cu'0'0'CC'0'^'CO'OT3'D'0  ^'"^ '^•cco'O'CCj-'U'U'D'O'a 

■'a 

n 

u 

•^ 

c 

^ 
0 

« 

a 

U. 

S 

^5i 

OOC^t^n   ^   M\0   t^  moo  00   0«»-'0000C0tNPO0«Ov  t>.^  oo  r^  w   o^o  OO   0  o  o^  »*  t^  t^oo  »■ 

■^ 

»MM                       -                       «««                                          WMM 

•^ 

' 

^ 

1 

1 
1 

C 

•  C 

c  f 

5  5 

;  C 

"ii 

^ 
t 

•  c 

11 

X 

i 

1 

u 

& 
1 

c 

b 

c 
J  i. 

; 

j 

•1 

t: 
u 

is 

:'E 
)  : 

-  1 

c 

■%1. 
t'C  't 

■s 

I 

1 

r 

u 

■>=  •  ^ 

bXl.li  b   •  £ 
iJ  -  s  S  c 

Ji  S  X  =  : 
11  —  -^  3  : 

I 

1 

K 

-  i 

-ii  : 
ill] 

sQiiXXl^^'^J^Zasa: 

a  O  -  N  m  ■«•  "i 

:5 

5i- 

0  *  ■£!■; 

:  2:3X3.^ 

•*■  »n»o   I^CO   o  0    »^   «    fn  **  »'l^   «^0C 

>   r^co  0-  0   - 

.^» 

^0'^^o»fi'£i^o  r^r^i^«^r^t^i^t^r^r^ooooooooooa 

00  00  00  op   <>  0  c 

*  c 

^c^oa*c^o>o□  0 

^ 

" 

la 

1  00  a 

)  o< 

3  01 

5  O 

•" 

- 

'" 

Joe 

" 

5  0< 

'  -  ' 

" 

"  -  -  - 

?« 

00  0( 

oc  00    C7^  C 

l62 


•ti 

s 

<» 

.  M 

* 

•«5 

«t 

*  *s 

<.•) 

o 

O 

00  m «« 
tn  wi  >j> 
oo  00  flo 


.  ^5  u^  in  m  m  in 

;  00  CO  00  00  00  00 


"<  >> 


1)   c 

2?,2>ig 


So-'  - 


IPI^I|I|S^^*SI«3I'^I^JIJ 


00  inio  o  m^  00  ^vo  o  O 


1^  00   - 


)  S  o  c 

:  K^  - 

5VO    O 


c  t.^ 


^^o  «  fo  m  ► 


>  "S 


°  M  ■" 

tl.  u.^ 
irjoo  m 


C/3 

P^ 
<J 

o 
u 

en 
O 

o 
o 

< 


C/3 


I  >ic3  <u  u 


^00    M    NT3  J-    M 


3  cooo  M^^in  NminrnjJ"  m^  ;>:  in  in  ^  O  ^ 
-inMiD'nin  inoooo  in^  ^^  O  oo  «*  ^y,  oo  oo  m'  m^ 
'00    ,000000      oo  H  mooM;^  in  M^^S  "  ""  oo'^c 

'    ,  O      '  oo'  •*_'_■-""  on    _'  . 


tc  g^  a;-T3  2  "  *  o  2^  m'  ^- N  >o  E:r "  S~<s  o, "  fj^'S  ■?' 


[iO 


OOO    w   t^0^t*»«vO    NVO   OO   rOM    b«.w   O    0*000  t^O   c^N   OO    fOt^M    000   t^vO    tN    rooo   O   t^ 


o 
s 


„■  ^  °  .2 


«<K^:S^2;,-   . 


S!'o  j=;S 


_'_'  B^l>tu_'       f*O0    cD-   V — 


c'  =  -^  sTtd  !"  <"  ^  "^  -^  2  3  o  c  i-  S  S 

j5uuiuo'Mn«J55«w     'Sea 

.  Ci.  O  w  W  Qi  33  a:  cc  u  o  ^J  — ^  H  >  ^  «!j 


5t 


iiQ  c 


-  =  =  ■=- 


o  o 
o  o 

OO 


o     o     oooooo 


nvo  r^co  o  o  ^  fi  m  ■«)-  inio  t^oo 


nvo   r^    OD     o  O 


163 


VO  CO  O*  O  v©  0\ 
10  10  *n\o  CO  10 
CO  00  00  00  M  00 


o  u  u  o  o  o 

oooo;z;o 


00    -^SO  00 

10  m  »o  m 

00  00  40  00 


o  01 

335 


o  o 


_■   ^   ^  ^  K^ 


ax  rt  o  o  75  ^  ; 


So 


_  _S 


=0  * 


o 

—   U  —  'Z 

-»r  H  00  w 


■2Q   o 


to      in  "^ 


&3        = 

0;:=    -.5 
.—  i>  o  "   • 


4)   c   O 
C8    O 


"   ri  CS  O  O   6XJ 


<0i 


X    ^■ 


,5^is^  ^SK^fc^ 


^fc 


M  00         CO  00  00 


oo°2<2oo       00  "So 


■  t^oo  •-•  O 


M   ro^O   ^  00   -*    •  00   ."^i 
00  00  00  2f*oo  00'*^ 


'_^ci"  «         fn"«r^       rj^:^  ^."S  .^«  " 


rCT3 


1  d  d  6  d  o  o  0*  d  6  P>  d  o  d  00  o  6  o  6  d  0*   .  d  d  d  d  d  t  d  d  d 

♦■a ■o'O'O'ca'a'aTS  — "aTSTJ  wcTS'ca'a'a^g'a'a'O'a'aoo'co'O 


t^t^O  M  f^cnM  o  c^N^o  otoo  o 00  o >o  o 00  m  c^oo  o  h  t^ m m  r^oo  m  r<« m 00  o>eo  r^oo  o 


fe; 

^J 

:i. 

;<! 

-^ 

< 

S  ~  u  «  S 
j  ^>  I-  i- 
-^o  vu  .  _  ^  ^ 


J  t*  u  .  .2 


-St] 


01  d 


.  =  £  =  S 
I  ",?  «-5  «-^  .-5  =s  =  ° 


«  c  c  ='  c  S  S  ,^  c  c  uT 
.OOScdc«a\rt»drtc<0 


■  iTio   r-*Qo  o^  O 


!«■  iTivo  r^oo  o»  0  "^  w  *^  ■*  »A\o  t*»oo  o»  o   •-  w  f,  ^  iO 
,,.,,     ,     ,      .     .     ,     ,     .     ,     ,-.      .      .      ,  xTi  m  in  m  m  io*C  ^o^0^0^0^0^0'0^0'0    r^tN,rN.iN.t-s,tN. 


1 64 


VO  '^OO 


OO 

6' 

€ 

o 

t^ 

tc 

9  t^ 

00  CO 
m'oo' 

OO    o 


cfl     H^" 


,     .  ^   O 

3      .    O- 
3  ^    t^ 


t.    O  ° 


^•^^ 


•-  U--  1  >  s  -^  a':; 


O  H 


&£ 


•^  o  o  c  u  o 

O     C)     *^     M 
■^VO    w    M  CO  vO 


0) 

3 

>i 

*<  ^  > 


CO 

< 

O 

u 

Cm 
O 

w 

O 
O 
1-1 
< 

< 


x;?;    ^' 


iisv; 


a        •  ^  ^^  ">     IT.  - 


•C^Ett  =  u^  g  S-2^  =  o  o  e  o  rt  S-r  ^7  =f^  c-r    = 


•"•CO  00*^ 


o-^r  ^-^^ 


1    •    N    t^vO 

•  00  00  00      w^     . 


00      Jf>0O  00  00  CO  00  , 


r^oo  00  00 


aocjj5oCcso.o 
<;ooSZ.^S<Z 


So<   oot:2;o2,S,^^;2:S  w  o2;^zq<jox2;z 


00    lO                       00  CO  OO  ,00 

.."„..." ""..Ov.'^. 

)0~,oo04;ooooooo    -,oo"o-° 

3  TS   N   t^'O  "O  "O   N  "O  •O  "O  'O  'O  T3  "O   '^^  "O  'O  —  13   ^  "^ 


6666666666 


Is 


01  v-i  ca         CQ 


00  o  o  o  »o  w  fn\o  « 


I  t*.  O    O    w  OO 


0«fot^r**r^NOO    o    tv«coooociOxt>.r>.t^ 


5  rt  o ' 


g  5  N  1-    ,   ,d^ffi 


"S'^^^'tits'*^ 


Q"- 


3  c!.i:ti'*j:>7"i?^ 


^^ 


bdtiJ^: 


\0   ^N.oo  O  O 


«=  E.S   O  O   OC   3 
■^  —  .— ;  ^  J=  ^   d  ^ 


l/3'-^>.5  O^'tj^  O 


-?.^=► 


^s-r  ^?:^£ 


-  Cc/; 
g  D  «J 

o  o    -< 


w  m  '^  »nvo  r^oo  a«  ( 


t>^  tN.  t^  r^oo  oooooooooooocooooo  _. _   __ 


i65 


.  CO  oo 


00  oo 
oo'  £ 

"S 

oo 


o  o 


CO  00 


oo 


A»  cr; 


ro  M   CO  -^  w  »0   w 


I'^l^fS"! 


mi; "' 


b  c  o  -  c  a 


o  *  S-a  =?  o  d  u  o  o-      g* 


00  «  00 


;00,   oo    »o 
f""    00    oo 


'    .;  O  N  ,^'  O 


S.^    >>wn  >■ 


^StJ^SSZSQZ^^   <w    O    ZOZASS    S    ^Z  S  fc.    (^:s    so<z 


oz 


\0    t^CtOO    «00    «    M    000    «*0    O    t^-^M    O»t^O»»-«00    t^  OvOO    fO  tv  r*      t-v      t^    O*  moo    O  00 


<-••§ 


Q-a 


o    .<^-^-A; 


_ « —  ,^  ?■ 


■s? 


^  ^   .     tn   =   ^   o 

=  c  >. «  a  £  ^ 
^'5  2  i"^^ 


,^   Cfl   *- 


5  u  u  3 


—  -    •  j:  ij;::  M  « 


a.  a- as  :z;  ;s  S  < 'o  u  — 'J 'J ; 


m    ^  t/ivo  1^00  a*  0 


m  ^  *fiO  r^oo  o^  o 


CO  ♦  m»o  1^00     o»    o  ►* 


rr  •*■  iri>o  i^oo 


o    ooooooooooooooooooooooooo    o    ooooooooo 
5     5«SM«c«««NnM«S«««MPi«pic««nM«     n     n«nMnci««c« 


i66 


.00 

\o 

00 

u  u  u 

OOO 


8 

I 

< 

o 

X 
u 

(73 

O 

w 

o 
o 


o5 


?  c  o 


ONVO    ^VC  - 


J  CO  00  00     -H  CO   o 


>>>>^       >,>>>>.>,       ^-   X^   >■   >  ^    o    >''E  XU         ^-      •   >    >.  >^>.■u    >-^-^-    >J2'C 


OOOOOOOOu,'    ,OOOOOO00OO'O     ,000'00«000 


'xO 


Q    .2, 


t^    c>t>.t^aNt^t^oooot^> 


o  moo  t^N^  oo»t>.o  H  o>«oo  t^tv.  tN.oo 


-2  o  S  b 


MX- 


->— ^-5  ^?S  -^  OO 


3   3- 


03 


>'ai  6  6 


^    'O 


n  cd  V 

^  u  c  ^  o 


-Oil  >:bi^ Z-^j  J^=^-  =3  ^  ,^-:2h 


z  ai  ?  ?: -.-a  i.  i.  0 'J  u:  >  :s 


nvC    t^CO    ON  0 


CO     ^  mvO    t^CO    O  O    '-'    N    fO  -4-  u^^    t^OO    O  O    '-'    w    m  -^  > 

o     oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 


}  00  00  00  00  00 


167 


o  o      o  o 

00    02; 


2;o 


r*  I-  o 


a!  > 


£7,o 


=i  >-£^i  £  H^  o"  o"  5  S  S  i  5  S  6  d    B  .bp5  >-.tp 


'?><^ 


25  = 


O     VO  00    0-0  M 


m      tH  00 


Sid  d 


•a^-c- 


5  =  ? 
a  1-  :f 


=    -S-S 


x^owS^-»S,x<;£,2,    E    w       a,Wac-»:oo 


-  a   -^  -/J        o*^-n  — —  _ 

1- J=         ■* 


?  -^  p'^'^-c  =  ;;  w 


-OiJ— ,0    u    ^-si 


.  '^       00   N  00    m'^yo        'O  t^ 


'       00    „ 


;oo  „  0060  -  ""t; 


'  Cf.^   "   S'  S>  ?  ^  7  r^oo'  ST 


^S-'P'^  f-2 


"  -     N     «  m 


o  jJt;  "-c 


00^00 

—  o>  -:  o' 


c3rtQ.-jrto.OOOyrr:j  —  O^v       A  ^  si  clQ  a       o 


00  M 

A  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  d    ,  d  d  ,c  d  c  d  d    6 


'  ",  d  d  d  d  d  o , 

»  di-a -c  t: -^  13 -c  * 


< 


■^  o  t^co  in  r^vo  foo  o»«  o»t^o  r^  f^QO  o^  ►*  t^  o»    ov 


ov  r*  o^  ^  o»  t^  » 


x-2 


bo     ~. 


i  =  t! 

U  »  u 


3!     .  0)  C  - 

j;  I;  > 
^  3  ?■ 


"F 

:^ 

.2 

V 

•^ 

U     •  0)^ 

c 

•^ 

y 

5r«  --c^  ■• 

u 

^•a 

'ji 

^ 

"3J=    COII.^.Z"^    ~U   C 

r- 

1. 

c 

J '^ _-■=<-- 

,  ^:='<;rs'-'. "._■'-.« 

-'"?  ^  "^  U    iT  u 

c   ?■ 

-   i5=^-S5t:tS=  = 

•- j^wi  t,  bitib, 

c~  =  o:iiiicS_ 

—  i-a~=:^^4)05 

'jZx;^j_:- 

? 

Q  =  £Qai2M5ss:> 

<  U  7j  J=  3  "^  °  ci  r:  rt  rt 


\0    t*»oo    CT*  0    - 


I  *  lO^O   r*.oo    ^ 


-^  ^  invo  t*son  o*  O 


Soooocoooo 


•  iTio  r-.oo  o^  O  - 
-  .^  M  H  ».  n  C4 


i68 


"2 

vg 

<» 

^ 

■? 

m 

« 

<j 

O 

i, 

o  o 


oo 


ooo   ■*«■»»- 


U  y  O  o  O 

OOlZOlz; 


00 

tovo 
00  00 

oo'  S 

oc 


3.E     w 

ca  00       m 


■—  -  >,b. 


,?^25: 


^_  0    1^" 


li    ==-:? 


5  o    • 


x2  = 
c;5  i£43 


M    irj  M         oo 


O    fO         (N-T- 


CO 

O 

u 

CO 

o 

O 

o 
.-J 
< 

<! 
U 


=^  J 


S^'^s 


SOI 

2n  ox  g-crc 


-1  t^  O  "O  \o 
.  CX)  CO  00  00 


O    O^vo  vo    —.vo  VO  '^  CI    0  ( 


'  u^  n   =^.„'  O 


>>  ^  >  >■  >■  >.     >■  >'  >%^  ^-^  >>>■     Ji  >>>^>  -je'^  >.     >■>>>>■• 

ts     COOo!<       oo«c.oCi.°'o       gnaoS'O"*       oo«o5 


ctf  d  O  o 


vo — 


OOIOO'OOO 
•  -rr  -rr  -^  T"!  op  — 


■c-c-CTS-a'S'O-c'a  i?T3 -c  n -c -c -c "c  ots -c -c -c 


04:0000     ,0000y-,'0 

T-!     »!  TT  TT  TT  TT     r^T^  T".  T'.  T".     ^t  T". 


z   a 


fell 


vooo-oo    ■^\oot>"t^i-'mt^  CT-co  t>.  t^  o  o  r*.oo  r>.o  m^ocovooo  t^o  m  mxo  t^o  -*«  ■* 


!  <^  "■  o 


^i^ 


5:  :! 


.!jS-=bi 


_.  5  .a  5  ^  "-^  S  J- 1- 

3  —  —  =  ■-  <  ?  =  —  a-^  -^  <  <  O  -^ 
'SScaS      oo2oo5""iio 


'  -o  Std-^^  .5: 


bcfc.H 


o  5  « 


c:>,^dE^  j;- 


H  B  ^  £  ' 


i\  *j   S   _    4)      . 

;  5  o  V  s  _: 


^fcfc«13iiU^ 


5  ^ 

o  o  C  uJii 


•^  5  c  =  e  S. 


:a-x;iQC 


>  -^  »AVD     r>.  000*0  MWf*!-*  invo  r^oo  c  o 


n«o  t^oo  o»  o  '-' 


1  ^  i/^vo  t^oo  a» 

CN    n    (N     M    C4    CI 


169 


.     .^O ^o  GO     . 

'-' 

M        r       • 

•^ 

N 

N    "       • 

^ 

^  >'   ■ 

^ 

0                                        0  " 

1 

0 

02 

0 

0  fO 
:00  00 

00 
0 

00 
00 

0  00 

NO  m 
0000 

o   o 


S     O 


U--3 


£  li^- 


S 
< 


-I  *-•  ^     •  ^ 

o  jcr-i  .2  Ji 

to  '->  4-.  Vi  "      „ 


c  c 


^5      -  °  a 

H-    t   *J  T    (^    n< 


o"oo  S.'       M 


:«(/}  vo  i^  M  ■«- 


oocooo^oooooooo 

M    O    fo    ""^    Ov  o  o 


.fP^  00  ~  -o  >o 


;  00  CO  "S  CO  00  OD  00       ,00  ' 


-co 
,22 


/^^»     .     .     .     .^     .     .     .OT^   o"    .     .     .     . 

06^*^,^,0  6  d  d  "1  d  d  d  «  ^  ^  o  d  d  d 


C/3^C/3 


^o  m  w 


oAo 


■*00    Oit^W-OOOvO       -^OOOOrOONl^C 


00    t^OM    ON    t^  t^OO 


170 


00 

«  : 

M 

00  : 

00 

"2 

M 

en 

>  : 

tC 

?^ 

> 

« 

>  : 

^ 

•J3 

c  >  c 
a;  (U  , 


<!h 


5  5^  o  5-co 


)  t^  00  M  u^  r^  t^  w 


I-,  o --nS 
'J  r^  -^  -*■ 
ov  M  w  «  '<^ 


J"^ 


git 


■"I 

3  t-o: 


•-  g  o 


5=  "'S  c 


t  s 


.  o 


^0    t^  fO  fO  I 


I 

en 

< 

o 
u 

o 

W 
ID 

o 
o 


4)^'    E 


3SS 


3;-  rtu  =«  iu-^£j= 


:^S  =  &  = 


^    s 

c   >    O 

c  V  si 


g 


00COCOiJD0000CO0O00COCO< 


t-f   O'  X    P^  CO   ^   flOO   fO  _    c«^oo 

COOO^QOOO^OOOOOO^-'OOQO 


1  invo  ^  ^ 


I  0    (^  O     'CO    On    r  I 


■  Ov  O  vo      '■^O    O      '  M    2v  S^  1 


D.  o 


0-cso«oS'Oo9-oCc4oC-2oo?^0«  =  c305c«OOOiucao 


>N>  >  ■ 


t^oo 

00  00 


o  * 

OS 


5,  O  o 


OS 


O  o  O  \o   0*0   tN.  rovo  CO   tN.  t^  > 


J  CN.  M   t^oo    t^  O    O  00 


O  0\  -^oo  o  o  t^ 


=5^ 


>^, 


acKIS  j- 


^  *^'  :  -2  c-   o 
-  _'3  -  K  S  «.=  .5i   5 

J  C  U  u  u"^   =  ~  ,/•     " 
,U    „   U   U  U   J,   M     ^ 

i>^Os5I<<3oS-v- 


S  m  «  u  .-  c  >>   ' 


;£">,! 


%6 


eft    c  -^      ^<    '  r-  aj 
'5    c  M  if  =  c  g  ^ 

C/5      3'5  d^  o  3.S 

— v-Q  s  Di  X  ac  O  J 


■  irjvo  r^  00     00 


ro  ■*  tnvo  r^  00     00 


0^0-C3^C^O^     O     OspOOppppp 

C4  «  n  «  n     C4     C4 


m  ••*-  i/^vo  r^  CO 


lyi 


2    2; 


o    o   o 


S    o 


.«o  .:s^^  .^ 


2,??" 


CJ   o    a 


3  O  =  u.  £!.> 


=  >   " 


O  u^^      vo   •-•  -r  ts.  LTi  in  Oco  N        ■*  r^  cr 

CJMCO  »r)»-<MMi-M»-ir^cJO*»-'rOM 


<u  c  • 


3:-=^^x: 


="5 
X  J. 


_0    r- 


"^  tf5  Ji  *;: 


o  - 


:kW 


S  S  fe  g  rt-^  8  g  =  S^  =-5^  =  ^  S~  £  i  £  5^  £  S  5  «  g'^'^  S 


I    00      „      M       M       „    C 


>■  >-H 
III 


rt  o  o 


iT3-o-a  r-a-o 


2;    q: 


fe   wti.   <: 


M  o*  o»  o  o»  t^^  ►*  otxN  COM  fn«  r^  r^oo  oo  h*0  t^Moo  mt^o  ■♦t^M  mco  -^mco  -^ooo 


O  o  "  e— 'u 


5  I  * 


O   E<  U 


Z:o 


£  ^  h  >  ^  ^  x  £  H  z  oiz;  Au:  2  ?  ^  < -v-:s  :s  o  .H.^ 


fn     •♦  »iivo   r^oo   O^  0 


CI  «  d 


r^.  ro  -r  -* 

CI    CI    M    ' 


m^o      r>.   CO  o»  O  '-'  C4 
««     «     c^ciciciei 


172 


■« 

0 

N 

»'«  : 

■^ 

N 

? 

A  >  : 

,; 

^J 

O'Z. 

0 

0 

•^o 


Is.  s 


OS 


:c5 


•  a> 


:  3 

:  S  6  6 
:  >T3'o 


>>? 


1^  CO        «    -^  •*  ■* 


Co  C  c'S 
1  m       "^     00  o  ■<*- ' 


q  E 


J5      •  4) 
moo  "^  CO  o  rnuD 


u  > 

'i< 

|oS 

I  5  ojc, 

CO    l/^^ 


fc 

.r.^  ^ 


— '   C  tn   SJ" 


=;,"j^ 


■S>.    a; 


I 

CO 

< 

O 

u 

o 

w 
:d 
o 
o 

<i 

H 

<: 
u 


:X      :  :  :ffi 


a„-^' 


MVOpifO'a-'Oo'i-Noo    'O  5"^  \o  m   *  OS  M      ,9    •  „•    •  co 


,S",g  so  so  so  00  S^ 


c«Q    c«2^(55Z-^^Si.SS^^S^<<i:.^i^QO    ^;0^0S00S>H.S<c^z 


o-ca 


)  r^oo  r^  w  CO  ■* 


O    rvi^mt^fOMSOso    iH    t^so   ovo    roso  so  so 


(u'—'lj)- 


_       etc 
u  o  3  T3 


E  u 


ci<t!!  3;=  t;H 


"  *'  s  5 
=  E«« 


E  =<" 


in 


-*ssL  oa;a)0<u=S(u3o30,2 

i^?<ffla2QaCiHEj(iicnE-iccS 


ro  ■*  m  vo     r^oo  o>  O  m  n  ro  tj-  ui^o  i^oo  on  ( 


■)  -^  mvo  t>*co  0\  O 

CO  00  00  00  CO      "     ~ 
N    «    «    CN    « 


173 


OS 


o    < 


es.h:  c 
>^< 

3    O     I/!    „ 

O  covo  c 


o  i: 
E  « 


''I 


Q  £  o 
"OX 


&    -b 


ss 


■SO     Uj=t^lQ     C5<sO 


M    «  00     M    w     M 


«    rooo  VO  VO 


■J 


«    v^.'x.  v^ji  a  V  ^  ii  %  ^  :«!— ;  ;      ■§ 

°^j=^^j=  2  -J  h:j:  5-Oj=  2—  5-^  o-=  =  j:  5^  2 ^  (u^  nj 


,  rt  rtii  c-^.2 
'    u  c  ■  ■ 

■3-5 


;  «  u  o 


Ooovocooo       Mmm       oooo^Om       m  «3  S  ot  oo  ^  ^  00  < 

H  00     H     M 


jOONO^^OOVOOOVDCOOO      ^00  00  ( 


fcy} 


■-  o  d  o 

^OS2 


"  1)  oj  u  11— i^i;  1)  3 

O  C/3  ►->(Z1  CO  S  Z  CD  1— , 


^  ^  "- 


cnP 


.^  d  d  N    r  d  d  d    '  d  d  d  d  d ,  •  M  d  d  d  o  o  d  o  o  o  o 

^  "a  73  ^   « "O  T3  "O   S^  T3  T3  73  -a  ^     ^73  ■O'CC'CCt;'"'^'" 


^6 


0    000t^0tN.wc»vO0*O»wi^rjM\O0i-'0I^0H00t^rO  txOO   •*^vO    t^N    tN.O000OVO   t^" 


3  O 


IS 


00000000 


nvo  r^oo  c»  O 


fo  ■*  invo  i^ 


t  f^  fO  <^  f*^  f 


C1«CtCIC4C4CI<NnC4MC4CiC4C4C1 


174 


;8  « 


N 

'^  : 

M 

oi    ■ 

00 

n 

> 

4J  • 

>>^- 

^ 

4J    • 

^ 

>> 

o   ■z 


So 


•^  o 

00  00 


•CT3  73    ■  ' 

oor-VVo'd" 


;     ^   I'lOor-VVooT.' 

5^' lis 


;^s' 


•W^ 


!>..i:.b 

>  m  M 

tS   D   (U 


!^t:='-s 


•  ^  tn  w  tf)  '^  *l^ 


bn  p 


S  o  "  o 


■5    [=^ 


1-1 
o 

(J 

m 
O 

w 

o 
o 

< 


S  Kn'S  vS  "O  S  iS  ^  ^S  S        ^  "  ^^  ^^  S"!SS^^*°^  ^>0  VO  >0  >0  vo  ^    M    '>>0    M  S 


ao  o  5 


!>  <3  >  >'  'C  >>  >■  >i    •  J3   >>-!i  "  ^"  'u 


^'C     •  t^  ^jD  'u       X3  —•  O  "*•  d  ^  ^  ^  ^  t*  X  >  >  *C  ^  ^  ^  _•  XI   ^1^  ^ 

!«aS°-=^«jO.      ajCi,ODa3S«ool3ooQ.e4o!riC-3c!0.rt 


o  O. «  (U 
0<SCi. 


'OOOOOOOOOo'OOOOOOO'OO'OOOO 
^  TD'C 'O  13  T3  13 'O  73 'O   mT3  T3  "O 'D  73  "C  "U  ^'U 'O   n  73  73  73 'O 


^      Q      ^6l. 


'«J-  tN.  «    O   l^^O 


O     ^   M     t^   M     O     ^O 


tN.  o  rn  tx  N 


)  00  CO    t^  tN.  t^  -(fvo    M  CO    O 


fti:S.£J=- 


.'Jog. 
2  ut;  ? 


50 


o 


c  S  ^  ^  o^ 


■« 

S:^ 


«  6  c  i:  9--C  Jo  °  J= 


» 


,'y;  -c .—  ?r  :=  O 
—    ,  3  >  >  >    - 

"  c  s  "C  -c  TJ  • - 
u^  —  C  C  C  u- 

°!ru  B  o!  s  rt 


,  «H 


^^  i;  1-  u  -; 

'D  u  a>  E 

■5;  be  ti  bi:  B 

O  O  _B  rt  -c 


r  o  73    - !.'  "5  .i£  V,  I 


a) 
*;  — 1— 1 

B   B   B 

I    ^   - 
,c  c 

U   <U   (U 


1  ■*  »ri\0   t^c 


O   O     M     CJ 

W    N    W    W 


)  -^   u-,vO    t^O 
N    N    P*    «    ( 


'O  •*■  U-1 
«    CJ    « 


175 


O    12; 


u 


:j3     t! 


^■o'^  t;!  "  *^      ■;;! 


3  o- s  s-s  £|  d  3  e|  s  s||  o  s|  d d>»:   S;^.tJ  s  o^  d  £  d 


O^CO    COVO    W         ^0 


■Ojs      • 

J=  _• 

ci:   • 

o  h;   : 

>.>-£ 

&^     -^'^S  s 

HH      5hHH 

KM         «   m   K  to 

^^■cols^is 

M   N       <o 

M      M     fA 

.--9  mtj 


"  V  en 


o  o  5  o  «  s;  5'?  o  S-c  s  0—-S  ^  V.T3  buB 


•S-alS  "-o^ 


S^S.5S2 


S-A    OfcSH 


M       >o -o  J*  >o  >o  ^  ^  ^  "S  ( 


«  ^O  KO  >o  g  Jfi-o 
oo  GO  CO  en  "^  ^^  00 
„    „   «   M    "  00    „ 


V£3\0^^     j^VOVQVQV 


■  tC  in  o-  m'  o'  '^^  oi  o'  rC  0 


O  rt 


-  rt  o 


V)  !—,<  I<5  r^  W  t«  CO 


Zc/3> 


Iq 


wO 


00  f  « 

i  6  6  6  6  6  6  6  ",6  6  6  ^66666  6  6  6  6  6  6  ^^  °  o  d  d  6666 

3 -Q 'O  "O  13  "n  "C  T3  00 'O  "O 'C   c< 'C  T3  "O  "CO  "O  "O  "O  "O  tJ  "O  « 'C^  "^ 'O  "C  "O  "O  "O 


t^  «  Ovoo  00  H  fO  ln^O  ^0  O  O   rOt^Oic^t^»o  0»0  O»oo  a*  M   0^  P^  moo   ro  N   M   tv  O   O  moo  u^  O 


d 


WiS 


S  u'Ed  o 


U  1>  o 


^  OiJ  cJo  c/^  >  CC  ffi  X  X  ffi  X  U  Q  i.  tx.  i:  2:  X  X  ^tij  ^  J  Qi  c^  c^ 


r^  hN  r^  t-^oo  00  00  c 
m  ro  f*^  f^  f*^  f^  f^ 
CI  M  C4  «  et  C4  n 


CO  00  CO  00  00  00    <> 

c<t»cic4cine4c*n 


oo^oo^a-ooo^o^o  O  O  O  0  o  o  o  6 
Mnnc<nNC4C4»c4C4C4C4e4n 


176 


s 

00 

00 

•a   *-.     ^ 


:Pi>  >^S 


HH 


^  :&   ^ 


'  ■"  -  m  t;^  ju  -^ 


3:2  aj 
"■43  ?i     ■ 

/]     I     C    (1) 

>,£'>  5    . 
j;  -S  1IJ3 


co^    M   o-*    r^;S(£co   m^   t-00^  «£   ov^   ^^^   h.oo  -r"^   M   c"^ ~ 


O    "i-  On  t^CO 


CO 

<: 

o 
u 

o 

w 

o 
o 
1-1 
-< 

<! 
U 


<i  = 


o  .^  u 


~  ^  ~    M  .«   S 


Q   O   c   =<^   O   C_2   °   P^ 


:x^wk^  ^-j=!  w-u  v-Ji   -  <J>  OJ 


.5    ^ 
S  ?,  o  S=  =      «> 


Jh 


c/3    h-iZl IS S iz) I— >t^'JH Si—,    ^Q2t/}«5-'^c/32SScrtiSS>-,J 


jTrTD    N  °0  "^ 


feA  ^>^ 


\0      On  t^  t-.  ' 


TOO    M  00    O    O  00    O    tN.  000    0  00 


1  tN.C0   W   N   r*.  -^ 


> »,  p  p  , 


''-^X 


:  m2  ^'•;;i»    .S-i-Su 


:<*  ..' 


£2^ 

0)  t!  t!  P"^ 


'-  -J?M  ^^  '3 


J  6^ 


■5> 


-^^; 


o  p  rt  «  rt  >>^ 

_. g ;.Q S  uo i5  S  S  S  S    = = -^ - i  ^ 

=  2  P-2  5.H  ^y  ^  S  p  p  o  o  S  =  323  c  ^ 
;S  X  X  c3  a  Q  W  id  i  fc  X 11 11 1  IlsJ  ijj  tsj  — ^ 


c     *  e  ° 


\o  t^oo  O  0 

■^^  ■*  tt  -^  -.f 


m  »*■  iA\o  t^oo  o  0  •-«  N 


I  ro  ro  ro  ro  fO 

T^  -^  -^  -^  -^ 


177 


3« 
<  C     1    -• 

•  o  f 

•  ^'^  6 


3    _.~ 

■   o  S  °'  t^—  -  - 


s^ 


•   fli   ©  t:^.    ^  ^   ^        »~^ 


c      -^ 

c    a 


bo 


,    3 


c      <u        •  c  S  c  2 


U   4)  T 

It:  3  <f  >, 

."'  O   4)  ^  *j  "  ■" 


VO    fO         «    fO 


M 


T3  — — 

—  u  u 
>  rt  01 


bxH 


tn^ 


«■«"■ 


■S.S^g5 


00  ^  *o       .?? 


VO  *0         00  00  VO  c 


CN    ro  f*^  N    ^ 

■2 JS  S-sl-o  o-u 


t  J3       *J     w* 


[x:scJ^^c^2<:i:  o  o  c^z  A<c^s 


<c«     OA    tflZ 


Coo 


OOOOOOOOO'OOOO     O      OOM0002>0000'00000000 

30 -a T3 T3 -c -0 13 T3 -a "o  i^TS-c-o-c   -a   •a'a_T3ir-c"i3T3'a-c  !>a -a t3 t3 t3 tj -o -a 


0^  Otto  00   O   fO  a  C 


'♦•otinMOtotoo    00 


o  otoo CO  000  otm-^M  motM  ooo  r^ 


f*t  •♦  10*0  r^oo  o  o  « 


't-  lOtO    tv( 


StS-i 


1  ■<♦■  m»0   t^co   O  O    ^    N    ro  '^ 
.  r-t.  rs  rv  r^  rs.  r^co  co  oo  co  oo 


178 


< 
O 

o 

o 

W 
ID 

o 
o 

l-J 


sol 


O  (/]  w  •«  2  *5  >— ,iSi  <<  0 1^  (/]  C  (/i  w     >— ,2  c/2  2  Q  2 1/1 


I" 
2(zi 


.  *  o  o 


179 


VO 

>o 

o> 

, 

r   ■ 

M 

^ 

^ 

0 

0 

0 

" 

N 

>> 

>.  : 

>■ 

>. 

>, 

>. 

si 

rt                              o                                rt                        rt 

Cj 

S 

S                    2:                      S                S 

s    ■ 

:-Cx: 


'-CM  5 
^53 


o  -g  S  :2  _•  7 


■^=■1  , . 


CO 


1  B  ~  'C  '^-  'x  '-^  it  o  6  <u  £^  "2  ^,  J^  ,:  V  ^   H     ^tc-aiu^M    5 


•o'S    . 
Cx:    • 

■f  >^  ° 


•o  —  ^ 


t>  o  m 


0*0  —  ^ 


33 

u  u 


.•J 

'  6  W  >.-a 


u^u  5 


aJ 


HQ 


•-•  O        VO  ^  vO  ^ 


s>"vrr-S 


S"^  VO  ^  so  VO 


"O  00       CTs      -^^  -O  CO 


-^00    OVO    ■* 


i*j   lij   i4_i      =■.!_;   ■s(_i   ^_ 


VO  VO  VO  VO  VO  .?"vO  VO  .f>  VO  VO  VO 

00  00  CO  00  gc '"  


VO  >0 
00  00 


VO  „  VO  ov  o 


5  ra 


•  >■>>■>,■>;       >,"     >>    >v5JX-;     •  >>JJ      •     >"'jD>v^' 


Co 


00         00  00 


,  "C  Ti  "C  T3  "C     TJ 


Cx  cS 


O-^M-'fO     •     •wr^oOQi'iroO  t*.oo  ■-'   O  oo      t^     m  in.  o  t>.oo  mm      ci      tN-ooo-^t^Ot^. 


^  = 


<  -5 

3     B 


■T>  ,  ;;:  = 


=  0— •— J-' 


^    a 


"  o"  X  5  o 


•4*     irt   VO   r^oo  O  O 
«      «      «   N   fi   N  <n 

n    «    d  «  «  w  c« 


C   C      ,        OS 

5  ^  =  M^^  ^  c  -■ 

"^  -^  O    I-    t,-  s    »>._    C        71 

«  oj'  -  'tc-  <'—'bi.bc^  - 
•^=.E.E  =  Sc!\  'Cct!  ji 
1^^  B  rt:3  5>5  b  «  «  b£  r  1 
!XOO;jit- J  -•-OQQCD  -•- 

«  f*i  ^  vAvo  r^   00     ov  o  ►^  «     f» 

WWWMCJC*       W       «MW«       CI 


:a5 

«'.2 


S  J3  o'txtx:   .  0) 

=  — C-3    3^^ 

-  CLCci   «   U   4) 

''  o  c  —  n  s  " 


vo     rxoo  ov  o 


i8o 


CO 

< 

o 
u 

o 
w 

o 
o 

iS 

u 


s 

00 

■* 

VO 

s 

V 

00  CO 

VO 

i 

ei" 

«' 

«    ; 

i, 

a 

Ur 

>-x 

> 

> 

>>  : 

>> 

< 

d  d 

o 

■z 

o 

15 

d 

'        at     ' 

;  J3 

■6 

•J3 

X 

c  :      :5      : 

.£ 

■■^^  ■■■B 

JS  3 

«£  C 

>>- 
1:!  B 
.1:  (u 

c 

i 
c 
> 

< 

c 
o 

>,>v 

^      *    ^  -^               •*—    i>   r^    a 

C 

<u    .    ■ 

>  o  : 
S-°  : 

0)      S 

5 

< 

JZ 

O 

H 

j: 

HH'5'5fc     S 

*j=    fcH     5c-  ^ 

c< 

«   w 

■a 

■S  6  c 

9, 

to     -a     ■= 

In  oj  (U  (U  en      ~ 

££     1;!"      Utcfr- 

1)  1) 

1' 

c75 

> 

0. 

ti     -si     ■  " 

D  u  >  t.  u    •  -^ 
00  "VO  Ti-in     "■ 

3  M      u  (G  ^'  K..S  «  -■  f  w  i' '  •  I"  o 

lA  m 

r<l 

O       00        r 

IT,  -^-a  N  VO     •;:  ^  ^ 

(^       "^O   ^    o 

o 

0^ 

S     2    fi 

U-)  -«■  «     0     N           f 

■1  0  VO          ul  c 

M  m 

00 

NMMIHM              ON-^            MM           CM     lAOO 

M     W     -Vj-    M     N     « 

J3 

i2 

a! 

^ 

8 

S 

o 

D-S 

Qd 

C-'  - 

1 

'C 

.  c 

O  V 

c 

« 

< 

X 
1 

K        3 

d  o  5 

c 

d 

So 

V   V 

bibcc 

2      : 

^  d  >vr 

d 

B) 

c 

SI'S  "^ -5 

2  i;  bio  c  .  s 

3  :=  -c  •— .t:  -c  ..  u  u  -c 

.•c  ^-5  c  u 

o'c-c 

<U  c4 

t-l 

o 

o-cc 

c 

O 

1/3?      DS 

^  o  o 

-    0)   (U 

>      r  M  °  =< 

0)           0)    d  j;  j3 

OQ 

o 

o 

O    fe    a 

►^'JO 

OJ    isho 

8 

r^  Tj-  lA^O    c>  r^  <> 

00      d  4  „ 

,vd  ~^  "^  ^  .• 

.      .VO 

\0  CO  CO  "O 

\n    ■  tn       *  lO 

\0  vO  *0  VO  ^0  VO  ^ 
00  00  00  00  00  00  oo 

»o       r~vo  ^ 

SfwSvo      ^ 

If  :ll 

VO   ^^  VO        S  ^ 

■« 
^ 

«    N    S 

'^^"S 

?>?r^ 

■a 

"s-S??;?-^ 

d"'  "  "  " 

^' :-^'-§  if<s 

1 

o  o  0^ 

CO   dj 

d  d 

^    >'  >'  ^ 

i;     c  0  u 

at;  Q.     o  ^ 

Z^l^Sh,^^ 

c 

fe     ^2C 

SOwizo    oSc«SoS^<2;o 

1 

< 

^00 

00  oo 

VO 

1^ 

M  00 

w 

rjvc 

8 

?f-§-g 

0 

o 

d  d  d  d  c 

d  d  d  d  "  d  0 

d  d    '  "  c 

6  6  ^  d  c 

d  "2  "  c  o  o 

■T3 

T^-W-VCV 

•O'OTi'a   t^i:  T3  T! -C 'S   t^-CVO   nTT'O'O     .vo'TST/T) 

M 

"  « 

^ 

fO  N 

'^ 

^i. 

C-S. 

o 

o 

dtj 

o 

c  e 

3  1) 

(U    (U 

So 

12; 

d  d 
l-l>— > 

^lO  0 

ro>o 

N    O  >- 

00 

- 

t>.  O  O  fO  « 

VO   O"  N    «   O  rooo 

«00    N    r^tNOO    •-    t^-^J-t^inrOt^CJ    t^ 

—■_ 

._^ 

_._ 

'o 

^ 

^ 

:^^ 

Q 

1 

d 
"C 

3 

be  c 
3d 

x> 

c  c 
^d 

a 

Co 

c 
a 
S 

4 

0 

C 

J. 

■1 

o 
X 

> 

d 

1) 
o 

O 

0 

c 
c 
t 

tJ^  t^  tJM  M-l  iCh 

c 

d 

o 

p 
d 

'5 

> 

•c 
c 

c 

3 
O 

'"'     M 

•c  » 

'i  «J 

•o  c 

<;  (L 

>v= 

d  1) 

tn  C 

O  d 

"o 

Si 

o 
o 

d 

C 

c 

5 
< 

o 

N 
C 

c 

c 
c 

^< 
u 

1 

o 
d 

> 

V 

bj 
o 

0) 

0 
5 

T3 

o 

SI 

-o 
c  - 
OS 

2 

'-n 

■  -fiC 

>-,  u 
P^  bj 

■|| 

ObD 

■o'X 

o 

or= 

>^& 
d    O 

o 

< 

! 

«    E 
-  .s 

•  ^ 

d 

■a 
c 
d 

E 

<; 

c 
o 

c 

'J. 

_d 
"c 

3 

1— > 
d 

u 

c 
d 

1 
o 

PnlbU- 

X>^>Jh 

Ci<  >>  (^  CNi  l-l  1-1  1— 

■^  -  ■  -r^r^ 

H^HMbU^ 

'        k^ 

Ul^  iJi 

ro  ■*!/ 

1    VO 

^^o^  o 

^  0 

,_, 

N    fO  -i-  lOVO 

t^co   Ov  0   M    N   r' 

")-    lo  VO  r- 

00    Ov  O    M    N 

ro    •«■  lovo  r-. 

i>o 

VO 

\0  VO  ^  VO  VO 

VO  VO  VO  r^  r^  t^  (-S 

t^    r^     r^  t^ 

t^  t^CO  00  OO 

00    oooo  00  oo 

S^ 

«i 

n 

" 

w 

w 

C< 

e< 

Ci 

M 

c 

" 

s 

M 

M 

« 

" 

« 

" 

M 

« 

" 

" 

" 

« 

^    S 

« 

" 

« 

r^ 

r^ 

vo' 

■S^^^S   : 

.     .     .j- 

;  -■— -■   :   :  : 

am 

t  Thirty-eighth  . 

nd   

ghth  Avenue.  .. 
t  Thirty-first.  .. 

■5     ■■■5  :.="-c' 

5 

Twenty-seven 
Twenty-eight 
t  Twenty-nint 
t  Twenty-nint 
Twenty-seven 
nth 

;lia 

Twenty-first. 

1 

t  Twenty-eigh 
do. 

do. 
t  Korty-t'ourtl 
nl<lin  Avenue, 

t  Korty-sevent 

th  Avenue 

Kilty-first  ... 
nth  Avenue. . 

Twenty-seven 

t  Thirty-first, 
t  Thirty-seven 

Tenth  .     .     . . 

Twenty-eight 
t  Thirty-secon 
topher 

i'wenty-seconc 
th  Avenue.  .  . 
t  Korty-ninth. 

,3|jl-2' 

•       OJ    0)    "^    «5    O  T 

CO    .  tx  o 

m  r^  ro  N    -i    " 

O    l^    «     M     «      W 

I-.    r^\o    IH 

ro      ■       «   -J-  -   m 

N     M     ^.     ^  M 

N      "H    «    r»^  t^  M  cc 

X 

<  :  =  _.  -ij 

>-  .c  0-  —  ■£    .  c  • 


'J    .i,! 


■«->o  ^H'^'b'     S  S  ^  "  S  t"- 1^^      S  ^  *o'S  vo""  'o  >o  >o' 


t^ooSoooooo       MCOOO       >o 


S  h 


o  c 


O  rt 


O   a 


S    .f.2c5^ 


-°  «  ^ '' 


w  ii  ^  -J  >  ^-  w  ^  ^  i^  ?;  >> 


.^ 

1 

"s 

•>1 

o          >o  vo 

00      _          00  00 

",  c  6  ",  "  o' 

o 

■*  t^  M- 

vo  vo  vo 
OO  00  00 

^  «'  ^  d 

d 

d 

■  -* 

J  vo 

d 

d  f^d 

d 

vo 

d  oo'd 

o 

vo 

d 

do. 

■)o,  1864 
'do. 
do. 

29,  1864 
do. 

Hi 

vo  "c  "O  invo  •a  "c 
«            n  « 

??,??-c 

•o 

T3 -a _j. -a -c -a  "-co 

•a 

■^ 

c          d  d 
a          as 

•g«-s 

O'i 

o. 
< 

>> 

ca 

June 
Sept 

O^N  rsONw  tN.(-t  o\o^M  r«.roo^M  o^  t^oo  r^  m  o  pn^O  00     t^     o^  O  fo  o>  b»oo  o»  w 


1=i:(: 


— ' —    .  i^ 


bfl  j:  £  o    r.    c. 
(^i  :-o  o  Q   ■g 


K   t 


a 


4)'  d' 

a  a 


o 

~R   3r--c 


^1 

2    S    rt    „-  3    « 


330  S.2  d  c  c  3  «  ii 

-D(;Qi^cBoOOQti.>o: 


>>6 

-  S  «r "  .■ 

4)  >. 

ZJ  4J 


•  O  3 


Sa^ 


—  g  ca 

o 

E  S  ca 
a  :-2 
u  u  od 


M  w  fn    ■♦    i^vo  r^  00     Ov  < 
ovo»ov    Ov    o«^ov    ov    c^( 


vo     so     VOVOVOVOVO         vo         VOVOvO 


l82 


■5   ■ 

.-  > 


.!5  be  :  H   :t:  :^-.yi 

■>-l"S=£o'c=i  J  o 

0-  „ 


IOHC4M        m»-r(^in«-^w  ro  uioo        or 


1  >  r:  (U  - 

,■<  5  2 

i    >   it    V 


"    «J   O    'I 


o  j=  " 
fcCli  ■ 


°°  1)  ■ 
Si^  JS.! 


8»!^ 


o     -  vC'  m  (^  -^vo 


< 

o 

n^ 
u 

CO 
O 

w 
;^ 
o 
o 
•-1 
< 


OT 


■I  ^ 

w  i  o  c5!    X  2-  71 


a: 


:W 


:  5  -5  ^  c  c 


I?  o       cs2„ 

;   =    ^  O    it  -    >    -    ■ 


•    :»Hjd    :.-  sn.2    ;  ci  c    •    '•= 

►£>I  Q  S  E  i  H 'O  :=  a:  c^  Ed  ^Z 


a.  c-S  — 


2  f^oo  ^  ^2  00  OD  CO  <»  00  "5  CO  00  CC  CO  OO  CO    CO  J 

;  ^-  >i  ^  >  .J  d  ^  >  ^  >  ^^'  -^  d  d  ■?;'       ^ 


O<o 


►■■o  ^vo>o 


-co  00 
'  o'oo' 


'S.% 


M  M   00 

o6ooqo^Oo'c>oo°^  ,000000 


^TT'O'CO'C'a'O'CTS 


c^'C  'O  'O  T3  "C  "C 


^'C  'O  "CC  vc 


CO. 

V  a> 
1/51/3 


J3  ^ 


-«*•  M   O  t^  ►-I  ^   t^  t^oo   t^  M   o  mvo   M  VO  CO   O  00   O^VO  VO^O    000   N   o^m-*^   t^O   t^o-^o  COVO 


;»r''"^   «>   <U 


<  td 


;  e  rt 


c    Sw^    5 


'S^r 


•d  -o  -.^bj 

1)1— >t;  lu.rt  >,rt 


,  ct3^  i-> 


Cd 


tijo 


u  mJ2  s  c  > 

£S«.5-eo 


c  o  I. 

R—  U 
-C<  > 
v-  O  C4 
O  ^^ 


'  -c  6    ,>  „'■ 


^-^      Hi  Hi  ea    ^ 


=  S  42  uT  5  &  ^  "^  <  ^  -  S 


I    O)   Ch- 


ES. 


S~2S"«io25.-S 


-C0xaOO!iSxtd^2:OOi 


52  Sii2  t:ta 


^5; 


T  -j-  mvo  t^oo     o    O 


vn  \0  \0  \0  VD  VO  VD  VO  VO  VO  VO  VO  VO  VO  \0  ^  vo  vo  VO  vO  vO  VO 'O  VO  ' 


M    «    «    C4    n 


!j-  irivo    t^OO    O^  O    '-'    w    (^  M- 10 
5vovovovovovov0vov0*0v0 


1^3 


-0-55  '-> 


.—  ?^  oj  >  <* 


.    .j=    -^-v-z  i-    -cue    • 

;  -.^oi.Si.bs  :-E  =  =-■ 
'  s;  g  =  T^-^-r  ^  i,s  ^s: 


>^'HH 


Or-"    L,£    V    °    T    =    O 
4)  *'  C   U         C     ,    -  •< 


^.- 


i>>    °i»    mi»' 


t  O  00 


r;=  o  c  c-c  « 


•    •  "O  vo     *  *©        t^«^  vo     •  vo  o    •  moo     ■  t^ 

>     •    ifl^O  000^0  vO0S00900^    fO^O  *0    .,  'O 

^^«>  '-' i^oo       cojo  M  t;-Moo  1^00  CO  ^oo 


\0       ■  CO  ^ 


\0  VO  00    0*00 


X3       \S    „- 


VO  CO  ^    (sI  *o 


>  o  o  >o  o  o  o    •  >o 


;os 


c  --  ts  c  ca      C 
I— ,<  »5 1— ,2;     (/) 


<oo  o  fot^o^w  t^r^f*  '<t-oo 


j=    •-  -  a 


.-J 

Z 


.J 


00  moo  t^  t^  o  00  m  M  vo  t-voo 


•  O^  t^  M    1^  «    N 


w    OJ       u       K       «       S 


Z    o  S  .5  2  o 


-•-S'' — •— ^s-a-t^H 


3  a> 


E '«  i!  aj  !«■ 

'-  S  ?%  ^ —  _-_-_■  S  ^  - 

;  i>  c~  c  c.ii.y.il  o  rt  0) 
j>^OcQuuk<k.wa^u> 


OS 


IK 


\0     \0     VO        ^     vO^O'OvO'O^^O^O 


nc«nnc4C4     C4     c*     «     cin 


•  irjvO    rv.CO    0»  0    •-'    N    fO  f  tOvO    h-OO 

.r^r>*r^rN.  r^oo  oooocooooocoooeo 

*0     vo^^*OvCvO\0'0'00^'0^0*0^»*-*0^ 


1 84 


t^     0»  **>  O* 

00     oo  00  00 

fO    o'  O^  O 
«      „  w  « 

s  III 


4)        J= 


u      Z. 


)  m     00 


*J  J2   4J    ♦j  OJ 

cj  c  0)  a> 


-    u^  c 


"•g'S'S 


vc  £  "" 


3.h 


fo  t^  -^  m  f^  -^-CL  oo^  ro     ''^e^ro'^       \r,  -<t-  rn  0  t^  '^^^        t^  t^  a- 


Si 
.« 


< 

O 

u 

o 

w 

o 
o 

<: 

< 


gl5    -=00 


oS    .   .    . 

.:r-u-c-ci3«<uc-m-ac?03:::Tr3.: 


^-^    : 


'qj:s 


;,<    a    »£,<    t^? 


jx:sQ»i;j2o< 


"-     r-     ^'    C 

<u  o  o  rt 
2.1— ,^^c« 


Sj?^^^-§?^^^ 


■5  g-oi     c< 


^O^    O 


fOOO    MOO^OO^   OnWVO    O  OnoO    r«.  O  O  00    t>.00    t>.  m  t^  0^\0  00»'">H\Ots.     -^     lOboOOO 


o 


(/] 


:  o  o 


>    o 


52- Oi- 


I. -5 


S  c  =    ' "' 


4)."^ 


SJ^^ 


5  (U  0) 
•c-o 


0  u  ^ 


Q-.E 


u  S  :^^  o  o^--;-  -  =  J3 


01 


;  u  =«  t  ■:: 


r;-E  °  <" 
>.iit:-S 


_    o  ►-  N  fo  •*  »n\o  t^     00 


On  o  M  N  ro  ■*  m^  r^oo  ON  o  ».  w  f^  ■*  in^o  r^oo     On    o  ^  n  rn 

OnOOOOOOOOOO-"----'-'-'-       "       «N«N 


i85 


o-  m 

>o 

^ 

t^ 

t^  • 

M     H 

"  ^    '. 

: 

" 

0      • 

to   . 

«    N 

w  w     ^ 

>.>, 

o 

x>,  : 

c    • 

•-    • 

>. 

CB  rt                                     *-•                           rt  d 

rt 

SS 

1—1 

SS 

>— . 

< 

S 

0*0    ;  u 


"c  u 

1    u 


>   3   > 

^15 


<Uk 


'   «  .- b»  !»*■ 

■1  O    t^  (^  •'T'C 
■IVO    i-i    -    « 


.i:  c' 

J=  o 


::> 


x  ;>  >  ft<  i. 


I  rt   M  3 


=  "  °  c 

U~   1) 


^■go-gj=SJ     j:-a  "-o^  2  oC  o-g  u=  1)     j= 


-  '^  o-  5 


sis 


•CO  o  r^  P  o^  o  vo 

3  00  OO  CO  CO  CO  CO  ^  c 


t^  o    ■  oo 


.'>?»rv^-00 


^O  vo    •-  n  -  ■ 

00  00  "^  k;g 


■  t-si  0  f^  r-.  o  * 


oooooD^oooooooococooof^,  t^oo  ^  r* 

M    ,.    M  00    „    „    „    „    M    „^  „  CO  ^-00    „  00  ^     ^     ^  _    ^  ^      ^  _     _  „    ^    „ 

^  ^  u  <u  u 


■NOOOOOOOxo'O     'OOOOOO^-OOOOOOiiOOOO 


^    fc 


<  s 


e^  !>.  t^  O  c*  t^  o  ■♦vo  o\  •^  O  o*  ► 


roo«^ovoo«Mm  o»oo  a*  (^  « 


o  vo  o  m  t^  1 


5  -D-i: 

"5    -   4»   ^  trt 


«-H  „  ^" 


^  2 


3   S 


•z  3  >,e 


u  o 

U   3 


:i  rS !-  -Q  -c  =  =■  ,  ,=; 


<< 


S  i:"*  It.    -t?  ^- j> <  c  c  o;  J5_'  ,0,^^  3 


b'£S 


rt  u 


Uv5'J>*<^.2-  ■'■~>35wC 


3  in  -y'SC  0)  0)  ^  c 
3  J^  J.!  c-  "^  °  «  5 


C    -s    '->    h    ^    ^  ;i  — 


-.BO 

:'0'0 


.^  m'O  i^oo  o*    o 


«    fr>  -"I-  i/^VO    r*vOO    0>  O 


I  -^  u-jvo    t^oo   O  O 


I  ■♦  u^vO    t^OO    0^  O 


'cinn     n     ncint«cinn«c4Nnnnc«c4c«nc<cinn«cicic4e«n«nM 


1 86 


m 

oo 

0 

Nt3 

•  >> 

>> 

ri                                                                a 

s 

s 

:  :  :  :5  :  :    x^H 

.jy  in  b  >  X  u       r  D 
■5««    1    "  f  c        S)    ' 

•—  .t: .-  j2  c_  <^  'o  c  w 
V,  •Ft/i'-'Stninm'''       <nu      -m 


„  _    _    C   (U 


r  " 

^  u 


,w 


•1    -"l-  -^00 


'c  c  c  >>>  >■ 


.^ 


O 

u 

CO 

O 

W 
D 
O 
O 

<: 


!  =^  rt  2 


rt  3  E 


>Q 


;oS -5 -5^0^^0^05-500^ 


*^  f^  *^«  O  00  o  r^      o  o^o  o  r^MD  r^^ 


t^  N  i£  .^CO    I^VO  00    i^vo    (^vo 


^OOOOOOOO  COOOMC 


^  -r  O  O  vo  t^  ► 


„'  „'  O    '   '  o  .  -  . 


'  I^         fO  fO  2^  N 


0.0  _, 


(U  o  u 


£:■  r^  M       00  >H  00  M 


^  o  o      oj  o  a>  o 


o  t>.  t^  o  o 


l"^^o|||^||>>g' 


'jHf-oo?; 


)  ■*  invo   t^CO  On  o 


187 


0  73  3 

Jl-^  i>  in  »> 


O 


-=  X  «■ 


■—  X  '"■-  o-"'  --js 


J  ji  t:       >> 


£■  S 


:  o  c<  5  J!  °  ° 


^   O  55  O  rN.    •  00 


^    -^JCoo  1^00  ^00  00  00  r^;o 


hs,    •  00   M 


--il-S^-cb  2- 


r^  t^  M  CO  c 


M    »-■      -00         CO      -  M    M      - 


.■^    <>  N    ^"    N    -    "      -"«      ^  <*>    - 


o-  =  c  ■"  o  a-S  c"atlt8tj'^uo'^rt<<    t< 
yji-v^-iOZ^f/jJii— .OwOSOcflOOwS^  2 


lsJ.ll.Ofc 


C  rt  C 
cSi^  3 
I— v^l— > 


M    r^vO    O    t^t^l^t^OiO    0\t^OM    O    tx-^O  1^00 


t^^O   000   0^O      00t^"-*fOM0 


4>         .■  .   (u      '^^ 

■,j2  cS  s  Sj^  «|^ 

•-    i:    B  c  bl^j-'cj 
1)    01    o ._  ^■-  -5  -5 " 

><  s-  £-i^B >->■-'■ 

.— ,  J  ^^  ^     C/)    hC  Qu  Sm  y.  c/5  '75  G 


J  -^  u^vO    t^OO    O^  O 


oococooo     CO    00  00  00  00  CO  00  c 


i88 


"  : 

"S 

00 

^  '. 

vo' 

8 

>-  : 

>> 

>. 

< 

O 
O 

o 
w 

o 
o 

< 


S  w  c  S  >  ?  £ 

►i    ■£   "    C    D    1>^ 


C   ^   OJ 


^   "^  CO 


•,•7        3l 


>   « 


t:"^  >>"  z:'> 


-  ^ 


^t^MS^-£J-G^o-s^^id^de-?:--.-=x^5 


Ox    W  M 


H  00    M    w    N 


5^ 

o  «  S  -ci    ■  a  •      u  ir  D. 

D   C    C3   O    5   J)    -      •   p   O    U 

5^3  «  o  o  o-c     ^  - 


■"  ,«■  u 


Q 

(U     .  «  "!  1^        ^  ;;  ^  i- 

>io-6dg      £JE8o'5-ci;*g^ido-c-a«J^  = 


o-c-c-o. 


VO  ^  *:*  ^o 


.      .  00    o    O  00 
f>  t~.CO  OD  00  00 


00  00    t^" 


CO  "2    "  00    -  "^ 

.1-  oOO-^oI- 


S-^cS-Sfl  fifllli 


>'^  !».    -s:  > 


VO  CO      -00 


o      o 

o   z 


d  o.4>  O. 


V  *J  ...  ^ 

c  ace 

3  V  V  V 

—I  u^tniA 


t^  t^  o  n  o>  t^co  w  t^owco  t^w  ovOvtvt^Hioo  ovt^t^^t^tvooo  o  «  -^t^t^* 


4)   ". 

—  rt  1-  ■ 
•'Cm' 

tnXt 


g<» 

O  c'c 


>ii  o  o    . 

;    U   U    U   3 


■r  ca  ^  TT 
^  uTi-  « 
rt  "*  "  ^ 

-ceo    ,  ,   -W 
^  o  =*  t  t  t  = 

Jit— ,2   O  4)   u  « 

,  o    .   ,^Xi.a  S 
2- !>  >  w  en  w  2 


S |^i2|s|5S^Ewo  - 

;-   o.  2  « •§  :§  !r,  b'"^  2  =  «  "  4J   °   £"-==  = 


oooocoooooooooooooc 


n*o      t^   CO  o^  0  M  w 


I  ^  u?i\0    t^OO    On  < 


N    n    C4    C4    C(     C4    C4 


5  CO  00  CO  00      00 


)  00  OO  CO  00  c 


1  u"\6     VO     \0  VO  vO  NO  *0 


«    CI     M    C<     C4 


189 


"2  00' 

0 

00  r^ 

0000 

«   « 

<  SA 


^ 


■J5'-> 


1)  C   4»  I-   1.  V. 
3    I     1  vc  «  in  3 


;  ^  «  u  .t:  .t  .h  > 


3J3 


^u  c  >,o  o 


t.  c4  a 
2  5? 


>,  1  t;  I  o 


11  u  > 


^S^^ 


»0    «    M    O    t^«  < 


."O    -    f^ 


«  t»*  ■*  o  •■ 
M  c<  "♦  CO  ■<^ 


^i?;^ 


si 


^%- 


•^  S  =  §  0  E^  E'^  £■£=  «-|s  S  =  S-S-g-gsi^  ^  S  6  d  S  £^  2  o'H  = 


d*   -00  " 


O>0      .   o 

oo«'  r  oo< 


0-^00 


vo  r^>o  S^-n  ■«"  2^n 


■<  (fl  <  00  to  i—.Z  •— ,.1. 02<2»SZ2c/5 


;Si=|i|S.ig-t,-S    ll-t li- 


wO 


^00000    ,ooooj;oooO'00oO'-- 

«  "n  Ti  Ti  t:  Ti  rh-n  ti  -n  -n  ■  t:  -a  -n  ti  T*ti  -a  t3  t3  ^  "*  T« 


^  -o  -a  -o  -c  73  o-a  -o  -a  tt  b  "C  -a  ts  -o 


XI  0x1  , 

U   4>   V    ' 


o  0*0  t»»>o  ■♦  moo 


r^oo  o^Oto^ooo  o^o»t^tvw  o^ti  t%oo  «  o^  t^  o*  o*  fn 


=  :  :  :^-  :  :  :  :Ei.  :  :  :j  :  :":sw 

l^uE.Ssi>^sSggr3S   :«fe:5 


"— ■•a 

Ei; 


;C/3 

c  o 


•  — ■■»-  ° 


^^•-'  j.J=^  W'  3  t  ^  5 


^Q    5s 


.«§  :E«i.3£ 

0!tJj2-CC3- 

.^'J    O    O   O      '"J 


^     O  Ji 


CJOfeUJ-. ^ 


«::?;c3330- 

=  >Ji.:z  0)  u  u  c  = 

<xuu.3:xxji!S 


o  3. 
■a  o 
o  J. 


)    CT-  O    ' 


1  ■*  i/^vo  t^oo  O  O   ►*  «  ro  •♦  »A»o 


.  fN  rv  t^  i^co  00  00  00  00  00  CO    00 


M  «  m  ■*  ^f^o  1^00  o  < 


«  n  «  «  n  c< 


)00000000000O0000a3000OCO0000    00       00     oooooocooooooooocooo 


C<«C<NC<«NOn 


190 


o  '?^ 


?  tA)  IS  -yj 

O    N    >0  ■» 


HS 


<5 


■^    ■  ^  c_o  —  - 


■2j= 


I    :  >,S  c  J 


•035 
3  O   > 


w       »K  N  -^r  ro^  f*)  ■'J'  11  M  «  t^  moo  N-«-M«i-tmw(J-i«r 


o  ^ 


CO 

o 
u 

CO 

o 

D 

o 
o 

H 

u 


o 


0"  ■     •■  •■> 


u 


c    •  ^ 

«  u  rt  u  r  i>  es  y  j:  u  cs  u  o -o  C -5  ^ -^  ^ 


.Woo  00  i-'oo<2  S-M 'S  °° 


CO 


-  O    n'  O     '  " 


°0  J3    m  m'"5    ""    h"  "^  „'  m  '^      "^   ""^    «    hT 


'  d  6  6"'  " 


CX3 


■  O     -n 


N    "0    o-  ^  c< 


^ 


Qc55 


O  IS.  O  ON  rooo  C4000  0HO>ts.flo  rooo  \o  O 


I  M    H     M     «     O 


«  m«  OM^t^o  O  os-^oov 


0000000 


i  yt-  rnvo   t^oo  O  O   '- 


■  io»o  r-^co 


m     ■^    mvo  r^oo  o 


191 


C  ed 


3   O   OJ   U  "   JJ 


^  Y  =r  d  S  =  =  . 

>cc     <,>  =  -_;;> 

■  •-.  j:  j: 


:S- 


x-5b.=l^^=^^ 


JS^      • 

V-  i      o  -7  «  S  o 
.t.tr.Sf.h  ?*  S  C-- 


:  ^'^ 

•  1)  c 
)  J,  u 


W    «  CC    N    «    M    M    ■♦OO    N  00  00 


■*vO    fO  ■»*-  M  ^O 


ro       rn  M 


5  u  g      u 


.    M        .     -CO, 


CO    r^  t^  O    M 
^  r^  r^co  CO  t^      f 

f^  CO  OO    M    M  00      ' 


C  C  ,.  f^   ,.   rt  ,.   „,  t- 


o  u  b  -^^ 


:  CT.  N  "  ^^J^  ^'  g'  «  ""' 


o  D. «     5  5  o  Co  «o5S         «;oEoc.o    5Sr4J4j*oE5oS"E*'S"R-e. 


00    HI         00    >■  00 


_'0   ,  OOOCOu^OOO-OOO 

m"^    00   t;  -o  TT  T3  -u  N  -a  73  -o  JJ-a  t3  "O  tC  tC  tC 


iroOo*0*OM«^t^cowtnMuio»o^    f^    Ooot^Mmr^momOMOot 


3   !U 

sis' 


U  fc    5    " 


.       .■g..SH 


--     1-  •?!       S       T-         ^ 


a^S  I?  — 


O'J'^'v 


5  «    -5 

-  „-  S  ^ 

.  «  u  a._  _ 
1  a- a.  c/3  CO  CO 


-,£  «;^ 


"S  ^  5    L.i~    ^"  T-        -    " 


.—    Js .—  ^  ^^  O  c  « 


'    3   O 


•  u-i*0    r^oo   0«  O 


■♦     \ri\0       tN.    00   0»  ( 


ivO-O^O^O^O^O^D^O^OrN.      r^      N. 


O^OO^ChO'O^O^^O^O'O^      O-      0»      0»         O*      O-O*      ^      OvO\0\o^CT'0'00>0>0*0^0^0'      O*     O* 


«  «  o  n 


w  «  «  N 


192 


^•■S  :  : 

J5J3 

—  a    •  ■" 

J=   X 

enty-th 
enty-fo 
h..  .. 
enty-fil 

do. 

do. 

venue  . 

do. 

ty-first 

enue  .. 

rty-firs 

y-first. 

enue  . . 

do. 

rty-firs 

S  &c  5 

<     --t'^^ 

^'^'^^     '£■ 

^H^H 

5  ^t^j: 

<Ht<     H 

U   U    2    (U 

tiO        «   C   0)   0) 

s  0  0)  c      a> 

^^(2^o 

0 

n-o         r^  ■*  ©•a 

Z^^Zo-^ 

lo  tMo  i-^t;  - 

^  3J5  <u 


15  s:p  >j='^j=  > 

4)      .    0)    -    ^   >    IJ    V 

^^Eszifc«jss= 


1  O 
,>,3 
"  C 


i^S 


)  t^  c*   «   C4   fO  ro  ro 


C/3 

< 
o 

X 
u 

O 

w 

o 
o 

< 


3  'i-  -a  ^  =  o  u 


"<QS^-,0(/)»-vi— .gcflcOH- ,QOOQc/3     « 


o    .  „  o 

00  t^oo  <» 

►•   CO      „     M 

o  s  =*  s* 

Z>— ,Sc« 


o  ■«•   .  o       o 


00        ""^ 

1  t^^4 


O  ti-cfl     Oc^Ow     ZO 


ovOoo  o  ►-'O  r>.o  i^t^o^  O 


n"^'! 

.y 

,  utc 

III 

s 

tS  rtjjl 

(U  0  c 

^ 

QIW 

-V- 

.Sm  *'-'^     ■     •  U  rt  G     •     •     '..iW     •     •  Ji 


0)   3 

<u  S  3  d  a  S -c  *  «  i>  ■= -5  .=  1)  u  ■£ ;;: 
Zo3XQCiJ£ucrJc/jc/2QQQii^ZOO 


^Sl^j 


H.r; 


>  rt  >- 
■£■-  a 

—  J2  2C  " 

:^  M  on  £  g  j.- 


rf  a>  q 


f*>  ■*  lo    ^      t^oo  o  O  •-•  N  f  ■*  lovo  t»*oo  a^  o  •-•  w   m  -^  invo  t^   00     00 
tN.  t^  r^     t^     f^  t^  r^oo  oooooooooooocooocooooooo^oo*     O     O^O 


r^  ^  trt^D  tvco 


)  ro  rn  fO  M  ro 


193 


;00 

00     ; 

CO       • 

M  ; 

00 

•vo' 

N  ; 

■iS  : 

"o  : 

no' 

:  >. 

>%  : 

><  : 

>.  : 

4) 

ICO'-,  mo  M   "-■  -vm* 


■♦  M    ■*  w    « 


'  O  0   o 


^  s;  S  ^s^-E  gi=  o  o-  6  g  s-^  S  g  •  . 


—  d  u  S  •-  ■ 


t^oo  t^  r^  • 


r>  t^  M  °o  t^'S  CO 


2-«  "^-R" 


vO  OO      •      •      •      •  CO      •      •      ■      • 

t>.  t^    •     .     .  in  tN.    .  M     ■     . 

00  00    O    ^  -^  1^00    ^    t^  N    -. 
°2  OO  OO 

\  '^'^  6  o'  tC  ,  "^  ' 


,00  „  OO 


M        -00 


ro  * 


m 


Q-oS  r-r-5  ?■ 


c  c  ao  c  o  == 


4>w  i>  4)  3  u;:'      3  3  v^  3^  3  j<i-ii^ 


^g  g  r/3  O .— ,1— ,0  1— iZ  2 1— ,0  Cfl  O  H- , 


00  r^oo  hx 


,„'000000000    .'O   o   „'0    .'°00  OO   m' 
"«'0'0-OT3'UT3'a'CO   3,13   "  m  '^  m^  "0  T3  ^3  TJ   « 


oO    ,o>ooooooooooo 

,N-S   t- «  T3  T3 -O -O  T3  TJ  "O  TJ  "O  T3  "a 


c  c 

3  V 


r»  ■♦GO  «  -o  o>  o  o  ■♦  m  > 


o^  «  o»  t^  t^oo  M  o»r^rot^t«»N^o  0<)  «  m» 


r  c  u. 
3  cS  C  a; 
=  ■&"  '-> 

'  ^^ 


i 


^   2 


o  i>    - 

^  ,2  « 

i^M    3"^ 

?o  O  = 


->f>  --^^ 


«  e  5    u-Oa 


t,IIJ20ffl-^— 


M  ■*■  tn^O  rN.00  a*    O 


a: 
-S  O  a- H  >  ^--X -^ffl 


'jSO 


c  S 


-Sad 


,^^1^1  ^-^=.5 


P  Pt;  !;  «■= 


3  0.c« 

3jS 


Socoooooooo     o 


ft      M  fo  *  u^^o      tN.    00  o* 

O      OOOOO      O      00 
CO     fOfOfOforo     CO     rofo 


i  ^  lAVO    tN-oO   0»  O 


o     oooooooooooo 
fO    forofOfOrofOfOrorocofOO 


194 


Pi 
< 

O 
X 
U 

o 

w 
;d 

o 
o 
•J 
< 


■t:j= 


.■5    ••« 

C     I    1)  J2  -J  w     I 


c  =  ^,5!^ 


nU  xt 


1:5  c  S-= 


:-^£ 


t-^  js' 


^.?<;  S  S<  ?j S  S S<  2  ^  "  =  S  "H e-a  S.i:  g  S S 


■z 

bD 

,  J= 

c 

« 

u 

o-r; 

.'. 

TT'-C 

u 

>> 

SI 

t>, 

c 

>, 

'_ 

■a  > 

0) 

c 
1) 

> 

^ 

'5 

m 

H 

E- 

7; 

0 

V 

1) 

.-• 

1) 

•U 

bi 

"s 

°  W 

-^.S 

CO  t-^00  ^  f^^ 


t^MCoco°Oooco  r^j 
^00*2  -    "    *^    --    " 


t-*  w  r»  h-oo  , 


'  2*  *1  w"  ' "  °°'  *^  ?r  ^- 


0)   <!)   ^O   u   s*   Ci- 0   O 


tC   -o  0 

0  0  1^  ,  j; 

N   ^-C-OTS-Cj-   tj.«- 

0  0 

rt  0  0 

zo 

So:? 

O  w  00  "O  10  CO  m^ 


I  O  "<*•  O  t^  O  e 


>  mvo  ooo-wMNvooorN.* 


;:J 


j3       k.    ;:i-J 


:2  a'^^'^  2 


J  o  (u  - 


'  '^  oi    ^ 


o  o 

SIS 


1) 

C     •  cj 

„  .1  ... 


SJ5— ^ 


o.— .2:?     '"^  i^  O  OJ  4)."' 

=  S  5  «e  S^t^QJlZ  1 


6l 
So. 


Sti'^^ 


000000 


o  6' 


-  in\o   r^co      On     O 


f^lfoforoflco^fOfOro 


000000 


0000       O       00000000000000 


J95 


•■5  .  .^ 


'c  c  = 


.  c  ^  •—  IJ  •">•"•  4>  •—  •—  il"" —  :>  >  •— ^  ^  C 


^!^  --  -J-    ;,.-«.-  -;-.=    >> 


.  o  *'•;:«  '3  _  ~ 


o  o  a> 


§•5 


Ch  On  r^  m  o»  < 
.  ..  —  so   o  r^  <-•  vc  C 


*  -O    OS  f^  " 


>-      ot;  om 


E  S  S  "i^  «  2  u  =  -a-c 


£  J 


SB"  5 


j=oii  =  ^S:-=S 


Ic^i^S^oSh^      A-S^<s^^dK   A.3^£^°A°Sc^ 


■73  «  a> 


^      u- 


s- -  ^«'S  ^ '^ 


OS 


QOc, 


CO  00    «    '^  r^OO  00    f^OO    ts^OO  C30  t^        ^    w  cfi    *^  w  00  ^    t^  P^ 

-  c' 5- .  - .^ cT  .00' •:«-•§■§  .-c  s- ?> ^  ' g,^  o  ^  .  - 

^^  N  m     _^   ro  CM  m__  **!  f^  fn-=f<>fO« 

"C  >"  >  ^  ^  >'C    ■    ■    -'Z    ■  ^       ^  >>""    •  ><i.    •  **    •    • 

<2Z;oo:2;<ooA<o      o   ^sAoSS,2^oo 


2.       ° 


OCi. 


««wo»'-'«*orrot^«r«.  o»oo  O  tx  I 


I  hv  o«  M  00  r^oo  <<■>-<  o  n  C4 


<5 

_  u 


•^  ~  <g 


o  c 
ES 


C   i. 


•5^ 


i;  t;  ..  c  o-  o 

5  «  e  c  c  "u  1!  4) 

N-'        . —  O  C8  t> 

g  C...E  o  C    -  & 

=  .c  2«  «  2  2  H 


3  ce  u  *  >'  c 


V2    ?,t;    r-'4»^   5    = 


-uoS<---on: 


6t  t«  C„ 
„-  3   3   O 

*C  en  y^  C  u  b£*^  rt 
-»  (/)  1/3  H  S  «  w  ^ 


S'"**  ''-'"!••..' 


I  ■♦  »rt»0    I^CO  o* 


fO  ■*•  »n    so       1^00    O  ( 


1^00    00    cc^oooococboQoods    a>    o>o>oi(7s    os    <>o>^00000000 
men    <o    mcncnfoocornfnc*^    **>    mcoofn    m    fOfnfnrnmmrncnmcnm 


tg6 


•B 


C/3 

pi; 
< 

O 

U 

en 

Ph 

O 

w 
tD 
o 
o 

< 
u 


*j    >' 


MT3    C 
t-    I-    4J 

y::  — '  ' 


—   qj   O   )-•   a>   0^   L. 

£  &  bis  S  ii  i5 

•"  ^Ic  4-.  ♦J  j:  4-1 


'*j  j=  -a  ^  c  »j 
,,-,»,-.-.-.      S  Bi  -^       in  v  it> 

m  m  «  H  u-i  1^  -fa  JJ  o  M       M  m  M  - 
-^^  moo  Mw-*-^     LJmw       «fo« 


v  t^  -<-• 

J-  e 


^5-H-s^-  -  t:^ 

„j*-        tf5J=«*jwajcflt/i        cfl        wen 


lOoo-Ooo-U^O   ©"CO 


_  5  a.  ..5  -  CT  .  3  a 


S     ^?     - 


"C—       3v;.c       *j*j      -^      _-"t;!o 
"  o  d:!-^  b.5  J  d  S  S  d  3  o\2i  3-a- 


°°--£g"^SEl^'tS<S     J5     Q^ 


S^^ 


1^00    lOoo  CO  00    t> 


)  t^oo  t-^  r^  M  oo  CV.0O 


I'O  *©     M  "O  -O 


Oc^^<!0 


>— >■<  o  c«  tfl  <;  i^i 


0 1— ,0  ►-,0)  <  1— 12  cfl  »->H 


4)  U  O 

Qo;5 


•^  CO  rs.      *? 

'  o  d  d  o  o  o  o  d  6  o  o  6  Q-  "^  d  M 

' -n  'O'O'O'O'O'U'O'O'O'O'U   m 


SQS 


m  Oh  W   t^O   «   t^t%-^000   t>.tNCOC^M   t^O   O   t^mO   t^ONOH»AN   000   fO*0   t^  * 


-J-"? 


u      Ci  ^  " 

c'  EooW 


_       rt  c«  fl 

S  w-U   S   O   o! 
N   I.   O-CJS  — 


Jfc^S 


o  o  tf> 


H^^^ 


-CrtCO 


■^    mvo  t^o3  o»  o 


=  =  =    "    N   N 

U  1)  1>  6^^ 
J  o  o  o  a-g-g 


3      ^''3Cti'Ul)<U(U-S°°° 

_5     g  0)  g  J^  g J3 J3  c  c  mffiCCCC 
c/3    Mu^j:  u  o  o  S  2  2  <u  «  I) 


U  3  > 

PQW 


fO  ■^  m\0    t^OO    On  O    M 


•*f  ir,\0   t^OO   On  O    w   W    fO  **■  io*o    r^oo   O* 


WNMWWforofO     ro    mcorofncofn- 
fO    forocororocnmfOfOforororOfOfOcorofO     ro    fOfOfOfOcornrorocofOfororocofOfO 


197 


CO 

r« 

vs 

00 

«d- 

•i-    • 

<o' 

^ 

M 

u 

a 

3 

>.  : 

c 

>» 

S 

>-> 

s 

•gic 


a  c 
HE- 


^^ 


O-S 


"^  SI  fe^ 
■  1-.5  u 


'cut;  -c  -S  -s 
=  S  b  =  c 


£      :o  rjbxi'S.b  M 
._  w  u  li     .i:  1- .b  <  1"  .i  S^  «         rV"--"" 

w    «>«    -s  "  m  S  s;  s  s  t;;      ►^MMHt; 


mo        "  ■*  • 


«  ■*  m  ■»  iH 


m        >-i 


iS  a    a 


•2  a    «  S       -•  -  2 

=:oxiSOOaxi3«a' 

■-T3  OC'O'O  2  O  O  l3  9'' 


«  IC"S  -  ""  M  fief's  'B<S'"'"i2~"S.'s-    " 
00   ,  -00  -MOO-   ,  ,",;;^        r;." "  «• 

-  ~  -       -     -  .^  ~  ~   — _£.  J-  „   N  -  ro^a 


■-'S  ?.' 


r^a  ■*jz  "  " 


♦  o  ^-o 


M     O^MOO    fOIAt^M^^     fOOVM     tXMOO    tH    fOO     t^M     mCVM    M     ff^VO     tH  O*  t^  •*  M     M 


o  c 


6 


E=  H  iri  >^e-r 


■StSolSj:    ■•=i!S 


,c  c 
c  o  o 

O   u  £ 

..   ;^  0)  o 
(u  (u  u   —   -r  T3  t: 


-  ^  ^    <"    ii 


t/i  a-< 


r  ^     1  "fl 


■s  « 


c  = 
eg  u  V 


s.^^ 


c  c  c, 

3   3   3 


•  r Jux £- u ^a~  . 

.«>-!;  ■u-ai^  vO  "S  =  ij  3  „■ 
«  ./■  o  u  u.  ,  .j=  X  j> :?  1-   ,  . 

4)4;;r'a'C4i.-.tioi:cc:^^ 
5.  >  ?*  ii^&sTji^—  3  ?  e  "-  I- 


_  K  o  Jj=  rt 

;S    -   .  c  u  ,   . 

C  "   3-3  I.  ^ 

„-  ca  -^  rt  t:  «  u 


n     ro    ^  ^o^o  f^OO  O  Q  M 


■*     lO^O    tN.oo  0»  O 


I  ^  vovO    tN-oO  0»  O 


H£f,t^  >  u  «  t^"^  >  «  tS  X  £  S  ^  t?  >  J!  tS  a-^  ;S  g  S|  «|  5  S'^ 


4>  <u  ;j 


-•  O         NO    N 
CO  C<^  M     ■«■ 


*  o 

COM  N  M  co"*fO'<^( 


i 

o 
u 

CO 

o 

w 

o 
o 

<3 
E- 
<J 
U 


_  c 


£■3  o 


^00  00  00  ^  ™  00 


•  M    t^iX)  CO  00  00 


.  i>>oo  r^  rt 


Q.0-0  o  ==  u  == 

COW20>-,Q|— , 


£-0=     tSt^tjog-CoC-S; 


■  ^  >  te  >  t-     -t;  'C  ■;;  'C  >• 
1— >>-iZ  coZS     y3<w<Z 


000000,00000'^ 


tflO 


V    V    V    U 


Qx  M  M  ^*o  H  xo  fo  M  \o  CO  N  -^oo  00  tN.M«o  oei  co<-'  »-«  t^m  -^oo  moo  «  t^o  iot^fn^woo 


00     (=i      o   C   « 


«1   3 

.2S 


^  -cc  H^.-Z 


v  =  S6. 


«-S 


s 

«' 

u 

0 
0 

j4) 

-.— 

Cu 

,'^2:0 


;?  J.'  _'  „'  i^^  u'W 


00.^    b  e  «  rt.~  o  o  u  =  "  "  «     «  c:  3  c  o  o  aj3  c  j:  i-jt^r  i:  c  o  o  e^-o 


-  "'  =  "S  -   u  O  ;S  «;  S  S   =«  "  C  C  rt 

o§3ic2g-g^£2oo6«5 


*o  t^  00     00 


ro  '*■  ulso  r^oo  c^ 


0000     06      00    0nO*OG^OOC7'O-O0^ 

foco    fo    roforofororonmrococo 


O       OOOOOOOOmmmm 
CO    fO  cn  fo  fo  CO  ro  ro  fo  CO  ro  ro  ro 


CO  CO  CO  ro  fo 


199 


ti 


U  J2 


3   3  ^ 


■^  z'<(, :?  « 


■c  c  _•  o 


■u ■-=:  ti  0."  c  c  !2    ;,o  c  > 


^tx  —    :-ti  ti 


5-s  .;,s  Zs  7  V  =  ^g  S  i.Z,'^  ^""^  xS  i.^' ip-^  i 


0      O     ^O      MMU-lMO^-1-'-' 


o  o  iJ  1)  ^  b£ 


'W: 


'w; 


000  m  O  fo^ 


hh 


■S-S 
E'c 

"«;  S 


•  —      "^  -'  ^"  * 


^  ^'"^  rf  E  rt 
flj  L.  ^-  .™  "r^ .--: 


3  o 
o  1- 


ooooco*^       ooco         "OOco  ^00  00   "^    ►-.   M   .-.  i>00  CO 


I  mj.   M  -'  u   M  „-  "  "  m  >"  « 


'OO     'OOOOOt 


^;S 


(/)< 


OmOOOOOOWWNO    c>*o    t^OO    O»00    O    t^O    «    «    «    f*^"^    -^J-O^mMinOOO    WOO^O 


O  01 


^  2^  'i 


=  »a  E    , 


1-.  i^  .s  =  :y 


"'00 

000 


^■EE 


saw'^.u 


— '  c 
trt  — 

•^  a 


005 


be"!;      - 

2'm  w  a: 


u   X   l*  >- 

:^^0 


■-'-''■=—      V      tC': 


*'  S  rt  « 


x'5  " 


—  u^  coco 


.  c 

=  < 

is 

V  c 


r«^  '♦■  invo   r«-oo      O*     0 


I  ^  u^^O    rs,    00      0«  O 


m  -^  invo   tN.00   0»  O 


20O 


« 

00 

•CO 

00 

« 

M 

>o 

oo' 

>. 

>. 

:  >■ 

t^ 

■555  I'S 

C  C  C  ^"  ^ 


c  «• 


j3  C  ■-  C 

ti  o  c  o 


c  c  c  c  >., 

t;   U   U  0)  -u 

t^  tf!  1;;  rt'H 


ooo_. _!,_.-  -^-^ 

•< 


1)  i>  be--   >   U  .5      .  lU  1>  4)  O   B  u         »,  V  p.  ^/  k. 
WN-^r^NW-^-^-^MNOOl— 1\0  N        '        M 


^j 


t'       -' 


i.__  CO? 

.S  S  £.5  4)  S  p  • 


< 

O 

X 
u 

CO 

O 

W 
D 
O 
O 

< 


be  1)  -j;  rt 


•-  — •-  «)  "-z:  e-- 


0)  C  _ci  l~  -3  ^  ^  ^  f-  :""  ri  =  a;  :•"  -^  c3  T!  ^       _  *- 


^    -OO^    rCJ'f^    -c^ 


"  >.t^'  ^'^^  >-^  ^  ti^^-    'C 


vo    O  (^  "*  .1  ^., 
r^  r^oo  t^  If  r^ 

j;^        CO  CO    M  CO  ^00  J 

"  °  o'  di  '^oo'  „'  o' 


o  a 


CO        <^      00  f^«  '■^ 

M        00     _   „  00  °0oo 


S>X3  m-O'S  mM  r^i-a  ji.'S  r^ 

c      a     "  a-g  o.     art  o. 

1— ,      CO       UcoOt/J       COiSW 


o  -^00  wmoot^t^MN  t^oo  fo  ( 


r-oo  diot^oo     iriMMt^t^Nvo 


yS-E 


0-2 

V   il   I- 

,^  c 

3  luS 


S  S  rt 


<U    tb 


=  i  -J  a  r-'  C       ' 


«    t«    "    CS 


hM  i:  hT. 


S.E.E.ScoT.ScSS 


&h3^C 


io  o =e  c 


u      S       >>fcrt«CLlir 

-^     .— ._    O   li  ry-i  •—   nl  ;r    t-   fc-   C    >^ 


bi; 


"O    ts.00    Os  o 


■  ii-)vO    1^00    O  O 


I  uTo  vc'0\ovo'0^'0^vot>.    fN.      t*H    r*» 


-•5   2     u-C  5  «i^^  =  S.'S  o  o  rt  « 


t-s       r^    rs    r^  hs  t^co  oocooooooooooooo 


I  ro  d  ro  f>  ( 


)  ro  M  f'i  f*^  ro    ro 


rO        fO        CO     f**. 


20I 


^ 

>o 

M       • 

>.  : 

>. 

>. 

c«                           cl                                              e« 

S 

S 

s 

■5-a 
.E  « 

;Z  c  c 
-  "  5  fe 


^■s^^: 


Tj= 


.  1) 
-a  > 


v,=  :>A' 


:2; 
t;  D 


,   1)    >  ■"   1)    U    > 


it  ' 


•■£■5 
•" .?  .2 


3  3  ■ti  ^'O 

u  <u  u  S  K  i*.^ 
cn  u  (y  rt  cfi  '^•5  "5  ^  ^ 


-      .   u 

:    ;  > 


3h     :S 


i:i5; 


■*  fn 


m  fn  fo  ( 


c  or: 


t;S   6^4 


'  c  M  3  o  o  1:  d 


!/5>->0       H 


'•GO    -^  r^        N  00    ^  ^  t^oo  ^  f^  1^00  00 


vo   r^  1^  t^  ro  « 


M    00   "-■      »-      t-^00 

t^  *^         00 

-,'00        r       '    M 


C/)< 


,2    QS.AfeSfcZQ^;c^cfl     ^Z^Z^Qb.^    ^ 


^  O  00  O   (^  (^  o 


00^0 


00" 


»  ot  «  fn  o  «  ■*  ( 


in  M  moo  00  00  o  -^  t^vo 


fo  o  to  rs.00  «  N  00  t^  •<*-  tN.  M 


■CM 


5    _      1-   — M 


;  o  c-c' 
:  <u  u  o 
■0  =  ^- 


5JQ 


I — , ,-   '  a  V)     c     u. 
_  r-  ^  n  aj     «*    *J 


B  u  o  ==    •  iC  5 


he* 


-J<: 


^  „'  1)  0)  ;i  :3 


tsj=   <;    c 


.;:  c 

5.S.: 


. .  c  <;  4) 

o  c      c 
SS^«='Soo3<««"CC«3iICrt  O 


cM^ 


00     cCT'^^o^O'^o^^o*    o     coooodo6( 


»  o  ■-  w  m  ^  invc 

lfOr^r«^romr^fn      


0\  0    'H 


202 


M 

00 

00 

>o' 

>» 

V 

•B  '"5 

C'oj  B 


CO 

O 
U 

CO 

O 

W 
D 
O 
O 
hJ 
<i 

<i 


o 


<e 


t»    5  J 


'Cq 


c  ^  i  as  Xji  H  =^|  o-  o-  o-  ^S^  b.         -  J^ 
^^  °  ;?  £  S  =  :=  S|;=  gTj-a-c  J5|_=  o  o  o  g_n^. 


00  p: 


00  CO 


o  0  00  t^  ,  jj>  °  °    ,  -  2"  '  " 


I  1^  ro  1^  fO  m    .      . 

.00  t^oo  (^  r^  ^  ,_ 

t>oo  w  00  M  00  00  r^  Jl^c 


I  t^oo  t^o 

00     ' 


'°-S 


■^       -S  -^  -t!  >  u 


rtOOOOOsjC-^l 


crtZO 


;  t^  f^  i~.  j^ 

"^  00  ^  00 


^on^w-^ 


^  <Z) 


ooo  o  Mooco  oonO  o«  i^r^^^w  «  r^M  cni^mi^c^' 


,     ,5    3   m   V-   5^^     ^ 

DUO    ,>/oi-i2£   O 

«  S  rt  °  3  5^5  °  *   '^ 
X  aa  X  tii  Oivi  <  o  I  — ■- 


■<     OH 


o  a> 


"1.2  fe  J><J 

r  —  >  fer 


rt  J=  I-  T3   3  _' 

0(j  Om  1-  ^ 

^  bis  =  '^  r^ 

3  O.V  X   O  U 


^    «e^'S"=^«^o!^--—  ^o=^^.S4J.'r.- 


W     N    N    W    «    fO  (^ 

m  PO  rn  n  fO  CO  ro 
fi  m  ro  CO  ro  fn  ro 


fo  m  rn  fo  ro     ^ 
fo  f*^  p^  m  m    m 


I  ro  fo  (^  rr  po  m 


203 


;s 


00 
•  00     . 

n 

CO 

« 
>1 

j=^ 


•'■5- 


S  «  "    ^ 


^° 


C--  c 


)  1)  o 
.  >-c  ; 


'<  CO  "C 


t£  ).r  i.   =   >  U 
U    4)     1     >>"   S 


-  5 


mofO'-fn      o      ooroo 


1  o^o  0  TS  m 


—  I.  =  o 
>  cj:  SJ'T  «^ 

4)  C-^-S  Jf  O 

■:;f5  4)  i-.b  ^^ 

.   -   -i   4)  4)Q   te 


o  «i  u 


en  fo  M  t^  -^ 


■*  -^  m  ^  c*  ro 


P0\0    -^  C  VO 


Crt 


(d 


— 'tt, 


Oi  _    •      t;    .  rt  u  u    - 


^o<( 


4>    2    « 


C  "C  ;-   4)  X  -0  j;  j2   K  ;-    n 


^o<: 


■03 

=   1-   C    k.  J3   o   « 


r^    .  00     .00     ■  ">•    •  m    •     •  '''O     .  n     .     .     . 

^txt^r^       w-^t^-^f^-^-*  t^t^.,j.oo^o        ■,}• 

^00  f>oo  JP       r^co  1^00  t^  r^  CO  00   ^^co  »^  Jv  i^ 

■?MOOMr^._oo'*oo*-ooco  ►-Htfio^-oo   f^co 


S.f>- 


-   <A   <A 

A2S 


-•     .  w     .   jf  O  ^-  4J  >,    •  4>        *j'  w  0)  ^-     .     .   1> 

«CS4>^^34)3w,J'=  UU34Jrt"3 


;l3fcAcJ^os^H.^ 


0.-° 


4^*'"'S.*. 


-  o  ca  o^ 


o  O  <y 

OZQ 


r^c*  a»«^  cw  t^»^  ^*o  r^MOo 


o\f*)0*Moo  «  f^r^txc*  t^vo  vo  w  ■♦lOM  o\o\i-i 


fz. 


«  Ci  c 


B 


u^-^'C 


rt  o  i:  «  j:  .2 


3|5  3SS^-st°o 


*5  so  -c  ^ 


nso  1^00  os  o  ►- 
)  \C  >c  so  «  t^  r^ 


(*>  (^  f*)  f*^  f*>  < 


)  fn  m  f^  ro  f*^  t 


)  c*^  fi  fi  c*i  fi  f*%  m 


t^  r^  t^  t^  r^  t^  r^  t^oo  oo 


204 


00 

M 

c« 

00 
M 

*-"  e  -^  c  t* 


=  2^ 


cti_r^-^T-:'r 


5S  = 

tn  <u  C 


4)'  . 


O 

u 

o 
w 

o 
o 

.J 
< 

H 
<J 
U 


3:;SH 


a  n-C 


^'■^s-ss 


r^co  00   !?"  t^ 


t^CO  00  CO  00 


rt  g-oi  ct*  g-o  o  = 

S  cfl  S  ^S  c«  Z  ^  1— , 


•  VO   in  O    i^    .     .00  <» 
inoo   r^^   t^  r^co   t^  m  5"  Ht   t^  ini 
00         0OCOMt-i».'M0OO0'M{^ 

„'  N    t^OO 


O  S  c«  O  i->w  *5  c/5  V3 1— ,Z  ^  Z  «s  w  <  I— v>->0 1— ,t/3  iiir.<-0 


5  00    M  00        00        00  ^2 

",  "     '  ~,  o'  "  o'  "    , 


0.0 


—  V  -a 


w2 


■*00    O   -^t^O   0«    OOONO   «   t^vo   w   Ov  t^o 


o^(^«  o  o  t^o«vo\o  0^t^■*^■<^t*l 


q  t-  ?i  m' 


5  E  =2 


_J      'j: 


0)  u  ^'  —  .2 


^J 


o  o 

fH<5 


I" 


3:    J 


7-  ui   r-  '-.-i   o  J  ^  W  Cri'       ■**  ^  E   ::r  ■— 


E    r-  — 

B  E  o 


< 

CO,  ■  o 


.«^ 


<••= 
•c'^ 


';2    03 


OS 


.•5   •  «  c  2  "  ^^  > 


M    o 


i-2  a  S'S  Si  S|  E 


m  fn    fn 


1  -^  t/i^o  r^oo  O'  o 
-   -  o  o  r    - 


6       000000000 


M  CO  .^  »nvo  p^oo  a^  o 
«e-  ■»^  -*  -* 


M  «  ro  ■*  irivo  t^co  O  O 
CJ  P*  W  W  '  "" 
•^  -9-  -V  f 


n  « 


.  ■«*-  -^  "^  -v 
fo  fo  n  c*^  fo 


205 


O  O   tjc 


^^JS 


I   CO  »-'   ro  -^  w 


c^'O  "V/f"    m  o  m  h;*  o 
I  c*i  «  it  moo  tN.  I 


a>  oj  0^  0) 
n"^  00  -^  -^  M 


=  3  S  F,  ^  « 

C    C3   S   "  O   I- 


•5  OM 

£  as  a,  a  tt^/^     •  rt  O  O 


.S'a  =- 


m    •  moo     -vo  J>oo.--     •  m 
*i2  i^'S  ^'  i^'S  ^  *S  CO  J^^ 

"oOCpoO  mOOC 


r^oo  ,_  r^  , 


'^    «    ^-g    W^    \    ^    N    «    "    n    "    f^     .TJ    N    "    W    f^     .      .    "  N-g 

S0SS0<:c5^S^0S02At^S0Sd0t^c^0    ^Sc^SJOAo     QjiSc^    o 


.S-ed-'      Uq-^S.     -• 


oo'oooooooooooooooooo   ,o"So;oooooooooooOfro^ 


o     ao 
2;     <2 


2    2; 


■♦00  o»  M  tx  hn  txoo  n  In.  ^s^o  CI  Tf>  m  t^  t^oo  o^  w  oo  M  00  ^o  M  r«.oo  txfOiN.w  M  n  tHM  o\t>.m 


§^■■2  •■  •>• 


O.S-? 


:  «  ».  u  N 


;:ffJi 


I- 


TT  n  N  ~  c:  _^ 


;U3  ^-'--  'y-r- 
SJ  t.'  5 


j-'Ua 

3   Ci 


■^f-  °-c  c.F-^'5 


J3  « 


3  p.t;  _. 


=  B:u 


^     OOrt34'--Oupc«0.3 


fO  fO  fO  fO  f*!  fO  (*!  ( 


n*c  t^oo  o^  o   M  c«  ro  ♦  msD 
-    -     -     -     -    0  \o  NO-" 

jmr^cn    fo    mfnforofOfnfOfOfOfOfnfOfOM    en 


2o6 


»^  o 

00  00 


:  >.s 


O  MD    0>  -^  ro  "^  (^  ( 
ivO    m  -J-  ro  0    O  M    t 


mT3  "O       00   -*-MD  cOm 
T.-    M  O    ro  r<^  -OOO     .VO 


h-J 
o 

u 

o 
w 

o 
o 

H 

u 


«.2Q 


E-i 


S  c'  S  c 


ST^i 


i^j^'" 


«E>,Ef^£-a'£'b5S«-2    ■^"■^■- 
o  .2,  J  H  S  o  o  ^  Ao  I  :s  w  a  ?  hX.'o  a;  ii,  o  .2.^  "=  a:  &- o  0- £.^.2.0 


00  00  00  ^^ 

w    ct    M  j^c 

-     ,     ^     •  00 


^  *^  .;^  t^oo 


M     M  CO  M  CO  00  00  ^ 


i;Q.ya.».  C1.Q.Q.       -e  S,        S^    -<  ■^'  Q.*^    2^  Q.        Q.Q.C,e^^i 


D  <u  4)       "  u      r^'^r^  "/^"s!  I*       «  u  u  t4^  a;  «  «  3  i;  3 
t/3(Z173       Oc/3       RgOc«0^t«       (/}f/3C«i-,ZV3>->i— >>-,0)-i 


^  o 


1=:  w     >    ^ 


« 


O    t>.O»000   r-.t^rO«    ro  t^^O   tv  O   O  O  'O   OOO   t^-^O 


O^     tN.   O     -"fO     •<*-    1^     10    ■^^   1000      M     w 


«<)  ^O    t^  t^  I 


)  ro  fo  m  ro  I 


.  r--.  (^  r>.co  oocooooooooooococo  000000    o    ooooOOOO 


207 


■  jsji    .    .    . 


9  >:- 


t:  >,"-7«  o 


■        <"    O    ^    3    == 


u  Z? 


XV. 


>'a  t!  1-  -  >-  >  c  ^" 


•ZJS 


<U    ^-^  6  >>.2 


■<--a 


•*  m  o  o       T3    ro  ( 


OT3 

in  T^ 


73     ■ 

'■^x: 

a   ; 

U 

■xj^ 

s.^ 

T3 

a 

iab  . 

^t: 

d 

<  ■  '  : 

C! 

u 

I 

"3 

O  3 

5  S  iJ 

m       -CI' 

!^ 

u 

.  >,T 

< 

■  D. 

■  O 

:  o 


DO 

IK 


■-^^►^ 


"duo    o!4r 


■  -  "£  r^  r-  M 

„-oo   H   M     'c 


t^  WT3    «      '  , 


cc  a  c  c  a 


.  *j       4J  , ;  « 


rt  o  «  O. 


«T3  , 


tec/)     Scfl 


^VO  ^ 


Q     ►^fc 


•^  H"   N   O  0*0    '^  M  00    O   O  O  ^ 


1^  O    0»  O    0^>0    N    O"  ( 


O^  O  00    tN.  -^ 


;  >  rt  a> 


uSu, 

C   o  — 


—  -•^1'—  e"T,;=lJ 

-  ■     C  :=  .-  -^  5  rt 


«^-j  Sa<5  S 


.  4'  ^  c 


—   O   4)   «  C 


5S 


Ec^-*         _!K^^r;         /^v-*-,i-~".^i         ore 


'.•=  ■/•:"^°  c  i>'c  S  "  S  wio  o  o_^^- 

>^-  5i  nra)>,C  C—  4)—  6Cu  u-^^  r: 

o  s.j;  6  =  ii  g  55  u  «^2  =E  >-^'^  o  o  rt  o  2 


■c  c 
>  "J 


J  J  ••§ 


d- 
„-    5   O  OQ  ,.' 

ii    rt  o  o"  5J 

Q      (/;  ^  ^   c   h/) 

—     c  o  c  J=  M 
^    Decs'; 


f*^  *  u^vo  r^oo  c«  O  '-  t^  **>  *  "^^  f^tao  o*  O 


N  m  ■^  tn   ^      hvoo  o*  O  « 


2o8 


•o-c 
c  c 
o  o 


-„„      c  V  v  <"  -^  c  V  V  o  V      vCvrs>v'^vviiv    -    .  - 


u  u  r    .  ^  oj  a;  , 

o  0  «  00  ^  CO  ol5  •-'  c 


o 
u 

o 

w 
:d 
o 
o 


I-  o 


<:     J, 


^S<J 


«  J<!  bo 

t  =  ^ 

rt  rt  ?. 


H  t^    g:  "■  t^  t 


)CO  <»00 


00  00  °" 


O    Q 


r«.  t^  o»  o  Of 


M  00  t^oo  1^00  M  o 


i  tN.  m  '^  o  o 


)  '^  '(h  r*.  « 


N   m  -^  m    ^C      r^oo   O  0 
fo  M  en  CO    ro    f^  m 


^^<^rnfOm(^fOc*irn€OcnPorOfOmMromfOfnfnfnfOrorofornfOro 


209 


"S 

0 

« 

•« 

«    I 

^ 

>> 

><  : 

s 

SI 

—  —  >^_2  —  C  =1 


O 


1_    3 


:W 


§ 


S  rt  ?j=  5  =  "5  £■>  S  2i  tig  S  o  o  rt 


5=^' 


3   O 

j3  8"°  ?  9  = 


^2 


J  u  5  o  >^ 


1"  loo     ,    , 


H-  OO  g  (^00  00  00  00         OO  00  00  oo 


00  o  o*  o  o   • 


-'00  ?-oo  o^^ 


^.         „.  «■  o 

Kcio  r^'oo  f^  ^«  f^'oo  ^ 

»  00  jg-Jg  00  00  <2 

'  <^  ^r^  r>rC  J!^ 


M  ■<^oo 


« 


—  o  o  o!  o-c-S  tj  u  rt  —  a  i^     c^  — u  o-o  —  t^c  u  a  rt  a.     ^ca  c. 


E.    So, 


2^         O  CT> 
OO        00  00 


-.."" M.  ►'.00 

.lOO    -^oooooooo    ,o.rooooo-o"_  -  - 
T'c 'c  ^,  mO "O "O "CO "o "CO  ''vo  N •a ^3 'CO "O  2"'0  —  "O "O "O 


o  o  o  <^o 


<  s 


o    ;z; 


fc    s 


,\0  O    "CO  Oi  > 


^lot^N^o  o  «  O  000  tvoo  -^fnt-i  f*>m»AM  fno»o>  t«.oo  o* «  o  ^ 


r>oq  oocoocaaooccoooooo  Cr(>c^c^(y'0'<>q^q>q»506boo  Qb 


2IO 


|5^ 


^  i." 

C  c  w 

O  OJ   ^ 

x:  ^  ^ 

*j  x  in 

C  OJ  4) 

5>" 


'■J=  ^ -^'S-^ 


g  en  C-o 


o  o 


5  ■■=  t:  K'  s  '^  '^ 

>  V-  .h  J  J^  0)  c 

,^  °  x;  r-  -  >  ^5 

'■^  «J  0)  ^  w  ^  " 


X  1)  ^  ^  a^ 


D  o 


a.S  -sj  S  c  .be  - 
c  c  iS  i.^}  50 
a>  J  y3  «  o   1  ^ 

«.  u  o,  .  rt  5.<u  «__.  o.<"  o' 


'x: 

0  0 

0 
0 

>i 

■^ 

>> 

1 

*g 

C 
0) 

m 

tn 

H 

> 

^~ 

> 

•->    1-    •**■  rnvo 


CO 

Pi 
< 

O 
K 
u 

m 

o 

w 

D 

O 

o 

<: 

< 


:o 


„  „  „  u-'rt  3^  ^-2  O  -  >>L-U-c„-     •£  u     ■  E?rt  o  S 


00    "  00  00  00    'Vm  °0        00  00  00  CO 
oogoOOO  ooggoo        00000000 

"S  00'  ^  3^  ^  "  "  ^"S  "S  ??  n'  S" 


00     S  .-2,2  CO  cfl  O  O  GO     «awS</i     SO«52tL,g 


, 0000000  „'00ooooO'   ^'^  , 000    '  00000000000 


ro  1^00  00  fnt^t^-*o  o  owoo 


SI' 


C    u^ 

S  o«  c  =  " 
«s  (/I  ?*  w  *. -U 

r^oo  o^  o  M  N 


10 


—  cu  — 

-  -  c 
m  O  C 


2.2      _ 
-2 -5   •  5  S' 


■^' ,r  5  c  c  c  "^ 


W    ^-^,. 


M 


:M(d  = 


:=  4)  c'C  d  4)      S 


oc«j:oBB30cO    OdOjf-cEE^!  oc  £  (u  «  S  p  c  S. 
3:  o  o  O  W  W  O  >  tn  — ^Q  fe  3:  :=  sc  a!  o  K  M  2  2  2;  a,  OT  cZ  w 


h£.i: 


■  invo  t^co  o^  O 


■  mvo     t*-  00  o  o 


■  in\o  tvco 


211 


•  c  t;;  'S  ti 

■    O   ij  —    — 


—  •c  5 
J=  -^  ti 


c  =  ?^  =      ^  >>  =  S  ^  5  >■  >,  :,  ; 


5    ■■£^'J= 


<u  =     •'*;     •  =  o  =  >  „;  c  5  >«  S    .. 


•coo    O;^    J    _ 


<3 

*-:rSc-S_-c3_2-cCOOi-ai-g 

f^  — .  -  -  *-  -  -   J3 


III 


ESs£ 


a:w 


!d  o' 


o  d  ;: 


=  O  >  ■ 

X    oi 


00  00  CO  00  50c 


^00  Ooo   OT 


^r-lv'r--""        -=■>■£,-• 


S.2,2J2>0.::;0 


iSl 


cJ^oAS: 


4)  ta 


00  CO  00 


??; 


00  00  00  OO  °0  00  ^ 
^  M    «    N    O'  M    N 


00      ,00    „oo  CO 

"  ■«-  "I    ,  '-'  " 


Jj*-C  TST?   ^•^'O'V'W'W'V    o^^  -C  "O  T3  -C  T3    w  "O  -Q  73  "U  TS  "0  -Q  -Q    OnTS  -O  -C  -U    2^  TJ  "O 


'^          <                         AS                tH                         o             ^ 

Si 

t>.OvO   MOOOO   0»t**0»  t^OO   O   '^OO    MVO    0   O   ONtN.«   r^O    t^iOM    w   000   M   0    roiOt^O^P 

M 

>  g^  O   •-  N  fo  ■♦  u^>0  t^oo  OO  •-•   (N  m  T^\o   r^ 

)»0   r>.tN.t>.»N.r^tN.iN.i^t^t^cooooooooooooooDccioo   c^ 


212 


.  ...  J.J     W.Q     . 

•  c  m  m      <u  o j:- 


ti  4>  to  "5  tn  « -C -s;  "  "5      H  tn  to  tn 


••g      >•.' 


)  •*  CO  o 

N  m  M  f  -. 


^  tiT  u  ^  i>  :^  >     lu'-'oo.s. 

O  fO  M    CO  "*■  0''0         c<    "^        o 


:«  c  o 


;-c;S'c? 


Ui 

< 
.-J 

O 
u 

o 

W 
'^ 

o 
o 
•-1 


6i- 


a>  V 

c  2  o  g  g 


•CT3   >>^ 


E  ud    J  g 


tS>co>-oSKOT3T3CoCt.jjcJ;aO— n20  u,=  .h  —  "O  •' 


fc     ^ 


)  CO  CO  CO  00  00  5q 


3  00  00  00  00     M 

.0  rN  O  N  «^^ 


"**  ^  "-■  — 


->Oi— lOoi 


"OOOOOOOOO     'OO 

-U  13 'O  "O 'C'O  "O  "O  "C   1^T3  TJ 


fa    s    < 


o»«   roo^t^t^cOM   w   t^oo   t^oo  coco  l>*0   t^t^t*«o   foc»   O   »O00  VO   M   C^  -^OO   O  ^O   O  00  00   o   o» 


T-.  m'i  !:k   ..«  <u  ^  efi  w  (ii  tc  _-  rt  :—  -*  -#  o  ^ 


o: 


oc««>d«2i5!Scaca=rt'Soooo5o<u=53g«.2o^^oootaca, 


fO  •*  w^^  r^oo  o  O 


ooc>ONC>oo\a»oo  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o 


m  ^  irivo  r^oo  o  o 


m  "*  lovo  h-oo 


jromrororomrnrofocorororomrorommfomcot 


213 


IJ  o  U  l*  -"'        ^        *> 


>   7  «J         C 

C   >   >      ' 


3  s  0:=--' 


H  c 


w'H 


a.00  M  tj 


;=     C    O    rt 


■a; 


W 


w;^o- 


1-  c 


!<c/ji- 


rt  o  "  ^"O 


OJ^ta 


g  ' 


^  > 
0:2; 


00 

00 

6- 

m 
u 

.    .  0    . 

S  (/)  Q     1— ,00     O  S  Z 


00  '^i 


o  o 


O  ,00-OOOOONOOooOOOOOOOOOOO  'O-IOOOOOOO 


A        fc 


«    t^  ■»»■  O  n    t^  OnOO    CO^O    C?\m\O00    W    M    OO    rnON  t^OO    O  «    O    O  "H    o»  O*  t^OO    t^  ( 


— ^  rt -O 
>  u—  « 


15^ 


^  rt  c«_.2^^  c 


N       _'w- 


■IT.-,  c    • 


=  ,r'0-H?.  £?: 


■r  3  ^  .S  «j'  «' 


=  I<J^; 


5-g 


:  :oi  :«-S  :  : 

(U ,  •  ^    -En    .    . 

^ '    1)  u  <  a  ■-  "^ 

■3  —  J=  S      ,"^    u    (U 


■2v;2 


"  n!   „;  :=   _   4^  '^  <  Lu  ^ 


00 


50bJ^  JScflQt 


3_3  £5 

H »« c/}  c/;  £ 


"  4)  i  ii  "1  wJiw  — —  -=-'=  c,s£«Efc£biis2 
5eS5££2goo22=i2£.SSfe2§ 


o  o 


Mm-*  lA^O   t^oo   o»  O    '-'    N 


•  lAvO    (-^00    O*  Q    '-'    W    m  ' 


214 


X  "  -S    ■'■-■- -^  u  ti  -K  ~ 


•  _  ■-  J  .::i  <  t-  >  .- 
■  S—    .—  _  o  ?j: 


y-seventh 

do. 

Uy-eighth 
ipoint 

V.  L.I.C. 
inpoint. . . 
y-tirst.... 
^'-ninth. . . 

Mipoint. . . 
5.,  L.  I.  C. 
Itv-ninth. 
ieth 
y-tirst.. .. 

City  .... 
ity-niiith. 
Ity-ninth, 

do. 

Ity-ninth. 
Itv-ninth. 
do. 

y-third. . . 
L.  I.  City 

ieth  

Ity-ninth. 

■  M>o  r^o  o  o 


I 

•Ct 


C/3 

<l 

o 
u 

o 
w 

o 
o 

<J 

H 
<J 
U 


»i  to  fl 

«  £  01  e 


c  E 


>.  >^  -•  >  i:  ~  ;.=  i: 


o  "  =  o  c, 


i  i.EiJ 


« 

!J 

.   ro  ro 

m 

coco 

00 

>S 

r    t^ 

„- 

N 

„' 

:  „- 

« 

•   «' 

•a 

N  "*■ 

'-' 

^ 

•^ 

.      M 

;  *^ 

^ 

N' 

go,                            O 

^ 

4J 

4-1                                              *^ 

*j 

*;  0 

S 

►2,<:             o 

o 

0 

0                                              0 

0 

OQ 

m 

1 

M 

00 

i 

cn 

ro 

00 

H  *0    M   (.^  -^  C4  ^0 


ic^tN.M\o  t^t^w  oroo  t^«  «  cnovo  c^coonOoo  -^tx  o^o 


fn  fo  m  ro 


215 


j3  J3     .*  "S     '     *     •     •     "  '•     '-  ' " 

■"•^•JS ■S-      "Sc 


:  j=  t;  r,  =  P 


>  =  5  s  u  £i  =  K^  OO  o     •=■=  ^      =>-=5c."<u> 


^  £  ^  -  ^ 


IS 


00     .rp 


s    < 


O  t^  «  o  vo  -^-oo  m  (S.00  -*oco  rNit^cioo  t**0 


1 1"*  r-.  fo  o*  mvo  t^cjo  woo  onm  moo  o^^ooo 


? 


'J^ 


"=ii 


-a  0)  -^^_«- 


5  O  !::  h  ^- C-5  =  P  5  1;^-'*    >»  £i  ^ 


a  c 


!r.  5  '^.^ 


"  OT  3  n  . 


C.N 


:?;? 


I  ■*  to^O   r«.oo  i>  O 


1^^    r«»cc   ^  O 


}0O0OOOOOG0000O000OO00OO00OO0OOO0O0OO0OC 


1  00  00  00  00  00  00  CO  oc  06  06  06 


r'if'lfOfOfOfOC*)fOfOfOrO'*^rOfOfnrOfn<*lfOi^{*irnrorOfO**lfnn^roc*^rnP'lf^ 


2l6 


I 

an 

< 

o 
o 

M 

O 
O 

< 
H 
<J 
U 


5  >>     .  .  S  :  !>  ^ 

■";"  o        .   I     •  ■'iT 


Hw 


u  J   U  H^   > 


^i5°^l^S^dd^^ 


»«=l<— 1**^! il— il— jj-t  **<  I- 


■*  M    OSOO    O 


9'^ 


50 '" 


<<   V 


u   13   ra 


"•I 


o  Mo 
^5§ 


OJ    OJ    OJ 


m  "*  tnvo    t^o 


S 


>) 


^ 


V 


U 


■^ 


-<? 

'-^ 

M 

•^ 

5 

^) 

'^ 

•^ 

^ 

^ 

8 


^ 


s 


o 

O 


5^ 

^ 

0 

s 

■^ 

.<5> 

oa 

N 

s, 

< 
X 
p- 
j-l 
< 

217 


NAMES  OF  THE  SCHOLARS  IN  ALPHABETICAL  ORDER. 


The   Number  opposite  each    Name  indicates  its  Place  in  the 
Preceding   Catalogue. 


Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Abrahams.  Thomas  F.. 

3667 
3786 
3759 
3658 
3174 
308 
2208 

2267 
128 

2191 
518 

1610 
136 

195 

663 

14 

361 

2494 

2323 

1654 

850 

256 

324 

1857 

1469 

764 

155 

209 

228 
280 

'394 
2322 
98 
2673 
1376 
2612 
2205 
2285 
1887 
1347 
1858 

594 
1859 

657 
8063 
2064 
3548 
3760 
2360 
3056 
77 
3300 

576 

345 

Adma,  Elizabeth 

Ahmuty,  Elizabeth 

Ahmuty,  Matthew   ..    .. 
Ahmuty,  William 

3220 
3>36 
3095 
3175 
3137 
3673 
3247 
2924 
2889 
2709 
3486 
3398 
2742 
3429 
2256 
1906 

2257 

2801 
3233 
2743 

3778 
I97I 

269 

176 
143 
32 

2312 

3270 

i860 

628 

81 

43 
1189 
3507  1 

745 
1793 
2209 

87 

537 
1308 

3674 
1007 
1810 
2181 
•932 
2210 
763   i 
8 

538 
3121 
10 
1160 
3029 
3271 

Angus,  William   

2932 
381 
1861 

.Aburnethy,  Margaret... 
Aburnelhy,  Mary  A.... 
Acker,  Eliza    

2910 
3336 
910 

Apgar,  Charles 

Appleby,  .Amelia 

Appleby,  Charles 

Archer,  Catharine  .... 
Archer,  James  R 

.Alberti,  Annie 

Albrecht,  Charles 

Alcorn,  Emma  L 

Acker,  Frances 

874 

1862 

Acker,  Josephine  C 

Acker,  Laney 

3604 

Allason,  Clarissa 

Allason,  Emma  G 

Allason,  Laurence  F 

Allason,  Martha   W 

Allason,  Mary  Louise... 
Allen,  Frances  A 

1863 
1059 
2104 
1786 
1896 
1738 
3176 
2341 
3272 
45 

Arents,  Stephen 

Arkills,  Charles  P 

Arkills,  James  E 

Arkills,  Lvdia  A    

Arkills,  Mary  E 

Acker,  Mary 

Acker,  Marv  E 

Acker,  Rachel    

.Armstrong,  Charles.   ... 
Armstrong,  Charles  O.. 

Armstrong,  Cora  A 

Armstrong,  Eliz 

Armstrong,  Emeline  W. 

Armstrong,  John  G 

Ashby,  William  H 

Ashenfelter,  Anna  B 

Ackerman,  .Abraham  ... 
Ackerman,  .Albert 

Allen,  Kate 

Allen,  Kate  D....     

Allen    Mary  E 

3138 
3301 

Ackerman,  Garrit  G 

Altenhain,  Charles 

1506 
2086 

.Amerman,  Hannah 

Amerman,  Isaac 

Amerman,  Mary 

Anderson,  Alfred 

Anderson,  Annie 

Anderson,  Daniel   A 

Anderson,  David  . . 

Anderson,  Elias 

Anderson,  Elizabeth   .. 
Anderson,  Euphemla... 

Anderson,  Eva  C 

Anderson,  George 

Anderson,  Jacob 

Anderson,  Jessie 

180 

Ackerman,  Jacob  D 

Ackerman, Jacob  \V. . . . 

Ackerman, Jane  

Ackerman, John 

.Ackerman,  John 

Ackerman,  John 

Ackurman,  John 

Ackerman.  John 

Ackerman,  John  .A 

Ackerman,  Lawrence... 
Ackerman,  Martha  J  . . . . 

Ackerman.  Mary 

Ackerman,  Mary 

225 

103 1 

918 

959 

799 

2026 

2833 

2701 

2702 

2475 

2476 

172s 

1709 

3526 

Ashley,  Clarian 

Ashley,  John 

Ashley,  Margaret 

Atkinson,  Elizabeth  .... 
Atz,  Adolph 

Atz,  George  A.  C 

.Austin,  John  E 

Austin,  William  A.  F.  P. 
Avers,  Ann  .Augusta  ... 

Ayers,  Isabella  B 

Ayers,  Joseph  B 

Ayers,  I,ouisa  J 

Ayers,  Martha  J 

Ayers,  Minnie  L ... 

1710 

Ackerman,  Rachel  J,... 
.Ackerman.   William. 
Ackerson.  Almira 

Anderson,  John 

.Anderson,  John 

Anderson,  John  W 

Anderson,  Lavinia 

■Anderson.  Lorena 

Anderson,  Maria  A 

Anderson,  Martha 

Anderson,  Mary 

Anderson,  Nicholaus  . . . 

Anderson,  Peter 

.Anderson,  T'hebe 

Anderson,  Richard  C.  .. 

Anderson,  Walter 

Anderson,  William 

Angus,  James 

Angus,  Mary  F 

1726 
2971 
3030 
970 
I. 59 
35" 
317 
130 

1831 
1838 
1832 
569 
3504 

Ackeison.  Charles  P 

Ackerson,  Edward 

Ackerson,  Eunice  A 

Ackerson,  James  T 

Acton,  Wilhclmina   I 

Adams,  Addie      

Adams,  Charles  F 

Adams.   Frances 

Ayres,  Tobias 

Babb,  Ellen  V 

Babb, George  F 

Babb,  Thomas  E 

.Adams,  Jennie 

Bain,  Benjamin  F 

Baird,  William  A   ...    . 
Baisden,  Hannah  J 

Adams,  John  W 

Adams,  Joseph  P 

1421 
3122 

2l8 


NAMES  OF  THE  SCHOLARS 


Name. 


Raker,  Benjamin  F 

Baker,  Edgar 

Baker,  Etta 

Baker,  Isaac  B 

Baker,  Oscar 

Baker,  William  F 

Bakewell,  George  W.  . . 

Bakewell,  Louisa 

Bakewell,  Milton 

Baldwin,  Addie 

Baldwin,  Annie 

Baldwin,  Harris  J 

Baldwin,  Justus 

Baldwin,  Lucy  E 

Baldwin,  Phebe  J 

Ball  Louisa  M 

Ballard,  Asa  B 

Ballerman,  Annie 

Bancker,  Sophia 

Banker,  Catherine  A.. .. 

Banker,  John 

Banker,  Mary  E , 

Banker,  Rachel , 

Banker,  Susan  J 

Banker,  Thomas  A 

Banks,  Ann  Amelia. . . . 

Banks,  Obadiah 

Banks,  William  O 

Banner,  John 

Banta,  John 

Banta,  Hannah 

Banta,  Mary 

Banta,  Peter 

Barber,  Silas 

Barclay,  Kate 

Bardusch,  Jacob   

Barkley,  Ella 

Barkley,  Sarah 

Barnard,  Charles 

Barnet,  Jane  

Barney,  Augustus  W.  . 

Barney,  Daniel 

Barr,  Catharine 

Barr,  Frederick 

Barr,  Garret 

Barr,  Garrit 

Barr,  Henry 

Barry,  Catharine  J 

Barth,  Caroline   

Barth,  Mary  Elizabeth. 

Barthey,  Gustave 

Barthey,  Katharine. .   . 

Barthey,  Lena 

Bartholf ,  Leah  Jane 

Bartholf,  Lydia  Ann... 
Bartholomae,  Aug'ta  C 

Bartine,  Jenny 

Bartlett,  Charles  B 

Bartlett,   William  H.  S. 

Bartley,  George  W 

Bascom,  William  B 

Basmar,  William 

Bates,  Jane 

Bates,  Louis 

Bates,  Robert 

Barlheldes,  Louis 

Baxter,  Elizabeth 

Baxter,  John  Thomas. . 

Baxter,  Kate  E 

Baxter,  Samuel 


No. 


1349 
1819 
3693 
1348 
2186 
2091 
1922 
1982 
1923 
2393 
2394 


2269 
2395 
3506 
3324 
3087 

448 
1538 
1539 
1574 

421 
1688 
'54° 
1635 
1636 

1655 
144 
120 
387 


1595 
3019 
2484 
2396 
2397 
3659 

168 
2554 
2555 

267 

331 
556 
1280 
426 

1383 
1961 
1924 
3325 
2615 
3326 
2114 
2176 
3327 
3103 
3687 
3688 
3697 

2933 
2911 
3031 
3302 
2934 
2878 
"53 
3682 
3466 
"54 


Name. 


Bayard,  Ann 

Bayard,  Peter 

Beach,  Anna  C 

Beach,  Clarence  \V.  

Beach,  Edward 

Beach,  Emma 

Beach, Jane  

Beach,  Mary 

Beach,  Sarah 

Beach,  Willard  Parker.. 

Beach,  William 

Beatson,  George 

Beatson,  William 

Beaumont,  Beniamin  . . , 
Beaumont,  Cath.  Susan. 
Beaumont,  Mary  Ann  ., 

Beaumont,  Peter  S 

Bechthold,  Julius  E.  J.. 

Beckar,  Helen  C 

Beckar,  Louisa 

Becker,  Bertha 

Becker,  Mary  

Bedford,  Augustus 

Bedford,  Eleanor 

Bedford,  Harriet  A. 

Bedford,  John  S 

Beeker,  Herman  R.  ... 

Beekman,  Ann 

Beekman,  Catharine.... 

Beekman,  Eliza 

Beekman,   Henry 

Beekman,  John 

Beggs,  Ada 

Bell,  George 

Bell,  George  H 

Bell,  Hortense , 

Bell,  James 

Bell,  John  E 

Bell,  Louis 

Bell,  Thomas  J , 

Bell,  William  H 

Bender,  George  P , 

Bennet,  Andrew  H.... 
Bennet,  Sarah  Elizabeth 

Bennett,  Benjamin 

Bennett,  George  A.  H 
Bennett,  Nancy.   ...... 

Bennett,  Sally  F 

Bennett,  Sarah  F 

Ben.schoten,  Cornelius. 

Bensel,  Fanny    

Benson,  Emily 

Benson,  George  E 

Benson,  John 

Benson,  Sarah 

Berdan,  Abby  L 

Berdan,  Albert 

Berdan,  Mary  E 

Berdan,  Peter 

Bergstraser,  Anna..  .. 
Bergstraser,  Elizabeth. 

Berry,  John  M 

Berry,  Mandeville 

Berry,  Maria  J 

Bertholf,  George 

Bertholf,  William 

Besher,  Ann  M 

Besher,  John  H 

Betham,  Peter  P 

Bicker,  Victor , 


640 
685 
2048 


1 162 
852 
891 

3222 

943 

2981 

2935 

827 

9.6 

414 

862 

3009 

2609 

2192 

2674 

2675 

2073 

2287 

2141 

2107 

2037 

369 

181 

347 

167 

306 

2936 

3337 

3273 

3399 

3248 

3284 

3400 

2732 

1364 

3384 

433 

2398 

3575 

1174 

1135 

490 

665 

68 

3415 

3668 

3611 

441 

3612 

2124 

1292 

2125 

1619 

3761 
3762 
2000 
2334 
3549 
290 
278 

1319 
1318 
907 
470 


Name. 


Bierman,  Jacob  H. .  . 
Billings,  Elizabeth... 
Bingenheimer,  Christoph 

Bird,  Charles  E   

Birdsall,  Constant 

Bissett,  Eliza 

Bisset,  Hannah 

Black,  Eliza  Jane 

Black,  Garrit  C 

Black,  Robert 

Blair,  William  A 

Blanchard,  Christian  B.. 

Blanchard,  George 

Blanchard,  James 

Blanchard,  Marg't  Ann. 

Blanchard,  Maria 

Blanchard,  Nicholas.... 

Blanchard,  Susan 

Blanche,  Ann  Amelia... 
Blanche,  Charles  A . . . . 

Blanche,  Emma  A 

Blank,  Ephraim 

Blauvelt,  Ann   P  

Blauvelt,  Anne 

Blauvelt,  Catharine.    ... 
Blauvelt,  Catharine .... 

Blauvelt,  Catharine 

Blauvelt,  Christiana 

Blauvelt,  Cornelius 

Blauvelt,  Cornelius  L... 

Blauvelt,  Eliza 

Blauvelt,  Eliza  Ann.   . 
Blauvelt,  Elizabeth  L... 

Blauvelt,  Herman 

Blauvelt,  Helen  M 

Blauvelt,  Henry  C 

Blauvelt,  Isaac 

Blauvelt,  Isaac  .M 

Blauvelt,  James 

Blauvelt,  John 

Blauvelt,  John 

Blauvelt,  John  D 

Blauvelt,  John  M 

Blauvelt,  Julia  F 

Blauvelt,  Kate  M 

Blauvelt,  Margaret 

Blauvelt,  Maria         

Blauvelt,  Rachel  C 

Boarden,  Emily  R   ..    .. 
Boardman,  Charles  H... 

Roardnian,  Mary  E 

Boardman,  Rachel 

Boardman,  Sarah  J 

Boardman,  William  J.  .. 
Bodenheimer,  Morris... 

Boeheini,  Eugene 

Boehm,  David   

Boehmer,  August 

Bogardus,  .Alfred  M.  ... 

Bogardus,  Cornelius 

Bogardus.  Edward  W.. 

Bogardus,  James 

Bogardus,  Julia  E 

Bogardus,  Mary   

Bogart,  Daniel 

Bogart,  Eliza 

Bogart,  Ella 

Bogart,  James 

Bogart,  John 

Bogart,  John  W 


IN  ALPHABETICAL  ORDER — Continued. 


219 


Name. 


Bogart,  Lanah  Ann... 

Bogert,  Alice 

Bogert,  Ann 

Bogert,  Andrew 

Bogert,  Catharine 

Bogert,  David 

Bogert,  Eugenia  A.    . 
Bogert,  Euphemia..    . 

Bogert.  Garret 

Bogert,  Gilbert 

Bogert,  Gilbert 

Bogert,  Henry 

Bogert,  Jacob 

Bogert,  James 

Bogert,  James  O   

Bogert,  James  W 

Bogert,  James  W 

Bogert,  Jane 

Bogert,  Jane.   

Bogert,  John 

Bogert,  John 

Bogert,  Laviiiia 

Bogert,  Margaret 

Bogert,  Margaret 

Bogert,  Maria 

Bogert,  N.  I   Marselus 

Bogert,  Orrin  S 

Bogert,  Peter 

Bogert,  Peter 

Bogert,  Peter     

Bogert,  Peter  B  

Bogert,  Polly   

Bogert,  Rulef 

Bogert,  Sally 

Bogert,  Samuel  P 

Bogert,  Sarah  Jane. . . . 

Bogert,  Simon  J 

Bogert,  Stephen    . ..    . 
Bogert,  Stephen  B.... 

Bogert,  Susannah 

Bogert,  Warren 

Bogert,  Washington   . 

Bogert,  William 

Bogert,  William 

Bogert,  William  C 

Boor,  iVlargaretta 

Boor,  Peter  Edward.. 

Bopp,  Matilda 

Bopp,  Sophia.  , 

Bornmann,  Charles  G. 
Bornmann,  Francis... 

Borst,  Corstiaan    

Borst,  Jane . . 

Borst,  William 

Bovee,  Alfred 

Bovee,  John 

Bovee,  Joseph 

Bowden,  Jennie 

Bowers,  Daniel 

Bowers,  Mary  C 

Bowman,  Daniel 

Bowman,  Jiuie 

Boyce,  Catharine  E. . . 
Boyd,  Abraham  A.    . . 

Boyd.  Charles  K 

Boyden,  James  S 

Boyden,  William  H... 

Brady,  Abiier  S 

Brady,  Catharine  Ann 
Brady,  Charles  E 


No. 


732 

2295 

679 
687 
584 
1821 
1822 
1967 


1062 
956 

633 
911 

1950 
982 

1114 
614 
786 
216 
919 
604 
445 
530 
849 

2002 

1716 
343 
478 

777 
1041 

i6g 
1113 

652 
1996 
1839 

726 

743 

960 

756 

2542 

719 

800 

1064 

1620 

2495 

2288 

2547 
2548 
2224 
2129 
2873 


1401 

1434 
1402 

3430 
3628 
1586 
1252 
1487 
I3'i2 

2874 
367  s 
2703 
2704 

1626 

1759 
1679 


Name. 

Brady,  James  H 

Brady,  William  H 

Bragaw,  Francis 

Bragaw,  Isaac 

Bragaw,  Lewis 

Braird,  Eliza 

Brampton,  Francis 

Brandon,  George 

Brant,  Abraham 

Brant,  John  C 

Brant,  Mary  W 

Brant,  Sophia  E 

Brazier,  James  H 

Breene,  Carrie 

Breene.  Isabella 

Brennan,  Agnes  A 

Brett,  Francis  R 

Briggs,  Arthur  E 

Brinckerhoff,  Henry. 
Brinckerhoff,  John  J. . . . 
Brinckerhoff,  John  W... 
Brinckerhoff,  Ransfd  W. 
Brinkerhoff,  Christian  .. 

Britton,  Nicholas 

Broad,  John  E 

Broetzell,  Minnie 

Brooks,  George  A   .    . . . 

Brooks,  Issac 

Brooks,  Washington  ... 

Brooks,  William  H 

Brower,  Abraham  D.... 

Brower,  Augustus 

Brower,  Elias 

Brower,  Henry 

Brower,  Jeremiah 

Brower,  John 

Brower,  John  L 

Brower,  Martin 

Brower,  Nicholas 

Brower,  Rebecca 

Brower,  Rebecca 

Brower,  Sarah 

Brower,  Thomas 

Brower,  William 

Brower,  William  J 

Brown,  Alexander  F 

Brown,  .'Mice  Knox 

Brown,  Amanda 

Brown,  Benjamin  W  ... 

Brown,  Charles  E 

Brown,   Frank 

Brown,  Gertrude 

Brown,  Harry 

Brown.  Isabella  L 

Brown,  James  H 

Brown,  John 

Brown,  Louis  (i. ..... . 

Brown,  Mary  .\nn 

Brown,  William 

Brown,  William  A.  P... 

Brown,  William  H 

Brownlce,  .\rchibald  G. 
Brownlee.  J.  Harrison. 
Bruce,  Alexander... 

Bruce,  Catharine 

Bruce,  Cieorge  W 

Bruce,  Jane   

Bryant,  Reuben     

Bryant,  William 

Buchanan,  Sarah  J 


No. 


1680 
2270 
1338 
1339 
1375 

43° 
2617 
3032 
2115 
2003 
1951 
1952 

651 
3660 
3661 
2556 

108 
3642 

848 
i8u 
1897 
2532 

754 

182 

3643 
3745 
2420 
268 
358s 
I28r 
686 
824 
826 
790 

757 

188 

2361 

677 

44 

769 

856 

588 

192 

748 

2602 

2641 

2342 

•346 

3081 

2121 

2618 

2926 

2804 

3033 

2421 

1345 

3034 

lOOI 

"377 
•335 
2093 
2998 
2957 
1295 
1294 

II20 
1293 
1310 
1309 
3983 


Name. 

Buchta,  Gottlieb 

Buck,  John 

Buck,  Louisa 

Buckbee,  Benjamin   . . . 

Buckley,  Lucy  -Ann 

BuUene,  Frank  Jay  . .  . . 

Bullene,  John  J 

Bundle,  Christian 

Bundle,  Elizabeth.   .   .. 

Burger,  Daniel 

Burger,  Gerardus  C    . 

Burger,  Rebecca 

Burgess,  Aaron 

Burgess,  James 

Burgher,  Nellie  May... 

Burns,  Arthur 

Burns,  Emmett  C 

Burns,  Eva 

Burns,  Georgiana 

Burns,  Grace    

Burns,  Howard  M.  .   .. 

Burns,  Margaret  C 

Burns,  Mary  .\ 

Burns,  Wesley 

Burns,  William  J 

Burras,  William  H 

Burton,  Minnie  H 

Burtsell,  Edward  D 

Busch,  Adeline 

Busch,  Andrew 

Busch,  Margaret  

Butler,  Emma 

Butler,  Ida 

Butler,  John   

Butler,  Julia 

Butler,  William  B 

Butt,  John   

Button,  John 

Button,  Thomas    

Butz.  Henry 

Byam,  Andrew  J 

Byard,  Mary 

Byers,  John 

Byers,  Moses 

Byers,  William 

Byrnes,  Ann  Eola 

Byrnes,  Corrinne  A.... 
Byrnes,  Elizabeth  A 
Byrnes,  George  A..    .. 

Cabana,  Charles  L..    .. 
Cabana,  Hannah  R.  . , . 

Cabana,  Mary  M 

Cadmus,  Charles  C    .. 

Cadmus,  Harlson  P 

Callow,  .Ann 

Callow,  Catharine  A.. . 

Callow,  James. 

Campbell,  Adolphus  W 

Campbell,  Jane  E 

Campbell,  John  C 

Campbell,  I'hu'be  M... 

Campbell,  William 

Campbell,  William  J   .. 

Cannon,  ("harlotte 

(Gannon,  Lillie 

Canterman,  Ann 

Canterman.  John 

Capewell,  Richard 

Capewell,  Susan  A.  ... 


NAMES    OF    THE    SCHOLARS 


Name, 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Carey,  John      

3036 
622 
ib36 

3274 
3180 
1014 
1013 
3629 
3586 
2182 
3581 
2749 
2750 
2883 
327s 
2967 
3092 
3578 
2299 
2108 

5" 
3808 

520 
"33 
1132 
3208 
1217 
1219 
1216 
1259 
1536 
•537 
1218 
1740 
1627 
1637 
2937 
1023 

36 
3.8 
1847 
1492 

1493 
1494 
1621 
3630 
2027 
76 
1387 
2030 
2645 
3010 
3608 
1925 
2603 

3249 
1797 
2019 
1798 
1447 
3730 
3037 
2539 
2792 
2793 
2324 
1926 
1908 
1481 
1780 

Clark,  William  W 

Clarke,  Walter  S 

Clarkson,  J.  Schurem'n. 

Clearman,  William  H... 
1  Clegg,  Margaret  J 

Clements,  Caroline 

Clendenin,  Eliza 

Clendenin,  George 

Clendenin,  Thomas 

Clendenin,  William 

1  Cleverley,  Abraham  B.. 

Cleverley,  Margaret  A.. 

Cleverley,  Thomas  H . . . 

Cleverley,  William 

Clinton,  Isabella 

Cloyd,  Ann  Maria 

1902 
2142 
2183 

2705 

3239 
1282 

1760 
1712 
1984 
1587 
3476 
3508 
2891 
2206 
2399 
1137 
1138 
1422 
3419 
3250 
2711 
3251 
3788 
loi 
239 

2543 
2522 

3451 
2070 

170 
3452 
2523 

238 

177 

1410 

2650 

2506 

2646 

2796 

2507 

1625 

1940 

1 06 

1236 

1201 

613 

360 

1329 

"55 

553 

487 

1408 

1588 

1370 

316 

894 

3038 

408 

33^2 

47' 

1768 

1769 

895 

357 

546 

1121 

993 

2760 

2170 

3373 

Colwell,  Warren  A 

Combes,  Catharine 

Combes,  John 

Combes,  Mary 

Comstock,  Anna 

Conant,  Charles  F 

Conant,  George  H 

Concklin,  Henry 

Concklin,  Jacob 

Concklin,  Mary  E 

Conckling,  Esther 

Conklin,  Abraham 

2177 

898 

909 

870 

3374 

1713 

1787 

1417 

1410 

1781 

254 

869 

494 

585 

2724 

941 

1065 

3712 

3453 

3454 

2959 

3252 

3223 

3620 

1667 

1672 

2720 

994 

995 

996 

1669 

2875 

2921 

3631 

1093 

1156 

1 168 

1 197 

1936 
2075 

1937 
1954 
1340 
1303 
1304 
1302 
1435 
31S1 

3139 
3140 
551 
3491 
3509 
3709 

3285 
3286 
1453 
"75 
3348 
3353 
1176 
751 
476 

3596 
760 
507 
2271 
3194 
319s 
2184 

Carlock,  Christian 

Carman,  Benjamin 

Carman,  Ella  L 

Carman,  Melissa  C 

earner,  Alonzo  L 

Carpenter,  Nellie 

Carpenter,  Robert  L 

Carpenter,  William  E... 

Carr,  George  G 

Carr,  Sarah  L 

Conklin,  Eleanor 

Conklin,  Francis  M 

Conklin,  Henry 

Conklin,  Margaret 

'  Connell,  Annie  R 

Connell,  Henry  W. 

Connell,  Regina  

Connelley,  Jennie 

Connelley,  John  H 

Connolly,  Jessie 

Connor,  Harry  F 

Conover,  Ann  Elizab'h. 

Conover,  Catharine  A.. 

Conover,  Clementine  G. 

Conover,  Daniel 

Conover,  Elisha 

Conover,  George  S 

;  Conover,  Mary  S 

Conrad,  Emily 

Conrey,  John  D 

Carss,  John  B 

Carss,  Joseph     

Carter,  Agnes  Maud 

Carter,  Alida 

I  Clute,  Cecelia  H 

,  Cochard,  August 

1  Cocks,  Louis  A 

Case,  Julia  D 

Case,  Maria 

j  Coe,  Samuel  L 

Cassiday,  Elizabeth 

Cawood,  Phebe 

Chadwick,  Daniel 

'  Coey,  Elizabeth 

Coiley,  William 

Colbart,  John 

Chadwick,  Thomas 

Chamberlain,  Perry 

Colbart.  Sarah   

Cole,  Charles  S 

Chambers,  Ann  Maria.. 
Chambers,  Hannah...   . 

Cole,  F"'erdinand  S 

Chambers,  John  H 

Chambers,  Mary 

Cole,  Georgiana 

Cole,  John 

Chambers,  Mary 

Chambers,  Solomon 

Cole,  John  H 

Chambers,  William 

Chapin,  Charles 

Colegrove,  Catharine... 

Colegrove,  William 

Coleman,  Charles 

Coleman,  Charles  E 

Coleman,  David  E 

Coleman,  John  L.  .. 
Coleman,  Joseph  V.  D. . 
Coleman,  Marianna.. 

Colfax,  Mary  Jane 

Colgrove,  Ann  E 

Collard,  Archer 

Chapin,  Henry  A 

Chapin,  James  F 

Cook,  John   

Chapman,  William  R.  .. 

Cook,  Peter  V.  H 

Cook,  Thomas  M 

Cooke,  F"rancis  W 

Cooke,  Leah  M 

Cooke,  Peter  A 

Cooke,  Rachel  E 

Cooper,  Bobert  J 

Coppinger,  Adriana 

Coppinger,  Charles 

Coppinger,  Deborah 

Coppinger,  Eliza  J 

Corbett,  Charlotte 

Corbett,  Elizabeth.... 
Corbett,  Julia  B.   ... 

Chardevoyne,  Ann 

Chardevoyne,  Thos.  C 

Childs,  Christopher 

Childs,  Deborah  J 

Childs,  Elizabeth 

CoUard,  Eliza 

Childs,  Rebecca 

Chipman,  Charles  M 

Collard,  George  W 

Cellard,  Jacob 

Christie,  Gamaliel 

Christie,  James 

Collard,  James 

Collard,  Jeremiah 

Collard,  John 

Christie.  Maria  E 

Churchwell,  Mary  E 

Collard,  Maria 

Corbett.  William 

Corn,  Louisa    

Clancv,  Georgiana 

Collard,  Richard 

Collard,  Stephen  D 

Collard,  William 

Collins,  Elizabeth 

Collins,  Elizabeth 

Collins,  James  Ross 

Clandening.  Clarence... 
Clark,  Abraham 

Cornelisse,  Lena 

Cornelisse,  Paulie  W... 
Corner,  Margaret 

Clark,  Alexander  A 

Clark,  Allena 

Corson,  Christina 

Corson.  Emma 

Clark,  Catalina  C 

Clark,  Cornelia 

Collins,  Jeannetle 

Collins,  Jemima 

Collins,  Jesse 

Collins,  John  P 

Collins,  Mary  Ann 

Collins,  Samuel 

Clark,  Eliza 

Clark,  Ethel 

Clark,  Frank  W 

Clark,  James  Clifford... 
Clark,  .Margaret 

Corson,  George  H 

Corson,  Samuel 

Cortelyou.  Eleanor 

Cortelyou,  Elizabeth  ... 

Cortelyou,  George  S 

Cortelyou,  John 

Cortelyou    Peter  C 

Corvvin,  Mary  E 

Cossum,  Caroline 

Cossum,  William  H 

Cottrell,  Israel  A 

Clark,  Martha 

Clark,  Mary  E 

Collins,  Sarah  Ann  ...    . 

Collins.  Stephen 

Collins,  Susan 

Clark,  Peter    

Clark,  Priscilla  .... 

Collins.  William  A..    .. 
Colwell,  Charles  G.     .. 
Colwell,  Frederick  L.  .. 

Clark,  Thomas 

Clark,  William  H 

IN    ALPHABETICAL    ORDER continued. 


221 


Name. 


Couenhoven,  Chr 

Couenhoven,  Jacob 

Couenhoven,  James 

Couenhoven,  John   L... 
Couenhoven,  Nicholas.. 

Couenhoven.  Sarah 

Couenhoven.  William  . 

Coward,  Charles 

Coward,  George 

Covvie,  Alexander  G 

Cowie,  Annie 

Cowing,  Charles  J 

Cozine,  Garret 

Cozine,  Georpe 

Cozine,  Mary 

Craddick.  Emina 

Cragin,  Ida  E 

Cragin,  James  W 

Cramer,  Augustus  H.  .. 
Cramer.  Win.  J.  C.   P... 

Crane,  Everett  1 

Crane,  John 

Crane,  Lemuel  F 

Craven,  Jacob 

Craven,  James 

Cregier,  .Ann  Maria 

Cregier,  Eliza  J 

Cregier,  Joseph 

Cregier,  Josephine 

Crocheron,  Charlotte  E. 

Crocherun.  Edward 

Crolius,  James  W 

Crolius,  Josephine 

Crossingham,  Caroline  . 

Crosson,  Mary  M 

Crosson,  William 

Crouter,  Joseph 

Crowell,  John.  

Cruger.  Thomas 

Crum,  Emma  K 

Crum,  Krederick  H 

Crygier,  John  U 

Crygier,  Kate  V 

Crygier,  Sarah 


Dakin,  Isabella 

Dakin,  John    . .    

Dale,  .Alexander  R 

Dally,   Mary 

Dami,  Edward 

Dami,  John 

Dami.  William 

Dana,  Emma  L 

Dana,  Helen  E , 

Danlorth,  .Anna 

Dangler,  Adolphus  E.. 

Dangler.  Ella  A 

Daniels.  Nelly 

Danner,  Hannah 

Danner.  Jacob , 

Danningberg.  Lucinda. 

Danziger.  Esther 

Darr,  Christina      

Davis,  John   . . ., 

Davis,  Mary  J 

Davis,  Sarah 

Dawson,  Jacob  H 

Dawson,  Samuel  H 

Dawson,  Stites 

Day,  Abraham  A 


No. 


4 
272 
301 

567 
61 
465 
221 
3340 
3341 
2423 
2459 
2066 

443 
534 
442 
3224 
2534 
2535 
2508 
2884 
3141 
3000 
3142 
298 
247 
1648 
1470 
1378 
1541 
2620 
2863 
2130 
2028 
3143 
3214 
3215 
1638 
3662 
1206 
2146 
2147 
2721 
2744 
338 

2983 
2984 

3375 
390 

954 
953 
1024 
3695 
3637 
2879 
3125 
3354 
3287 
2466 
2467 
1389 
3067 
2400 
1596 
1542 
3288 
1522 
1460 

1523 
648 


Name. 

Day,  Catharine 

Day,  Henry 

Day, Jacob  

Day, Jacob  E 

Day,  John 

Day, John  L 

Day,  Maria 

Day,  Mary 

Day,  Rebecca 

Day,  Rebecca  Jane 

Day,  William 

Day,  William 

Deacon,  James 

Dealing,  Charles  E 

Dealing,  Micheletta 

Dealing,  Oberlin 

Dean,  Henry  F 

Dean,  Lemuel  F 

Dearing,  James 

Debaun,  Edward 

Debaun, John  

Debaun,  Joseph 

Debaun,  Peter  

De  Bevoise,  Courtlandt  . 

Debevoise,  James 

Debevoise,  Washington. 

Debost,  Alwyn 

Debost,  Leon 

Debost,  Marie  Louise... 

De  (amp,  George 

De  ("amp,  James 

Decker,  John 

Decker,  Katie 

Decker,  Lewis 

Decker,  William 

Decker,  W'illiam 

Deely,  Mary 

De  Garcia,  Carrie  V..,. 

De  Graw,  Aaron 

De  Graw,  Catharine... 

De  Graw,  Sally 

De  (iroff,  Edward 

De  Groot,  A braham  .... 
De  Groot,  Eleanor  A . . . 

De  Groot,  Jacob   

De  (iroot,  John  M 

De  Groot,  Marv  J 

De  Groot,  Michael  F.... 

De  Groot,  Peter    

De  Groot,  Rachel 

De  Klyn,  Harnet 

De  Klyii,  Peggy 

De  La  Croix,  Andrew.. 
De  La  Croix.  .Matilda  C. 
Delamater.  Abraham 
De  Lamater.  Charles  H. 
De  Lamalej-,  Du  Hois. . 
De  Lamater,  Jane.     . . . 
De  Lamnter,  Jno.  (yide  I 

Note  No.  i-^g'i) t 

Del   Noy,  Virginia 

Deniarest,  Ann  Maria.. 
Demarest,  Cath.  Am'nda 
Demaresl,  Charlotte. .  . . 
Duinaresl.  Cornel.  V.  R. 

Demarest,  Ebenezer 

Demarest,  Elizabeth.... 
Demarest,  Ella  V.  R... 
Demarest,  Ephraim  H... 
Demarest,  Francis  Eug. 


No. 


598 
"59 
972 


497 
961 
906 
928 
1045 
902 
1094 
52 
2540 
2544 
2541 
2594 
2178 

2153 

3182 

858 

782 

615 

835 
946 
1025 
3144 
3145 
3146 
893 

931 

100 
3802 

937 
1854 
3225 
3818 

3579 

I 

499 
500 

2876 
822 

1471 
801 
976 

1472 
832 
877 
833 

1432 

150 
3020 
3021 

656 
2972 
2973 

217 


1998 
2004 
2005 
3394 
1898 
2378 
205 
2677 
2016 
2143 


Name. 


Demarest,  Francis  W... 

Demarest,  Francis  Z 

Demarest.  Hannah  J 

Demarest,  Henry 

Demarest,  Isaac. 

Demarest,  Jacob 

Demarest,  Jacob  D 

Demarest,  James 

Demarest,  James 

Demarest,  James  E 

Demarest,  James  Henry 

Demarest,  Jane 

Demarest,  John 

Demarest,  John  K 

Demarest,  Kate 

Demarest,  Llewellyn  L. 
Demarest,  Marg't  Ann  . 

Demarest,  Peter 

Demarest,  Peter 

Demarest,  Peter 

Demarest,  Peter 

Demarest,  Rachel 

Demarest,  Sally 

Demarest,  Samuel  E.    .. 

Demarest,  Sarah 

Demarest,  Sarah 

Demarest,  Simon 

Demarest.  Stephen 

Demarest,  William  E... 

Demilt,  Frederick 

Demorest,  Catharine  .  .. 

Demorest,  Eleanor 

Demorest,  Maria 

Demorest,  Maria 

Dempsey,  William  

Denizot,  Agnes 

Oenizot,  Ellen  J 

Derr,  Hester 

Derr,  Hobart 

Deshays,  Charles 

Deshays,  David 

De  Turk,  Herbert 

De  Veau,  Franklin  L.  . 

Devew,  James 

De voe,  A  bby 

Devoe,  Abraham 

Devoe,  Aletta   

Devoe,  Daniel 

Devoe,  Daniel  S 

Devoe,  Edwin  F 

Devoe,  Frederick 

Devoe,  George 

Devoe,  George  L 

Devoe,  Gilbert 

I  'evoc,   Henry 

Devoe,  Isaac 

Devoe,  Jacob 

Devoe,  John 

Devoe,  John 

Devoe,  Joseph 

Devoe,  Laney    

Devoe,  Margaret  Ann. 

Devoe,  Mary  M 

Devoe.  Sarah   , 

Devoe.  William , 

De  Wilde,  Andrew 

De  Wilde.  William  M., 
De  Witt,  Joseph  C.  H. 

Dexter,  Emma 

Dibel,  Margaret 


222 


NAMES    OF   THE    SCHOLARS 


Name. 


Dick,  Delia 

Dick,  Ida 

Dickhout,  Catharine.. 
Dickhout,  Henry  .... 
Dickhout,  Magdalen. 

Dickinson,  Mary 

Dickson,  Easter 

Dickson,  Eliza 

Dickson,  James 

Dickson,  James  A.  ... 
Dickson,  McCauley... 

Dickson,  Mary 

Dickson,  Samuel 

Dickson,  Samuel 

Diederich,  Mary 

Diehl,  John  Jacob 

Milloway,  Catharine.. 
Dillovvay.  Elizabeth  . 
Dilloway,  Georgine.  . 
Dillovvay,  Godfrey  ... 

Dimelow,  Irving 

Dimelow,  Rowland... 
Dimelow,  Stephen.... 
Dinkelman,  Herman.. 
Disbrow,  Emily  J. . . 
Disbrow,  Stephen  L.. 

Dixon,  Amanda 

Dixon,  Ella  R 

Dixon,  James  E 

Dixon,  Mary 

Dixon,  Samuel  S. . . . 

Dob,  Neilson 

Dobbs,  Howell 

Dobbs,  John 

Dobbs,  Marion 

Dobbs,  William 

Dobbs,  William  D 

Dodds,  Jacob 

Dodge,  Carrie  L 

Dodge,  Cornelius  B.. 

Dolde,  Elizabeth 

Dolde,  George 

Dolph,  Clarence 

Dombaski,  Charles..  .. 
Dominick,  Harriet  P.. 
Doneghan,  Bernard... 

Donnelly,  Robert 

Doolittle,  Washington 

Door,  Ella  J 

Doremus,  .\braham... 

Doremus,  Betsey 

Doremus,  Betsey  .  .  . . 
Doremus,  Betsey  G... 

Doremus,  Caty . . . 

Doremus,  Isaac 

Doremus,  Jacob 

Doremus,  Jacob 

Doremus,  James   ..    .. 

Doremus,  John 

Doremus,  Margaret... 
Doremus,  Mary  Ann  . 

Doremus,  Nicholas 

Doremus,  Noah 

Doremus,  Sarah 

Doremus,  Sarah 

Dorn,  John 

Dorset,  James 

Dorset,  John 

Dougherty,  George... 
Dow,  Mary 


No. 


Name. 


No. 


2424 
2496 
1745 
1753 
1888 

3793 
971 
864 
797 
87s 
984 

1004 
78s 
900 

3736 
2053 
2116 
2117 
2070 
2113 
3819 
3820 
3821 
3268 
2008 
2009 
258s 
2990 
2991 

821 
2992 

860 
3532 

755 
3543 

630 
3638 

133 
2812 
1240 
2054 
2938 
2606 
1903 
2485 
1441 
3524 
3183 
3516 

619 

774 

825 

79' 
718 
iigo 
1241 
1353 
737 
472 

533 
880 
1191 
752 
1354 
2316 
3039 
1003 
1002 
1337 
3040 


Downs,  Cornelius  T.    .. 

Downs,  John  S 

Downs,  Sabrina 

Drumgold,  Charles  G. . . 
Drumgold,  Henry  . .     .. 

Drysdale,  Anna 

Du  Bois,  Catharine.... 

Du  Bois,  Gertrude 

Du  Bois,  James 

Du  Bois,  William  L 

Duff,  Mary 

.  Dugan,  William 

Dunbar,  Esther 

Dunham,  Catharine 

Dunlap,  Edwin  J 

Dunlap,  Frank  P 

Dunlap,  James 

Dunn,  Alexandra  M... 

Dunn,  Catharine  F 

Dunn,  Esther  A 

Dunn,  Henry 

Dunn,  Mabel  V 

Dunn,  Maria 

Dunn,  Mary  E 

Dunn,  Sarah  F 

Dunn,  William 

Dunshee,  James 

Dunshee,  Mary  P 

Dunshee,  William  P.  . . . 

Durand,  Nancy  

Durborow,  Joseph 

Durborow,  Mary 

Durborow,  William  H.. 

Durburrow,  Walter 

Duryea,  Richard 

Duryee,  Catharine 

Duryee,  Garrit 

Duryee,  Henry  B 

Duryee,  James 

Duryee,  John 

Duryee,  John . 

Duryee,  Maria 

Duryee,  Peter  C 

Duryee,  Peter  V 

Dusenberry,  Henry  K. 
Dusenberry.  Susan  A. .. 
Dusenberry,  William  P. 

Duval.  John  E 

Dyckman,  Peter  B 

Eagleson,  Agnes 

Eagleson,  Fanny 

Eagleson,  James  H 

Eagleson,  Mary  E. .  .    . . 

Eagleson,  Sarah  J 

Earl,  Peter 

Earl,  Thomas 

Earle,  Cornelius 

Earle.  Ella 

Earle,  George 

Earle,   Henry 

Earle,  John 

Earle,  John 

Earle,  John  S 

Earle,  Margaret  A 

Earle,  Martha  J 

Earle,  Morris 

Earle,  Sally 

Eaton,  James 

Eaton,  Mary  J 


1543 
•544 
1545 
3289 
301 1 
3057 
2043 
2044 

1833 
1834 

618 
1397 
3469 
3939 
3148 
2586 
1242 
3355 
2805 
3234 
2220 
3742 
3290 
2806 
2216 

204 
2211 

2745 

2613 

562 

89 

25 

270 
356 
550 
749 
818 
803 
840 
639 

750 
6go 
772 
983 

2300 

2362 

2325 

2225 

1403 

3104 

1955 
1956 

1957 

1962 
904  I 
157  i 

1005 

2797 

1482 

1483 

126 

1489  ! 
1427 
2678 
1458 
59 
962 

1243 

1233 


Name. 


Eaton,  Thomas 

Eckert,  Louis  V 

Edgarton,  Gertrude  . 
Edmonds,  Catharine  W. 
Edwards,  Alice. ..    .    ... 

Edwards,   Charles 

Edwards,  Gitty 

Edwards,  Oliver  C 

Ehlert,  Mary  J 

Ehrhart,  Louisa 

Eichler,  Christian  H.,  Jr 

Eichorn,  Azile 

Elbert,  Caroline 

Elbert,  Catharine  E 

Elbert,  William  H 

Elder,  Edward  D 

Eldershaw,  Fanny 

Eldridge,  Edgar 

Eldridge,  Simeon 

EUenwood,  Clarissa.. 

Ellerman,  Mary  A 

Ellis,  Mary 

Ellis,  Robert 

Ellis,  Theodore 

EUy,  William 

Elmendorf,  John  B 

Elsie,  Frances 

Embree,  John 

Embree,  Samuel 

Emmet,  Eliza  Ann 

Emmet,  George 

Emmet,  Jane  Ann  .. 

Emmet,  James  W 

Emmet,  Nathaniel 

Emmet,  Sarah 

Emmet,  William  T 

Emmons,  Walter  E 

Emmons,  William 

Engel,  Peter 

Engle,  Charles 

Enholm,  Ivar 

Enholm,  Oscar 

Enney,  David 

Enney,  Elizabeth 

Ennis,  Adelaide. 

Ennis,  Eliza 

Ennis,  Geraldine 

Ennis,  James . 

Ennis,  Mary 

Ennis,  VVilliam 

Ernst,  Elizabeth 

Ernst,  Paulina 

Erskine,  Edward 

Erskine,  Harriet 

Erskine.  Magdaline 

Esler,  Eleanor 

Esler,  Henry 

Evans,  George    

Evans,  Jennie    

Evans,  William 

Evens,  Isaac 

Everitt,  Benjamin 

Evertson,  Benjamin 

Evertson.  Jane 

Evesson,  Isabelle 

Ewing,  Jane 

Exner,  Edmund 

Exner,  Mary 

Exner,  William 

Eyre,  Mary  Ann 


IN   ALPHABETICAL    ORDER — continued. 


223 


Name. 


Faekner,  David 

Fairchild,  Louis 

Fairchild,  Meredith 

Fardon,  Elizabeth 

Farnham,  Florence 

Farnham,  Frank  H .  . . . 

Farr,  George 

Farr,  Thomas 

Farrell,  Florence  H... 

Fash,  Isaac 

Fash,  John    

Fash,  William 

Favvpel,  Hannah 

Fawpel,  Lanah 

Fawpell,  Maria 

Fav,  Georgiana 

Feery,  Elizabeth 

Feldmuth,  Barbara..    . 

Fenn,  Adaline 

Fenn,  Julia  Ann 

Fenton,  David 

Fenton,  Susan 

Fenton,  Thomas 

Fentonburgh,  John 

Ferdon,  Abraham 

Ferdon,  Abraham  . . 
Ferdon,  Andrew  T.  . . . 

Ferdon,  David 

Ferdon.  Frances 

Ferdon,  Garret 

Ferdon,  George  W 

Ferdon,  James  A 

Ferdon,  James  H 

Ferdon,  James  S 

Ferdon,  John         

Ferdon,  Margaret 

Ferdon,  Sarah  C 

Ferdon,  Stephen  L    .. 
Ferguson,  Samuel  E 
Ferguson,  Thomas  . . . , 
Ferguson,  William  L. 

Ferris,  Joseph 

Ferris,  Margaret 

Fichtel,  Charles  G..   ., 

Fichtel,  Henry 

Filberg,  Catharine  A. 

Filberg,  Charles  P 

Filberg,  John 

Finck,  Otto 

Finkenaur,  Josephine. 

Finner,  Emma  S 

Finner,  Lizzie  L 

Fisher,  Catharine 

Fisher,  Henry  

Fisher,  Nicholas  

Fisher,  Peter 

Fiske,  Susie  J 

Fleming,  Robert  W.. . 

Flint,  George 

Flock,  Mary 

Forbes,  Alexander.... 

Forbes,  Tobias 

Forboss,  Isaac  B 

Ford,  Lillie 

Forrest,  Grace 

Forrest,  Mamie 

Forrest,  Anna  M 

Forshav,  Garrit 

Forshay,  Henry...... 

Forshay,  James 


No. 


3562 

3689 

3690 

27 

3564 

3639 

2427 

2428 

3150 

3" 

422 

310 
654 
572 
738 
3013 
3?!42 
2651 
1546 
1547 
99 
5'2 
492 
1123 
2082 
2163 
1968 
1915 
205s 
'835 
2218 
191 1 
1866 
1916 
1867 
1917 
1912 
2056 

3737 
2272 
2289 
2993 

31 
2762 
2864 
'395 
'442 
1341 
3483 
3356 
3304 
3305 
1558 

305 
2497 
2477 
2968 
35'8 
2892 

480 
54 
78 

524 
3565 
3410 
3SOI 
3'5i 
1107 
1 106 
1 124 


Name. 


No. 


Forshay,  Margaret  Ann.j  1220 

Forshay,  Maria 626 

Forshea,  Elizabeth 1  294 

Foster,  Enos !  1413 

Foster,  Isaac 1147 

Foster,  John 1414 

Fothergill.  George 222 

Fowler,  Elizabeth ,  3376 

Fowler,  Maria |  3401 

Fox,  Catharine 1  636 

Fox,  Edward ;  2402 

Fo.x,  Hannah    662 

Fox,  Lewis  2401 

Fox,  Margaret 810 

Fox,  Maria 635 

Francis,  Marion 3210 

Francisco,  Cornelius  . . .  1122 

Franz,  Catharine 2647 

Franz,  Jacobine 2498 

Franz,  John  Frederick. .  2885 

Franz,  Sophia \  3002 

Fraunces,  George  W...  200 

Frazee,  Myrtie |  3763 

Frazier,  George  AV 1317 

Frazier,  Jane  Ann    1316 

Frazier,  John  W 1488 

Frazier,  Rebecca 1454 

Frazier.  Sarah 1511 

Free,  Caroline ,  2907 

Freeland,  Aaron  M 920 

Freeland,  Ann   1428 

Freeland,  Jacob  R '■  701 

Freeland,  John 1430 

Freeland,  John 1597 

Freeland,  John  M 813 

Freeland,  Mary 1429 

Freeland,  Peggy 455 

Freeland,  Reuben 505 

Freeman,  Alexander. .. .  865 

Freeman,  Eliza  A 1  879 

Freeman.  Joseph 977 

Friedel,  Ida 2681 

Friedel,  Selma 2682 

Friedel,  Theophilus  ... .  2683 

Friedenfelt,  Wallg'th  R.  2787 

Frost,  Georgiana 2095 

Frost,  Theodore 1019 

Frost,  Sally  Ann 1021 

Friilingstradt,  August  . .  2807 

Friilingstradt,  John 2536 

Friiauf,  Charlotte 2912 

Friiauf,  George 2851 

Friiauf,  Justine 2852 

Fuhrer,  Harry [  3621 

Fuhrmann,  Henry  G 2607 

Gabel,  Jacob   [  3597 

Gackstadter,  Evaline...'  2684 

Gaisberg,  William  C. .. ,  2071 

Galatian,  Magdalen. .   ..  1593 

Galatian,  Samuel   W   ...  1467 

Galatian.  William   W...  1468 

Gallagher,  Henjamin   D.  2033 

Gallagher,  Theodore  H.  1818 

Gallagher,  William  E...  2034 

Gambel,  Frederick 2913 

Gardinier,  Margaret 693 

(iardner,  John 539 

Gardner,  Oscar  K 2652 

Gardner,  Thomas 586 


Name. 


Gardner,  Walter 

Garns,  Henrietta 

Garretson,  Charity 

Garretson,  John 

Garrison,  Jane 

Garrison,  Maria  

Garrison,  Simon 

Gaskin,  Abby 

Gaskin,  John 

Gaskin,  Maria 

Gaskin,  Sally  Ann 

Gaskin,  Susannah 

Gaskin,  William 

Gaston,  Susan  

Gaunt,  William 

Gave v, William  S 

Gayler,  Ellen  H 

Gayler,  Jessie 

Geddes,  William  E 

Geel,  Cornelius 

Genin,  Louis  E     

Genin,  Nancy  E 

Genin.  Thaddeus 

Gerdes,  Caroline 

Gerdes,  Dora 

Gerdes,  Elizabeth 

Gerdes,  Sophia 

Gerdes,  William   

Gerhauser,  Margaret  . . . 

Gerhauser,  Mary  A 

Gessner,  Angeline  S  .. 

Gibson,  Nancv 

Gibson,  Robert  H 

Giflfin,  Harry. 

Giffin,  Lillie 

Giffing,  Anna  M , 

Giffing,  Caroline , 

Giffing,  Isaac  A 

Giffing,  John  Ferguson 

Giffing,  John  D 

Giffing,  Sarah  Emily  .. 

Giffing,  William  C 

Giles.  Jennie  M 

Giraud,  George 

Glover,  Catharine 

Glover,  Charles 

Glover,  Eliza 

Glover,  Hester 

Glover,  Thomas 

Glover,  William 

Goetchius,  Clifford  L. . 
Goetchius,  Howard  B.. 

Goldsmith,  Sarah 

Good,  Catharine 

Good,  Joseph 

Good,  Mary  Ann 

Goodrich,  Sarah  A 

Goodrich,  William  H.  . 
Gordon,  Alexander.... 
Gordon,  Henry..   ..    .. 

Gordon,  Henry 

Gordon,  Jane 

Gordon,  Luanna 

Gordon,  Matilda 

Graf.  Ernst 

Graham,  .Augusta 

Graham.  John 

Grant,  Ella  B 

Grant,  John 

Grant,  John 


No. 

2637 

1285 

2152 

2638 

240 

'63 

152 

932 

431 

783 

669 

392 

558 

391 

3605 

3743 

2202 
2203 

3503 
3691 
2105 
2148 
2363 
28IS 
2940 
2816 
2817 
3096 
2057 
2058 
2335 
498 
2649 

37°o 
3701 
2273 
3757 
1972 
2083 

2274 

2350 

1973 
3609 
1 108 
986 
iiii 
547 
847 
711 
963 
3097 
2671 
1548 
3723 
3724 
3725 
2t6o 

948 

400 

401 
514 

196 
3II2 

424 

2685 

2941 
86 

3533 
46 
62 


224 


NAMES    OF   THE    SCHOLARS 


Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

1                    Name. 

No. 

Grassal,  George 

1689 

Hamje,  .\deline . 

3613 

i   Helmes,  Elizabeth 

323 

Grassal,  Henry 

2621 

Hamm,  Charles 

2735 

Helmes,  John 

386 

Grassal,  Louisa 

1690 

Hamm,  Louisa 

2736 

Helms,  Archibald  M'C 

017 

•575 

174 

Grau,  Michael    

3093 

l60T 

1   Haminel,  George 

Hammel,  Mary 

2687 
2823 

Helms,  Charles 

Gray,  Agnes  L.. 

Helms,  Cornelia 

Gray,  Hannah  T 

1589 

1590 
3644 
I76I 

1   Hammond.  Ann  Amelia. 
Hammond,  Caroline   ... 

Hammond,  Henry 

Hammond,  Latourette.. 

.263 
854 
997 

1063 

Helms,  Emily 

1576 

536 

'9 

3683 

Gray,  Isabella  W 

Gray,  Laura  E   

Gray,  Maria  T 

Helms,  Maria 

Helms,  Peter    

Hemmuigvvay,  Annie... 

Gray,  William  H 

I46I 

Hammond,  Sarah 

1226 

Hemmingway,  Charles. 

3713 

Grear,  William  J 

3420 

Hammond,  Theod.  A... 

2079 

Henderson,  Sarah 

3'55 

Green,  Catharine 

2089 

Hammond,  \^■illiam 

1237 

Henderson,  Samuel.    .. 

3098 

Greene,  Anna  M 

2686 

Hammond,  Washington. 

85s 

Henderson,  Thomas  ... . 

3004 

Greene,  Charles  E 

2374 

Hancke,  Katie 

3738 
2194 

Henderson,  William.... 

3156 
462 

Greene.  Ella  J 

2375 

Haniquet,  Charles 

Hendrickson,  John 

Greene,  Sarah  Louisa... 

2486 

i   Haniquet,  Louisa 

2195 

Hennessey,  John  S.  ... 

3571 

Greenham,  Joseph 

555 

Haniquet,  Virginia 

219-^ 

Henshaw,  Adele 

2914 

Greenham,  Willi  ira.  . .   . 

6q8 

Hanks.  Annie  D.  W   .. 

3306 

Henshavv,  Augustus 

2866 

Griffen,  Phebe 

2942 

Hanshe.  Grace 

2282 

Henshaw,  Sarah  L 

3537 

Griffen,   Sabina  K 

2943 
1462 
3226 

1   Harbeck,  Anna 

2622 
3499 
379  f 

Henshaw,  Vanderbilt. .. 
Henshaw,  Viola 

2867 
291S 
1868 

Griffith,  Joseph 

Griggs,  Emma 

Hard,  Emma  L 

Hardel,  Louisa 

Heppe,  Otto   

Grigss,  Jennie  May 

3528 

Hardenbrook,  William.. 

37 

Herbison,  Jennie 

3692 

Griggs.  Marv  J 

2880 

Hardie,  Susan 

1 169 

Herbst,  Frank  C.    

2688 

Grint,  Emma 

3277 

Hardie,  William 

3426 

Herbst,  William  F 

3614 

3278 
3470 
3478 
3748 

3702 

3663 
18.7 
1899 

Heron,  Daniel 

Herring,  Catharine 

Herring,  Charles  E 

3434 
1517 
1687 
647 

Griswold,  Myrlilla 

Groff,  Sebastian 

Grosen,  Elizabeth 

Haring,  Daniel  John. . . . 

Herring,  Edward 

Grosen,  John 

3749 

Haring,  Eliza 

1824 

Herring,  Eliza  

582 

Grosheim,  Bernard.   ... 

30°3 

Haring,  Henry 

1799 

Herring,  Frederick  .    ... 

501 

Grosheim,  Louisa  G.... 

3227 

Harman,  Henry 

2090 

Hesketh,  Joseph  H.    ... 

1800 

Gross,  Emma 

3235 

Harman,  Margaret 

2126 

I  Heunisch.  Emma 

2893 
2894 

Gross,  George 

3228 

Harper,  Angeline 

III2 

1  Heunisch,  Lena 

Gross,  John  F 

3196 

'   Harper,  Catharine 

1 177 

Heunisch,  Louisa 

2895 

2639 
2604 

12II 
1 129 

Hewlett,  George  B 

;  Hewlett,  James  L 

2836 

GruenewMld,  Charles... 

]   Harper,  John 

Gunn,  Agnes 

3634 
2031   1 

'   Harper,  Robert 

375 
1130 

Hewlett.  Nellie  B 

Heyer,  Catharine 

3622 
504 

Gurnee,  Ellen 

Harper,  William 

Gurnee.  Samuel 

552 

Harrington,  Washington 

1322 

Heyer,  Catharine 

609 

Gwynn,  Happy  H 

341 1 

Harris,  James 

1560 

Heyer,  Catharine  M  . . . . 

1357 

Harris,  Peggy 

672 

Hever,  Hannah 

242 

627 

Habenstein,  Charles... 

3794  i 

Harrison,  Horace  Moore 

384. 

Heyer,  Hannah 

Habenstein,  Wilhelm'a  . 

379°  1 
1490 

Harrison,  Walter 

3568 

Heyer,  Henry 

741 
921 

Hadden,  Thomas 

'   Harrison,  William     .    .. 

3645 

Heyer,  Margaret 

Hagelman,  Lizzie  B 

3254 

Haselrot.  Frederick 

3343 

Hever,  Maria 

S78 

Hahn,  Elizabeth 

1935 

Hasie,  Charles 

1986  ( 

Heyer,  Sarah  M 

1355 

Hahn, Jacob 

2088 

Hasie,  Montairue 

1987 

Hever,  Sophia     

191 

Hahn,  John 

2029 

Hatfield.  William 

605      : 

Heyer,  William  

296 

Hahn,  William 

2204 

Hatton,  Amelia 

3333 

Heyer,  William  G 

1356 

Hahner,  Edward  

382a  1 

Haulenbeck,  Almira 

1569 

Hickok,    Benjamin.. 

1869 

Hahner,  Elizabeth 

3823  ' 

Haulenbeck,  James  B.. 

1639 

Hickok,  Cordelia  A.    ... 

1848 

Haight,  Georgiana 

2290  1 

Haulenbeck,  Mary  F... 

1904 

Hickok,  Sarah  A 

1849 

Haight,  John  E.  B 

2221 

Haulenbeck,  William  H. 

1559 

Hicks,  Catharine 

881 

Haight,  Julia    

2275 

3236 

Hausin.  William 

Hawkins,  Zechariah 

2908 
1268 

Hicks,  Elsie 

Hicks,  Thomas 

978 
736 

Haight,  Willis  D 

Hall,  Charles  H 

1840  ; 

Hay,  John  T 

2769 

Higgins,  Charles 

571 

Hall,  Huldah 

1841  : 

Havnes,  Annett 

402 

Higgins,  William 

1631 
3750 
3826 

Hall,  John  W 

Hall,  Joseph  H 

3349 

2865  : 

34 
153 

Hildenbrand,  Lilly  .    ... 
Hildenbrand,  Samuel  . 

Hays,  Maria 

Hall,  Mary  Ann 

2231   1 

Ha V wood.  Eleanor  V.D. 

2580 

Hill,  Alfred 

3505 

Hall,  Mary  Anna 

Hall   Sarah   E.     . 

2763 
1842 
3152 

3'53 
3824 

Heacock,  William  C.  B. 

Hebron,  George 

Hedden,  Ann 

2308 
3395 

2557 

134 

2847 

Hill    George 

Halsey,  Edwin  B 

Hill,  George  A 

Halsey,  Josephine  R 

Hedden,  Anne 

623   ' 

Hill,  Jefferson 

1524 

Halsev,  Stephen  A 

Hedden,  Jennie  Adfele.. 

3357 

Hill,  John 

1047 

Halvorsen,  Charles 

3825 

Hedden. John 

773 

Hill,  John  Edmund 

2558 

Halvorsen,  Huldah    

3781 
3316 

Hedden,  William  ... 

Hill,  John  M   

'473 

Hamilton,  Elizabeth 

Heeder,  Henry 

3587 

Hill,  Kate 

2559 

Hamilton,  Isabella 

3154 

Helmes,  Charles 

215   1 

Hill,  Mary 

9°S 

IN    ALPHABETICAL    ORDER continued. 


225 


Name. 

No. 

Name. 
Horner,  Annie  M 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Hill,  Neilson 

1 163 

3255 

Jackson.  Harriet  E 

2487 

Hill,  Sally      

912 

Horton,  .Antoinette 

Horton,  Charles    

1801 
3529 

Jackson.  Harry 

Jackson.  Henrv 

2771 

Hill,  Sarah 

3308 

Hill.  Sarah  F 

2665 

Horton.  Lillie 

3530 

Jackson,  Henry  S 

2488 

Hill,  Sophia 

Hill,  Thomas 

2689 
1239 

3°'4 
2023 

3^>78 
2511 

Hotaling.  Harriet  A 

Jackson,  Lewis  F 

Hill,  William 

H15 
1448 

House.  Lillie  E     

Houseman.  Rosanna 

3764 
2432 

Jackson,  Peter  A.  H 

Jacobs,  Sarah 

Hill.  William  H 

3157 

Hill,  William  R 

3489 

Houston.  Henrv  L 

3015 

Jacobus.  Rachel 

226 

Milliard,  James 

1238 

Howe.  Anna   K.  U 

2625 

Jagels,  Anna 

33°9 

Hillisjer.  Christiana 

116 

Howe.  Robert  B   

2433 

Jagels,  Cathalina 

3237 

Hilliker,  Fanny 

Hilliker.  Sallv  Ann 

48s 
1048 

33'7 
3492 

Howell.  Hannah  I 

2S8l 

Janes,  Charles  H 

Hilliker.  Stephen 

67  ^ 

Hov.'ell.  Sarah   

2582 

Janes,  Josephine  A 

2512 

Hilliker,  William 

428 

Ho  wells.  Elizabeth 

3127 

Janes,  William  A 

2583 

Hillver,  John 

1476 

Howells.  Martha 

^128 

Jelfers,  Charles  D 

1221 

Hinds,  Joseph 

417 

Howells.   Rho.ia 

3129 

Jeffers,  Emeline 

1222 

Hinds,  Thomas 

475 

Howie.  \\'illiam     .    . 

3068 

Jeffers,  Harriet 

1223 

Hinman,  Amanda  M.  H. 

2623 

Howland.  Francis  H  .  . . . 

3594 

Jeffers,  Mary  E 

1224 

Hinman,  William  H..    .. 

2624 

Howland.  M'iUiam  W.. 

2096 

[  Jeffrev.  Marv  J 

2213 

Hinn,  Henrv..       

3359 

Howsey,  Elizabeth 

"7 

Jelliffe,  Samuel  G 

1734 

Hintze,  Annie  M 

3485 

Hovt,  Samuel  A 

3082 

Jenzer,  Arnold 

2746 

Hintze.  Arthur  K 

3588 

Hudson,  .Anna 

3827 

Jeroleman,  Charles 

I '99 

3435 
2127  1 

658 

Hitchcock,  James  R 

Hudson.  Mary  Ann 

759 

Jeroleman,  William  H.. 

1082 

Hitchcock    Wilbur  K 

3^23 
2234 

2403 
2404 

Jersey.  Hannah   

796 

Hoagland.  Anna  L 

Hues,  Henrv  L 

Johnson.  Amelia 

1871 

Hoagland,  Catharine  W. 

1806 

Huestis.  Hannah 

135 

Johnson.  George 

3242 

Hoagland,  M'illiani   H... 

1732 

Hughes,  Ella  L   

2509 

Johnson.  Maggie  H 

2251 

HofFacker.   Bernard 

2560 

'  Hughes,  Mary  A 

2510 

Johnson.  Martha 

1872 

Hoffacker.  Mary 

2561 

Hughton,  Viola 

3197 

Johnston,  Edward 

3828 

Hoffman,  Anna 

2405  1 

Hulett.  I'hebe 

71 

Johnston,  Samuel 

275 

Hoffman,  Charles  J  .    .   . 

2587 

Hulett.  Phebe 

367 

[oUie,  Elizabeth  P 

2471 

Hoffman.   George  C 

2406 

Hulick,  .Anna  L 

1870 

Jones,  Aaron      . . 

1323 

3099 
2429 
2653 

Hulick.  Lemmey 

Hunnenmurder,  Mary  .. 
Hum,  Abigail 

1770 
1658 
1747 

436 
3497 
288 

Hoffstaetter,  George .... 

Jones,  Catharine 

Hoffstaetter.  Jacob 

2813 

Hunter,  Ann 

1049 

Jones,  Catharine  E 

2159 

Hogenbruin.  John 

3339 

Hunter.  Fanny 

10  so 

Jones,  Charles  H 

2010 

Holgate.  Ella  H 

3216 

Hunter.  John 

ii6t 

Jones,  Charles  Parker.. 

3S'9 

Hurrell    Eulalie 

2434 
2435 
1109 

2317 

173 
46Q 

Jones,  Emma  G 

1836 

Hollowav.  John 

Huxlev,  Charles  C 

Jones.  Howard 

3069 

Holly   Samuel             

1 100 

IIOI 

3606 

957 
942 

lOIO 

Jones.  Isaac 

359 

Holly!  William 

Holmes.  .Annie  H 

Jones,  James  N 

Jones.  John  J 

lofg 

Huxlev.  William 

1829 

Holmes,  Maggie  A 

3615 

Huvler.  Abraham  L 

2368 

Jones,  Lucinda 

1843 

Holskampfer.  Dirck 

1727 

Huvler.  Henrietta  H 

2097 

Tones,  Marv  Ann   

2808 

Holstein,  Fritz 

3005 
3640 

Huyler.  James  S  

Huvler.  Mary  F 

2212 
2098 

Jones,  Mary  L 

tones,  Marv  L  

1762 

Holt,  George  E 

2318 

2301 
2974 

2666 
2654 

Jones,  Peter 

Jones,  Sarah  K. ..... .    . 

1070 

Homan,  Jessie  A 

Hyatt.  Fanny 

■763 

2302 
1068 

Hyde,  Emma  J 

2336 
1371 
684 

Jones.  Stephen 

1830 

Hone.  John  V.  A 

Hopper,  Andrew 

Jones.  William  

1324 

595 

Hver,  John  F 

Jones,  William  D 

1754 

Hopper,  Calvin 

2131 

Hyne,  Charles  H 

2245 

Jordan,  Caroline  E 

2626 

Hopper,  Clarissa 

Hopper,  Cornelius  A... 

1008  1 

2164 
2.6, 

Jordan,  Eleanor  N 

2319 

2161   i 

Hyne,  Mary 

Jordan.  Louis  C.  Levin. 

2262 

Hopper.  Edward 

1009 

Jordan.  Marv  H.  S 

2407 

Hopper.  Jacob 

96 

In-graham.  Archibald... 

3848 

Jordan,  \\  illiam  B.  M... 

2261 

Hopper.  James  F.  F. . . . 
Hopper,  Margaret 

2309 
3184 

3646 
3241 

junior.  Patience 

1202 

Inslee,  Elizabeth 

Just.  James 

3158 

Hopper,  Martha 

SI 

Inslee,  Hannah  A 

3320  1 

Hopper.  Mary 

Hopper.  Matthew 

3185 
«7 

I  vers.  May  M 

3809  ! 

1 

Kahi..  Martin 

3243 

Kahrs.  Henrv 

3474 

Hopper.  Peter  F 

2848 

Jackson,  Abigail   H 

2770 

Kaske.  \\  illi'am     

37<^3 

Hopper,  Rachel  J 

1549 

Jackson.  Adrian 

3307 

Kaufmann,  Henry 

3589 

Hopper.  Sarah  C 

1550 

Jackson,  Charles   

3377 

Kaylor.  Isaac 

1436 

Hoppert,  Albert 

2430 

Jackson,  Edward 

2818 

Ke.ly.  John  A  

1151 

Hoppert,  Pauline 

2431 

Jackson,  Esther  H 

2588  . 

Keller,  Antoinette 

•974 

226 


NAMES    OF   THE    SCHOLARS 


Natne. 


Keller,  Louis 

Kellv,  Anna 

Kelly,  Charles  J 

Kelly,  James 

Kelly,  John 

Kelly,  Sarah 

Kelsey,  Sarah  M 

Kemp,  William  M 

Kennar,  Charles 

Kennar,  Kate 

Kerr,  John  C 

Kerr,  Margaret  S 

Kesselem,  Catharine.... 
Ketchum,  Jno.  Winslow 
Kettleman,  Catharine... 
Kettleman,  George  W.. 

Kettleman,  John  J 

Kettleman,  Maria 

Keyser,  Catharine 

Kevser,  Henry 

Kidd,  Charles  W 

Kidd,  Isabella 

Kidd,  Peter  E 

Kiefer,  Charles 

Kiersted,  Henry  T 

Kiersted,  James 

Kiersted,  Luke 

Kills,  Polly   

Kimball,  Mary 

King,  Aaron 

King,  Abraham 

King,  Andrew 

King,  Gertrude 

King,  Gilbert 

King,  Gitty 

King,  Hannah 

King,  Harman 

King,  Herman  B 

King,  Jacob 

King,  James  L 

King,  Jane . . 

King,  Nicholas 

King,  Peter  Wilson 

King,  Rachel 

King,  Susan 

King,  William 

Kint,  Catharine 

Kint,  Jeremiah   .... 

Kint,  Nathaniel  

Kip,  Araminta 

Kip,  Harriet 

Kip,  Hubert 

Kip,  James 

Kip,  Nicholas 

Kircheis,  Alexander  F 
Kircheis,  Charles  A.. .  . 
Kircheis,  Emma  L. .    . 

Kircheis,  Louis  P . 

Kircheis,  Mary  M...    . 
Kircheis,  William  H..  . 

Kirchner,  Ameao 

Kirchner,  Henry 

Kirk,  Samuel 

Kirke,  Alexander  O... 

Kitchell,  Andrew 

Kitchell,  Eliza 

Kitchell,  Isaac   

Klauberg,  Frances  ^^. 
Klauberg,  Frederick  L 
Kline,  Elizabeth  W.  ... 


No. 


1640 
1615 
464 
342 
292 
1920 
2059 
2562 
2563 
3544 
3545 
3070 
3829 
1873 
1724 

1534 
1641 

2713 
1372 
2326 
2436 

2437 
1850 
362 

139 
6 

479 

3684 

629 

447 

473 

3844 

60 

607 

413 

67 

1057 

137 

"39 

437 

1178 

1125 

334 

671 

107 1 

715 

543 

365 

1999 

1212 

n 

"57 

1213 

1975 

1976 

2564 

201 1 

2565 

1977 

2706 

2707 

3421 

3803 

372 

302 

420 

2549 
2550 
1989 


Na7ne. 


Kline,  Lewis  A 

Kline,  Margaretta  ..  . 
Kloepfer,  Christine. . . 
Kloepfer,  Louisa  .. .    . 

Knapp,  August 

Knapp,  David  A 

Knapp,  Jonathan 

Knapp,  William 

Knauber,  John 

Kneringer,  Elizabeth. 
Kneringer,  Julia  A.. . . 
Kneringer,  Matthias  . 
Kneringer,  Sarah. 

Kn 

Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 
Kn 


ickerbocker,  Benner, 
:myer,  Fred'k  W. . 

iffen,  Hannah 

iffen,  Jane 

iffen,  Robert 

ht,  Charles  P 

ight,  George 

ight,  John 

ight,  John  L 

;ht,  Josephine  E. . .. 

;ht,  Leola 

;ht,  Thomas 

fht,  William 

Knobloch,  Anna 
Knobloch,  Washington. 

Knowd,  Charles 

Knowd,  Sarah  A 

Knox,  Margaret  ...... 

Knox,  Samuel    

Knuchel,  Bertha  

Kockler,  Margaret 

Koeirs,  Eliza 

Koeirs,  John 

Koeirs,  Polly 

Koeirs,  William 

Koeker,  Louisa 

Koeker,  William 

Kohl,  Augusta 

Kolb,  Elizabeth 

Kolb,  Samuel 

Kortright,  Daniel 

Kortright,  Ellen 

Kortright,  Nicholas..    . 

Kostar,  William  D 

Kracke,  Frederick  H... 

Krechting,  John  P 

Kroll,  Charles  G   

Kronvall,  Ida  T 

Kruse,  Henrietta 

Kuhn,  Amelia 

Kuhn,  Charles. . .    

Kuhn,  David 

Kuhn,  Emil 

Kuhn,  Louisa 

Kuhn,  Margaretta 

Kuhn,  William 

Kuntz,  Barbara 

Kuntz,  Jacob 

Kuntz,  Louisa . . 

Kurz.  Henrv 

Kyle,  David 

Ladd,  Abraham  Wilson 

La  Forge,  Fanny  A 

La  Forge,  John  A 

Lake,  John  B 

Lake,  William  H 


1990 
335° 
3351 
2916 
3534 
1148 
2917 
2969 
1158 
"93 
1 102 
1225 
985 
2975 

249 
517 
289 
2364 
2438 
2513 
1764 
2886 
3244 
3416 
3310 
3538 
3539 


3795 

3796 

3830 

2798 

723 

913 

667 

722 

1969 

1978 

332S 

3186 

3187 

432 

435 

340 

3417 

3797 

2252 

3436 

3758 

3083 

3159 

3160 

3540 

3387 

3161 

3616 

3162 

2409 

2408 

2439 

3595 

1714 

2499 

3531 
809 
1172 
1 165 


Name. 


Lamberson,  Cornel's  V 
Lamberson,  David  W^.. 
Lamberson.  James  M. . 

Lammers.  Edward 

Lammers,  Elizabeth    . . 

Lammers,  Emma 

Lammers,  ^Villiam. .    .. 

Lamoureau.  Delia 

Lander,  Charles 

Lane,  Daniel 

Lane,  Elijah 

Lang,  Clara 

Lang,  Lena 

Lang,  Matilda    

Langdon,  Charlotte.... 

Langdon,  Cornelia 

Lange,  Anna 

Lange,  Clara 

Lange,  Ida  

Larkins,  Ellen  M 

Latham,  Francis  S  .... 
Latschar,  Christian.    .. 

Latschar,  Mary 

Laver,  Henry        

Laverty,  .\gnes 

Laverty,  Elizabeth 

Lavertv,  John 

Laverty,  Joseph 

Lawrence,  Abraham... 

Lawrence,  Jane 

Lawrence,  John 

Lawrence,  Mary 

Lawrence,  Robert  B 

Lawrenz,  Anna  , 

La wrenz,  Eliza    , 

Lawson,  Ann  Elizabeth 

Lawson,  Caspar  N , 

Lawson,  Charlotte 

Lawson,  Clementine.... 

Lawson,  Edward  W 

Lawson,  George  W 

Lawson,  Lydia 

Lawson,  Miller 

Layman,  Alexander. 

Layman,  Alexander  . . . , 
Layman,  Harriet  L.     . 

Layman,  Sophia 

Layman,  Susannah 

Layman.  William 

Leach,  George 

Leaycraft.  John 

Le  Blanc,  Louis. .    . 

Lee,  Horace    

Lee,  Ida  A 

Lee,  Letitia 

Lee,  Oliver 

Lefferts,  Anna 

Lefferts,  Beniamin 

Lefferts,  Edward  E 

Lefferts,  John  B 

Lefferts,  Lydia  Ann  . . . . 
Lefferts,  Lydia  Ann  ... 

Lefferts,  Harriet 

Lefferts,  Mary 

Lefferts,  Sarah  M 

Lefferts,  William  H.  ... 

Lefman,  Albert 

Lefman,  Amelia 

Lefman,  Emma 

Lefman,  George  W 


IN    ALPHABETICAL    ORDER — continued. 


227 


Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Letman,  Robert  L 

2166 

Love,  Elmer 

3694 

McDougal,  Matilda  J... 

V88 

33" 
2902 

949 
38 

McEown,  Joseph  T.... 
McEvoy,  Mary  E 

2963 

Lehmkuhl,  Araminlh  B.. 

Low,  Jane 

2526 

Lehmkulil,  Chas.  E.  C. 

2903 

Low,  John  J 

1152 

McGowan,*.\nna 

2837 

Lehmkuhl,  George  H.  .. 

2 '97 

Lowe,  Margaret 

1814 

McGowan,  Benjamin  F. 

2838 

Lehmkuhl,  John  W   

2380 

Lowe,  Mary 

2530 

McGowan,  Edward 

2846 

lehmkuhl,  Margaret  C. 

2351 

Lownds,  Cornelius  V.  C. 

2277 

McGregor,  (ara  L. .    .. 

2136 

LeipoUl.  Robert  H.  T... 
Leith,  Nicholas 

2167 
3344 

Lowry,  Charles 

2381 
2410 

McGregor,  Malfcolm 

McGuire,  Philip  

2775 

Lowry,  George  E 

419 

Lent,  Jane 

262 

Lovvrv,  Mary  F 

2480 

McGwyer,  Fanny 

266 

Leonard,  Charles 

2985 

Lowry,  Sarah  E 

2327 

McGwyer,  John 

293 

Leonard,  Frederick  K.. 
Leonard,  Jacob 

3360 
49 

Lucken,  Christopher.... 
Lucken,   Henry 

3356 
3362 

477 
3113 

Mcllvaine,  Elizabeth  J.. 

Lester,  Andrew 

3361 

Lucken,  Rebecca 

3363 

Mcllvaine,  George 

3345 

Letts,  Eleanor 

725 

Ludlam,  George 

2491 

Mclntire,  Jesse  Annan.. 

3849 

234 

2067 

706 

3256 

259s 
1116 

McKay,  Francis  A 

McKee,  Gertrude 

McKee,  Mary 

1939 

Lutz,  Philip 

2752 

Lewis,  John  M 

Lyman,  Christian  B 

2667 

Lewis,  Leonard 

82 

Lyman,  John  H.  L 

1117 

McKee,  Nathaniel 

2655 

Lewis,  Leonard 

378 

Lyman,  Joseph  E 

3535 

McKee,  Samuel  B 

2690 

3572 
2960 
2799 
3438 
3493 

Lynch,  Adaline 

1034 
1035 
1653 
•073 
3810 

McKee,  Susan   

2691 

Libby,  William  H 

McKee,  Thomas  W 

McKibbin,  Charles  C. . . 
McKibbin,  Charlotte  ... 
McKibbin,  George  A... 

2039 

Lynch,  Peter 

2236 

1674 

Liiider,  Frederica 

Lyon,  Bertha  E 

1693 

Linder,  Johanna 

3163 
2740 
3164 

3016 

1075 

1207 

1789 

90 

McKibbin,  John 

McKinney,  Alpheus 

i  McKinney,  Anna 

McKinney,  Claude 

'675 

Lyon,  Eleanor  S 

2714 

2692 

Lindsey,  John  W 

Lvon,  Michael 

3766 

Linkroum,  Courtlandt.. 

3084 

Lyon,  Rachel  D 

1074 

McKinney,  George 

bg 

Liptert,  Elizabeth 

3°4i 

Lyon,  Robert  S 

1227 

McKinney,  George  E. .. 

2693 

Liptert,  George 

2722 

Lyons,  Jefferson  W... 

1673 

McKinnev,  Helen  J 

2694 

Lippincott,  Altred  B 

1691 

Lvons,  Sarah  W   

1683 

McKinney,  John  A 

2820 

Lippincott,  H^benezer  W. 

1598 

Lyster,  Georgia 

3071 

McKinnev,  Margaret  A. 

2444 

Lippincott,  Edward  E.. 

1599 

McLaren,  Agnes  J 

2776 

Lippincott,  Henry 

1600 

McAdoo,  Elizabeth  R.. 

'755 

McLeod,  David  Adrian. 

3291 

Lippold,  Frederick  A. . . 
Lippold,  Henry  F 

2751 
2187 

McAdoo,  Margaret  A... 
McAdoo,  Sarah  J 

1756 
1757 

2978 

McMekin,  William  J 

2979 

Litchhult,  Catharine 

692 

McAleese,  Daniel 

2627 

1  McMichael,  Carrie 

3590 

Littell,   Bloomfield 

Little,  Helen  A 

2524 
2226 

2589 
2614 

McNeal,  John 

McAleese,  William 

McNeil,  Emma. 

3073 

Little,  Lucy  J 

2490 
2726 

McArdle,  Catharine 

McArdle,  Mary . 

2134 
2'35 

!   McNeil,  I^rances 

McNeil,  Harriet  L 

3074 

Littlepage,  Urania  .... 

3364 

Livingston,  William  A.. 

35';2 

McArthur,  Martha 

3044 

McPherson,  Anna  M... 

1941 

Lloyd,  Joseph  F 

2789 

McBride,  Abraham 

720 

McPherson,  Donald  . . . 

1942 

Locke,  Frederick 

527 

McBride,  Irving 

775 

McPherson,  John 

'943 

Locke,  Henry  Louis.... 

2525 

McBride,  Sallv  A 

987 

McPherson,  John  D... 

'255 

Locke,  Thomas  H 

597 
2442 

2443 

McBride    Walter 

643 
3334 
3059 

McCabe,  Anna  E 

McCabe,  William 

Mabie,  Andrew  E 

Mabie,  Ann  E 

'794 

Locke.  Mary  C 

2162 

Lock  wood,  Alonzo 

33'2 

McCain,  Elizabeth 

1855 

.  Mabie,  Cornelius 

'795 

Lockwood,  Charles.   . . 

3782 

McCain,  John 

1808 

Mabie,  Henry  P 

1970 

Lock  wood,  Emma  E... 

3279 

McCain,  Mary 

1837 

Mabie,  Richard 

2084 

Lockwood,  John 

35'° 

McCarthy.  Annetta.   ... 

2481 

Mabie,  Samuel  H 

2596 

Logan,  Anna 

'495 

McCarty,  Charles  R... 

2727 

Mabie,  Sarah 

2597 

Logan,  Ida 

2774 

McClenachan,  Emily  .. . 

3060 

Mabie,  William  H 

2598 

1496 
2887 

McClenachan,  Lilian  P. 
McGluskey.  Esther 

3017 
3'98 

Machett,  Charles  E... 
Mackev,  Ella 

1083 

Lord,  David  S 

3598 

Lord,  Francis 

2904 

McCowan,  Hannah 

3734 

Magonigle,  Charles  E. .. 

'443 

Lord,  William  H 

2888 

McCowan,  John 

376s 

Magonigle,  John   Henry 

1444 

Loromer,  Cornelia..    ... 

1964 

McCracken,  .\nna 

3094 

Magonigle,  Mary 

ib33 

1965 

2944 

645 

3'5 

McCreery,  William 

767 

3439 
3061 

3553 

Mahrenholz,  August 

Mallon    John  H.         

3698 

Losee,  Mary  Frances... 

3582 
1665 

McCrum,  Ruth  C 

McCrwm,  William  S 

Mandeville,  David  W.  .. 
Mandeville,  Edward.   .. 

Losey,  Sarah 

1661 

[,()sey,  Thomas 

807 

McCulloch,  Lewis  R 

2545 

Mandeville,  Elizabeth  .. 

1529 

I.osey,  William 

454 

McDonald,  Jeremiah 

3072 

Mandeville,  Ellen 

1668 

I-ounsbcrry,  Josephine. 

2961 

McDonald,  Mary 

843 

Mandeville,  Elmira 

1649 

Love,  Alexander 

1423 

McDonald,  William 

973 

Mandeville,  Emeline 

2352 

Love,  (Jharles 

1485 

1   McDougal,  Duncan 

>3 

,  Mandeville,  Hannah  A.. 

1530 

228 


KaMes  of  the  scholars 


Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Mandeville,  Henr'tta  E. 

Mandeville,  James  B 

Mandeville,  ^'ary  C 

Mandeville,  Millard 

Mandeville,  Sophronia  1 

E.  F 1 

Mandeville,  Thomas 

3006 

2353 
1692 

2354 

1579 

1782 

1607 

1330 

3546 

794 

979 

678 

908 

641 

758 

808 

3199 

2253 

2214 

423 
1684 
1609 

980 
3042 

882 

3583 
2263 

1731 
1771 

3043 
2355 
3804 
2024 
2025 
380s 
3767 
2303 
2527 
48 
211 
3554 
3555 
3569 
2232 

22t7 

3280 

2235 

3440 

1825 

198 

1852 

177s 

1718 

3229 

2628 

2640 

3728 

2278 

1465 

3007 

1464 

828 

142 

370 

780 

2185 

158 

287 

1463 

Meadon,  Ada  

Meeker,  Kitty  C 

3388 
981 
1388 
3768 

3599 
3610 
1735 
•736 
2382 
2383 
3075 
1997 

171 
1703 
1704 
1875 
2821 
1570 
1571 
2551 
1572 
1573 
2728 
2500 
2814 
3704 
3365 
3769 

229 
2753 
3525 
36'7 
16 
109s 
3580 

867 
2918 

666 
2445 
1166 
1096 
1 1 67 

124 

2945 

2574 

474 
2656 
2919 

1.54 
2897 
2927 
2343 
3573 
3591 
1247 
1507 
1424 
IS08 
1676 

1459 

1509 

1466 

2180 

2296 

3107 

565 

258 

439 

3845 

1359 

Mooney,  Manoah 

135B 
1802 

•553 
3200 
1807 
■2■^■2^ 

3201 
1497 

922 

2228 

Meeks,  Charles 

Meiers,  Julia 

Meigs,  Catharine  H 

Melvin,  Frederick 

Melvin,  Mortimer 

Menoes,  Josephine 

Moore,  John  T 

Moore,  Letitia 

Moore,  Mary  A 

Moore,  Mary  E. . . . 

Marchand,  Julia 

Merritt,  Edward 

Merritt,  Julia  E 

Meshet,  Frederick 

Metnich.  Henry 

Metnich,  Jacob 

Metzgar,  John  V 

Meyer,  Clara      

Mickens,  Elizabeth  A... 

Mickens,  George  T 

Mickens,  George  W 

Mickens,  Rachel  A. 

Mickens,  Sarah  C 

Miles,  Robert  J 

Miles,  Stephen  E 

Miller,  Christina   B 

Miller,  Edith 

Morfey,  Fredwood 

Morrell,  Emma     

Morrell,  Robert  N 

Morris,  Catharine 

Morris,  Eleanor 

Morris,  Eleanor 

Morris,  Florence  V...    . 
Morris,  Francis 

Marinus,  Deborah 

Marinus,  Henry 

2348 
2349 

1351 

Marinus,  Maria 

Marinus,  Thomas 

281 

2306 
1085 

2384 

1 1 40 

I23I 

"94 
1325 
1270 
2304 
1 192 
85 
2328 
1084 

IDS 
2329 
2657 

3647 
1269 
3600 
3422 
3062 
1425 

2i68 
2169 
2566 
2472 
2515 
2473 
2516 
1418 
223 
2839 
37'4 
3715 
31.4 
3046 
2708 
3716 
1891 
1086 

Marreiiner,  Edward 

Marrenner,  James  H 

Marschalk,  Francis  A... 

Marseilles,  Adrian 

Marseilles,  John 

Morris,  Helen  D   

Morris,  Isaac 

Morris,  Jacob 

Morris,  Jane  E 

Morris,  John 

Morris,  John  j 

Morris,  Louis  C.  I 

Morris,  Mary  Ann 

Morris,  Rachel 

Morris,  Robert  S 

.Marsh,  Charles  B 

Marsh,  John  A 

Miller,  Fannv 

Miller,  Flora' Helen 

Miller,  George 

Miller,  George 

Miller,  George  S 

Miller,  Hattie 

Miller,  Isaac  

Miller,  Isaac 

Miller,  Jennie  B 

i  Miller,  John 

Miller,  John 

Miller,  Joseph 

j   Miller,  Martin          .     . . 

Miller,  Peter 

Miller,  Sarah 

Miller,  Sarah  Ann 

Marshall,  Delia 

Marshall,  Jesse  D.  W... 

Martin,  Ale.xander  H... 

Martin,  Charles 

Martin,  Doretta 

Martin,  Eliza  J 

Morris,  William 

Morris,  William 

Morris,  William 

Morns,  William  N 

Morse,  Jennie 

Martin.  Ellen 

Mortimer,  P"rederick.. 

Moss,  James  R 

Mott,  Emma  J 

Mott,  Sarah  C 

Martin.  William  V 

Martine,  Charles 

Martling.  Robert 

Mount,  Andrew 

Mount,  Kate  M 

Mount,  Lydia 

Mount,  Margaret  A 

Mount,  Robert  W..    .. 

Mount,  Sarah  M 

Moweson,  Mary     

Muir,  James  P 

Muir,  Maggie  J 

1  Muir,  Thomas  D.  W.... 

!  Munn,  Edward   F 

'  Munn,  Emma  P 

Munn,  Regina  V 

1  Munroe,  Sadie 

1  Munson,  Charles  R.    ... 

1  Munson,  George 

'  Munson,  George  E 

Murray,  William 

Murvihill,  Fanny 

Mustin,  Herbert  S 

Martyn,  Sarah  A 

Mason,  Anna  Melissa... 

Mason,  (ieurge 

Mason,  George  H 

Mason.  Hannah 

Mills,  George  V 

Mills,  Luther 

Mills,  Samuel  H 

Miner,  Andrew 

>Iiner,  James 

Mattass.  Robert    

Mauri.  Julia  CM 

Maverick,  Samuel 

Maverick.  William  H.  .. 
Maxwell.  William 

Miner,  Morton  F 

Minor,  Jacob 

Miranda,  George  B... 

Miranda,  Robert  R 

Mitchell,  Mary 

Moffat,  Elijah 

Mayer,  Sophia  J 

Maver,  William 

Moffat,  Isaac  L 

IVIoffat,  Janet 

1892 

1265 

2297 

3739 

Mayerean,  Louisa  A.... 
Mead,  Abraham  R 

Moffat,  John 

Moffat,  Lucy  G 

Moffat,  Margaret 

Moffat,  Mary 

Moir,  Archibald  S 

Moir,  Elizabeth 

Monfort,  Samuel  S 

Montanj'e,  Abraham.... 

Montanye,  Isaac 

Montanye,  William 

Montrose,  Elizabeth   ... 
Mooney,  Frederick.    ... 

Mead,  David  V.  N 

Mead,  Henry 

Mead,  John 

Mead,  John 

Mead,  John. 

Mead,  John  W.   ..   . 

Myers,  Andrew  H 

Myers,  Andrew  W 

Myers,  Ann  Eliza 

Myers,  Cornelia 

Myers,  Cornelius 

Myers,  Cornelius  V, 

;  Myers,  Cornelius  F 

Myers,  Cornelius  P 

1  Myers,  David 

S6i 

i3°7 

1592 

5° 

4.59 
560 
1313 
1306 
33 

Mead.  Mary 

Mead,  Peter 

Mead,  Peter 

tti  ALPMAfiEtiCAL  ORDER — conlinued. 


iig 


Name. 


Myers,  David 

Myers,  Edward 

Myers,  Edward 

Myers,  Edward  S 

Myers,  Elizabeth 

Myers,  Eva 

Myers,  Gabriel  D 

Myers,  Harriet 

Myers,  Henry 

Myers,  Isaac  H 

Myers,  James 

Myers,  James 

Myers,  John     

Myers,  Jottn  H" 

Myers,  John  J 

Myers,  I.avinia 

Myers,  Martin 

Myers,  Mary  F 

Myers,  Sarah  J 

Myers,  William  E 

Myers,  William  H 

Nack,  Catharine 

Nack,  Eleanor 

Nack,  Experience  F... 

Nack,  James  M 

Nack,  Mary 

Nack,  Rinier 

Navin,  James 

Navin,  Jane 

Neal,  Wilhelmina 

Nebel,  Louis 

Nelson,  Catharine 

Nelson,  Mary  E 

Nelson,  Sophia 

Nevius,  Simeon  H 

Newbrunner,  William  . 

Newell,  Charles  A 

Newell,  Frank 

Newkirk,  George  W... 

Nicholas,  Henry 

Nicholas,  John 

Nicholson,  Elsie  J..    .. 
Nicholson,  Thomas  D.  / 

W \ 

Nick,  Jacob 

Nickerson,  Frank 

Nickerson,  Prince  Wm 
Nielson,  Fred'k  H.  R... 

Nielson,  I.udwig 

Nielson,  Martha 

Niemann,  Mary 

Nodine,  Mary  Ann 

Noice,  Edward  H 

Noice,  Walter  R 

Nollman,  Annie 

Nollman,  (Charles 

Nollman,  George 

Nollman,  Mary 

Nollman,  William 

Nollman,  U'illiam 

Norbery,  l.ily 

Norbury,  Samuel 

Norman,  Lyilian  E..   . 

Norris,  Agnes 

Norris,  Elizabeth 

Norris,  Julia  P 

Norris,  Margaret 

Norris,  Sarah  M 

Norris,  William  C 


No. 


703 

92 

936 

1602 

47 
2501 
2207 

699 
3022 
.286 

103 

178 
'305 

903 
1445 
1312 

779 
1379 
1772 

1783 
1642 

491 
412 
746 

8l2 

339 
590 

934 

933 

1758 

2994 

3648 

2980 

3649 

798 

1876 

3664 

3696 

3257 

146 

224 

171S 

1773 
2106 
3379 
3380 
3850 
3851 
3852 
2049 
•634 
3574 
3676 
2658 
2659 
2747 
2765 
2660 
2748 
3217 
1 179 
2794 
J5'3 
«S3« 
2348 
I5«4 
2350 
2237 


Name. 


Odeli.,  Emma  L 

Odell,  William  M 

Oelbermann,  Augustus. 

Oerter,  Samuel  J   

Officer,  Letitia 

Orticer,  Sarah   A 

Ohlandt,  Christian 

Okie,  Hhebe    

Oliver,  Ida 

Olmstead,  Louise  B 

Olmsted,  Ann  Maria... 

Olmsted,  Jane  E 

Olmsted,  James  H 

Olmsted,  John 

Olmsted,  Mary  M 

Oman,  Mary 

Onderdoiik,  Asa 

Onderdonk,  Garrit. .  . . 

O'Neil,  Lillian 

Ooms,  Henry 

Oram,  Jane  A 

Orton,  Annie  D 

Osborne,  Benjamin  .   .. 

Osborne,  Charles 

O'Shea,  Francis  A.  K. . 

O'Shea,  Mary 

Oslerday,  Charles 

Ostrom,  Julia 

Ottignon,  Alice 

Ottignon,  Claudius  .... 

Ottignon,  Mary  F 

Outwater,  \\'illiam 

Overocker,  Helen  L. . .  . 

Overocker,  .Mary  E 

Overschullz,  Mary 

Overschultz,  Rebecca. . 

Owens,  Benjamin 

Owens,  Mary  L 


Packek,  Ann  W 

Packer,  Jane 

Page,  Clara 

Page,  Eugenia       

Page,  Sarah   E 

Paine,  Asa  H 

Palmer,  John  H 

Palmer,  Peter  

Park,  John 

Park,  Margaret 

Parker,  Frank 

Parker,  Garrit 

Parker,  Henrietta 

Parker,  Julia  M 

Parker,   Laura 

Parker,  Margaret   .... 
Parkinson,  Randolph. 

Parsel,  Edwin 

Parsons,  John  H 

Parsons,  Margaret  A.. 

Parsons,  Peter  N 

Pasco,  Charles  E 

Pasco,  George  R 

Pasco,  Isabella  E 

Pasco,  Marion  L 

Pasco,  Ruth . . 

Pasman,  Francis 

Patersoii,  Edward  W. 
I'aterson,  Frank   .... 

Patersoii,  Matilda 

Paterson,  Robert  A... 


No. 


2858 
257s 
1918 
2695 
3018 
2995 
3258 
2330 
2996 

3677 
1505 

1554 
•332 
1333 
1381 
3218 
568 
761 


2238 

3624 

88 

193 
3023 
3281 
2997 
2154 
2045 
2046 
2047 
3366 
3783 
3770 
1776 

1777 
3165 
3166 

1076 

837 
2946 
26-.>9 
3024 

3556 
1900 

1933 
1141 
3389 
2149 
696 
2132 

2133 
215O 

519 
1604 
1215 
1526 
1527 
1528 
3475 
3.167 
3625 
3368 
3811 

988 
2630 
2661 
2631 
263a 


Name. 


Patterson,  Augustus  F. 

Patterson,  Robert  I 

Patten,  Frank  E 

Paulison,  Paul 

Payne.  Samuel 

Peabodv,  Alfred 

Peabod'y,  Ella 

Pearce,  George  D 

Peek,  Eben  M 

Peek,  Emily 

Peek,  George  W 

Peek,  Henry 

Peek,  Margaretta 

Pelham,  Alfred 

Penny, John     

Penson,   Abraham 

Penson,  Henry  H 

Perkins,  Emma  J 

Perkins,  Emma  W 

Perkins,  Joseph 

Perkins,  Maria  E 

Perlback,  Adolph 

Perlback,  Ferdinand... 

Perrine,  Frances 

Perrine,  Juli^i 

Peters,  Anna 

Peters.  Anthony  J 

Peterson,  Edward 

Peterson,  Sarah. 

Pettiner,  Daniel 

Pettiner,  James 

Pettiner,  John 

Pettiner,  Joseph 

Pettiner,  .Matthew   . . .  . 
Pettiner,  William  H... 

Pettinger,  James 

Pettinger,  Phillip 

Pettinger,  Richard 

Pfeffer,  Catharine.   ..    . 
Phelps,  Augustus  E.   . . 

Phillips,  Esther 

Phillips,  James 

Phillips,  Thomas 

I'hilp,  Frederick 

Phister,  George 

Pierce,  Arthur  VV' 

Pine,  Charles  H 

Pine,  Samuel 

Pine,  William  T 

Pitman,  Frances  J 

Pitman,  James  M 

Pitman,  Lucy  A 

Pitman,  Samuel 

Pitman,  William  J 

Place,  Jane 

Place,  John 

Planten,  Herman 

Planten,  Peter 

Plate,  ("aroline 

Plate,  Elizabeth 

Piatt,  Abraham 

Piatt,   Richard 

Porter,  Elizabeth 

Porter,  Esther  G 

Porter,  Georgiana..    .. 

Porter,  John 

I'orter.  Julia 

Porter,  .Mary 

I'orter,  Mary  E 

Possien,  Charles 


i^o 


NAMES    OF   THE    SCHOLARS 


Name. 


Post,  Adrian 

Post,   Albert  

Post,  Alexander 

Post,  Ann   B 

Post,  Elizabeth 

Post,  Frederick 

Post,  Gideon -. 

Post,  Henry 

Post,  Jacob 

Post,  John 

Post,  John 

Post,  Josephine 

Post,  Mary  Adelaide..  . . 

Post,  Richard 

Post,  Sarah  Ann 

Potts,  Benjamin  E 

Powell,  Emily  B 

Powis,   Craig 

Powles,  Eupheraia 

Powles,  Henry 

Powles,  Jacob 

Powles,  James  E 

Powles,  John. 

Powles,  John 

Powles,  Margaretta 

Pray,  George 

Presler,  Charles 

Preusser,  John  E.  R 

Price,  Reuben 

Price,  Samuel 

Prierea,  Emanuel  J 

Prierea,  Mary  Ann 

Prince,  Benjamin 

Prinzensing,  Catharine.. 

Prindle,  Sara  L 

Pringle,  Isabella 

Prins,  Hillgondas 

Prins,  Joachin  M 

Prins,  Johanna 

Pryibil,  Pauline, 

PuUis,  Abraham 

Pullis,  Sarah  E 

Pullis,  Tunis 

Pullis,   William .... 

Purdy,  Caroline 

Purdy,  Catharine  W 

Purdy,  Charles 

Purdy,  Elizabeth 

Purdy,  Ella 

Purdy,  Isaac  T 

Purdy,  James  W 

Purdy,  John 

Purdy,  Josephine 

Purdy,  Luke 

Purdy,  William 

QuACKENBUSH,  James... 
Uuackenbush,  James  N. 

Quackenbush,  John 

yuackenbush.     Law-    | 

rence  f 

Quackenbush,  Maria.... 
Quackenbush,  Samuel.. 

Quereau,  Abigail  J 

Ouereau,  Hannah  W 

Quereau,  John 

Quereau,  John   

Ouereau,  Philip 

yuereau,  William 

Quick,  Isabella 


No. 


1561 
603 
271 
1520 
1556 
3710 
1271 

313 
160 
637 
1287 
2356 
2567 
1480 
1256 

3313 
2062 

3834 
2138 
1719 
1705 
2139 
mo 

1390 
2385 
2099 
2140 
3292 
1297 
1298 
964 

965 
2870 
3771 
3593 
2986 
3678 
3230 

2233 
3500 

712 
1632 

792 
22 
3335 
1613 
2825 
3441 
3396 
2729 
1614 
3293 
3321 

17s 
3294 

406 

2249 

405 

327 

724 
355 
1439 
1440 

923 
1499 

834 
1498 
3329 


Name. 


Quick,  Julia 

Quin,  Robert  F 

Radcliff,  Andrew  A. 

RadcliflF,  Anna  E 

Radcliff,  Charles  E.  U 

Radcliff,   Isaac 

Radcliff,  William  W.. 

Raisner,  Amelia 

Raisner,  Andrew 

Raisner,  Christopher.. 
Ralph,  George  W. ... 

Ramp,  Henry 

Ramp,  Robert  T 

Ramsay,  George 

Ramsay,  Maria 

Ramsen,  Franklin  E   . 
Ramsen,  Henry  C... 

Rand  Jane 

Ranges,  Anna 

Raquet,  Emelina 

Raquet,  Katharine..   . 

Ratz,   Dorotha 

Raymond,  Charles. .    . 
Raymond,  Ellen  M... 
Reburgh,   Margaret... 

Reed,  Ann 

Reed,   Ephraim 

Reed,  Ida.. 

Reed,  Mary  E 

Reger,  Alicia 

Reger,  Harriet  A 

Reger,  Louisa 

Reger,  Nancy  J 

Reichel,  George  \' . .  . . 
Reichmann,  Charles 
Reinders,  Abramina  . 

Remmey,  Joshua 

Remmy,  John 

Rentz,  August 

Requa,  Mary  W 

Ressegue,   Abraham.. 

Retan,  John 

Retan,  Mary  

Reynolds,  Irwin 

Reynolds,  Lillian   . . . . 

Rice,  Emma 

Rice,  Theodore 

Richardson,  Sarah  A   . 

Ridabock,  Ann 

Ridabock,  Hester 

Ridabock,  Jacob   H... 

Ridabock,  Lenah 

Ridabock,  Nancy. .    .. 

Riddle,  Anna  D 

Riddle,  Fanny  D 

Riddle,  Lizzie  A 

Riebe,  Louise 

Riebe,  Theodore  

Riell,  Evert 

Riell,  Noah  Wetmore. 

Rikeman,  Albert 

Rikeman,  Ann 

Rikeman,  Eliza 

Rikeman,  Rachel 

Riker,  Abraham 

Riker,  Jacob 

Riley,  George 

Ripley,  Sarah  J. ..... . 

Robbins,  Leonora.... 


No. 


3282 
2531 

2Jl6 

2633 

2777 

2778 

2987 

3679 

370s 

3706 

3442 

653 

710 

806 

819 

2766 

2389 

iit8 
3806 
2672 
2411 
1700 
1820 
3443 


1087 
3238 
3457 
2331 
1803 
2:98 
1774 
3370 
1944 
3558 
939 
206 

3472 

823 

458 

219 

273 

2022 

3522 

1893 

1894 

2920 

394 

329 

452 

384 

395 

3458 

3495 

3496 

2502 

2503 

1273 

1272 

379 
371 
410 

463 
1412 
1411 

716 
1326 
2723 


Name. 


Robbins,  William   B.. 

Roberts,  Edgar  G 

Roberts,  Ellen  L 

Roberts,  James 

Robertson,  John 

Robinson,  Freeman  M 

Robinson,  Henry 

Robinson,  John 

Robinson,  Leonard... 
Robinson,  Margaret  . 
Robinson,  Margaret  . . 

Robinson,  Thomas 

Robinson,  William.. 
Rockwell,  Elizabeth.. 

Roe,   Nathaniel 

Rogers,  Amanda  S 

Rogers,  Cornelia 

Rogers,  David  T 

Rogers,  Philip  Smith.. 

Rogers,  William  J 

Rollins,  Ella  

Rollins,  James  

Rollins,  Margaret 

Rollins,  William 

Romain,  Abraham  C. . 

Romain,  Ann 

Romain,  Conrad  B.... 

Romaine,  Caroline 

Romaine,  Sarah 

Romeyn,  Isaac 

Romeyn,  James  H 

Romeyn,  Peter 

Romine,  Andrew 

Romine,  Isaac 

Romine,  Ob 

Romine,  Samuel... 

Roof,  Mary  Anna 

Roome,  Ann 

Roome,  Rachel 

Roomer,   Barnet 

Rose,  Ann  Eliza 

Rosencrantz,  Ann  .... 
Rosencrantz,  Eliza..  .. 
Rosencrantz,  Mary  . . . 
Rosencrantz,  Sally. . . . 
Rosencrantz,  Susan. . . 

Rosier  John 

Ross,  James 

Rossell,  Abraham  L  . 

Roth,  Caroline 

Roth,  Catharine 

Roth,  Charles 

Roth,  Elizabeth 

Roth,  Hannah 

Roth,  Henry  E 

Roth,  Jacob 

Roth,  Julia 

Roth,  William  G 

Rotherey,  Rachel.    .   . 

Rotherey,  William 

Rott,  Jacob 

Rowland,  William  H.. 

Ruding,  Duncan 

Rudt,  Charles 

RUdt,  John 

Rugen,  Henry  F 

Rugen,  Louis  C 

Runk,  William  B 

Russell,  Adele 

Russell,  Columbia 


No. 


2462 
3784 
'945 
75 
9' 
3547 
1253 


1254 
989 
1 103 
3444 
1643 
2928 
28 
2697 
2357 
3459 
3260 
3261 
3262 
3263 

lOII 
1022 
3853 
1474 

1555 

1365 

1382 

1296 

39 

2 

64 

116 

2240 

72 

125 

444 

2222 

575 

674 

549 

526 

570 
41 
1909 
3418 
2199 
2158 
2137 
1921 
1895 
1815 
1694 
2080 


1229 
1979 
1784 
3203 
3402 
2730 

2599 
2600 
2292 
3381 
IS57 


IN    ALPHABETICAL    ORDER continued. 


231 


Name. 

No. 

>235 
322 

Russell,  William 

Ruston,  Charles 

1826 

Ruston,  Georpfc 

1827 

Ruston,  John  E 

2050 

Rutan,  David  S 

6SS 

Rutan,  John 

1055 

Rutan,  Lettv 

Rutan,  Rachel 

589 

1056 
3744 

Rutherford,  Isabella 

Ryckman,  Richard 

333 

Ryer.  Abraham 

1 142 

Rverson,  ("ornelius.    .. 

1877 

Ryersoii,  Edward 

2859 

Ryerson,  Edward  J 

2970 

Ryerson,  Eliza  J 

1910 

Ryerson .  George 

1878 

Rverson,  George  M 

2860 

Ryerson,  Harriet 

3167 

Ryerson.  Nicholas  A... 

3427 

Rvkeman,   Isaac 

129 

Rykeman,  James 

6^ 

Rykeman,  Mary 

109 

Sacks,  Augustus 

2737 

Sacks,  Marv 

2738 

Sadler,  James 

3512 

Safford,  Minnie  M   

3772 

St.  Lee,  Anna 

2517 

Salter.  Abraham 

'45 

Salter,  Elizabeth 

274 

Salter,  John. 

97 

Sanders,  Emma 

3735 

Sayres,  Zenas  H 

1455 

Schaefer,  John 

2929 

Schafer,  Frederica 

1901 

Schenck.  Robert 

1477 

Scherz.  Wilhelmina 

2767 

Schiener,  Lewis 

133' 

Schilling.  Herman 

1778 

Schmi<it.  Emma 

Schmidt,  (Jeorge  H 

2826 

Schoonmaker,  .MarvG.. 

2725 

Schoonmaker,  Selah  .... 

3"5 

Schultz,  Michael  S 

3212 

Schultz,  Minnie  E 

3428 

Schultz,  Nicholas 

3'3> 

Schultz.  William     

3132 

Schultza,  Sophia 

3729 

Schwickert.  Adolph 

2881 

Scott.  Amelia  G 

2229 

Scott   Gilbert  C 

2412 
3295 

Scott,  James  H 

Scott,  .Mary  Isabella     . 

2293 

688 
33'4 

Scullv.  Jessie 

914 
781 

Seaman.  John 

284 
172 

Seaman.  Sarah   

Seaward.  William 

3231 

Sebring,  f  "ornelius 

349 

Sebrinp.  Edward 

404 

Secor.  Richard  J   

3382 

Sedgwick.  Russell 

3063 

See,  .\braham 

1040 

See,  Ann  Margaret 

1851 

See,  Charles  H 

1748 

See,  Isaac 

1039 

Name. 


No. 


See,  John  Jacob 

See,  Leah 

See,  Margaret  Ann.. .. 

See,  Maria 

See,  Marv  E 

See,  Sophia 

See.  William  L 

Sefton,  Ida 

Segrist,  Bertha 

Segrist,  Julius 

Seiss,  Augusta 

Seiss,  Gustave 

Sembler.  Andrew 

Serine,  Elisha 

Serrine,  Henry  E 

Sexton,  Abraham 

Se.\ton,  Henry 

Seymour,  Jeannette.. . 

Shad  well,  John 

Shannon,  Margaret... 

Shannon,  William 

Shaver,  Susan 

Shay,  Charles  C 

Shay,  James  F 

Shay, John 

Shay,  William 

Shelden,  George 

Shepard.  Frances  E. . . 
Shepard.  Gecirge  E.... 
Shepherd,  Charles.... 

Shepherd,  James 

Shepherd,  Joseph..   .. 
Shepherd,  Thomas. . . . 
Shepherd,  Thomas... 

Sherman,  William 

.Shields,  Eliza  Ann   ... 

Shute,  Alice 

Shute,  Charles  H 

Shute.  George  W.. .    . . 

Siccardi.  Laura 

Sidman,  Henry  H 

Siebel.  Emma 

Sigison,  James  

Signa,  Ella 

Sillick,  Abraham  A..   . 

SiUiman,  Anna 

Silliman.  Chauncy  H.. 
Simmons.  Abraham  A. 
Simmons.  Edward .... 
Simmons.  James  D  ... 
Simmons,  Mary  Ann.. 

Simmons,  Matilda 

Simmons,  May 

Simmons,  Peter 

Simmons,  Rachel 

Simmons,  William  R.. 

Simons,  Carrie  S 

Simons,  Charles  C. . . . 

Simons,  Ella   M 

Simons,  Ida  C 

Simons,  Margaretta. . . 

Simpson,  John  A 

Simpson,  Sarah  J 

Sinclair,  Finlay 

Sip,  Adrian  . . .' 

Skaats,  Abraham 

Skaats,  Elsie   

Skaats.  George 

Skaats,  Harman 

Skaats,  Isaac 


1958 

1077 

1749 

1398 

'750 

1751 

'752 

3108 

2853 

2854 

3100 

3101 

950 

118 

2855 

2015 

502 

3330 

397 

1360 

1244 

358 

2663 

1291 

1250 

1249 

246 

2930 

2822 

3 

24 

1315 

243 

376 

257 

873 

3265 

3'31 
3116 

3490 
3563 
3460 
259 
3'34 
1484 
2784 
2546 
859 
3190 
816 
958 
95^ 

3076 
1058 
990 
789 
2856 

2849 
2450 
2451 
2452 

3473 
3798 
3616 
649 
297 
382 
407 

"9 

380 


Name. 


Skaats,  John 

Skaats,  Mary 

Skaats,  Rinier .. 

Skaats,  William 

Skillman,  Ann 

Skinner,  Amos         

Skinner,  David 

Slaight,  Annie  M 

Slidell,  Joshua  

Slidell,  Nicholas 

Slingerland,  Henry  T... 

Slote,  James 

Smith,  Alice 

Smith,  Archibald 

Smith,  Charles 

Smith,  Charles  E 

Smith,  Charles  L 

Smith,  Cora 

Smith,  Daniel  H 

Smith,  Edward 

Smith,  Eliza 

Smith,  Florine .. 

Smith,  Garrit 

Smith,  Hannah 

Smith,  Harriet 

Smith,  Harvev, 

Smith,  Henry  M 

Smith,  Ida 

Smith,  Ida 

Smith,  Ira  G 

Smith,  Isaac 

Smith,  James  H 

Smith,  Jennie 

Smith,  John 

Smith,  John  B 

Smith,  John  Boyce 

Smith,  John   R.' 

Smith,  JohnT 

Smith,  Lester 

Smith.  Lidia 

Smith,  Margaretta 

Smith,  Margaret  Ellen.. 

Smith.  Maria     . . . 

Smith,  Maria 

Smith,  Maud.. .   

Smith,  Rosa 

Smith,  Susan 

Smith,  Susan  Amelia.. . . 

Smith,  Thomas 

Smyth,  Adam 

Smvth,  .Archibald 

Smyth,  Ellen  J 

Smyth,  .Margaret 

Smyth,  Matthew 

Smyth,  Rosanna 

Sneden,  Elsie 

Sneden, Jane 

Sneden,  Mary 

Sneden,  Robert 

I  Sneden,  Samuel.   .   

Sneeden.  Rinier  

t  i  Snider.  Rachel 

Snook,  Minton  J 

]    Snyder,  Alfred   L     

;    Snyder,  Frederick  G... 
1,  Somerindyke,  William.. 

Sonnemann,  Amed^us  H 

I  Soper.  Jennie.   

!    Soper.  Julia  F 

I I  Soper,  William 


No. 


208 
319 
248 
218 
602 
708 
55 
3 '09 
161 

"5 
1779 

328 
3751 
1361 
1879 
1913 
2492 
3835 
2482 

127 

593 
3461 
1251 

521 
1362 

729 

244 
2964 
3603 
3047 
1126 

734 
3445 
1127 
3110 
24'3 

353 
3559 
3462 

466 

2453 

1981 

896 

1327 

3717 

3665 

.3498 

2454 

314 

2827 

2828 

3651 

2829 

3008 

3652 

260 

383 

343 

a4S 

730 

389 

231 

3666 

3168 

3169 

1622 

2830 

3601 

2266 

3618 


232 


NAMES    OF    THE    SCHOLARS 


Name 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Spader,  Charles 

Spader,  Electa 

Spader,  Maria 

3480 
2948 
1737 
3283 
1257 
3836 
2528 
354' 
3566 
3653 
1500 
1535 
1563 
■  564 
1501 
1828 
1928 
940 
897 
2698 
3191 
2668 
2669 
334<^ 
3347 
2949 
2358 
2188 
2359 
3463 
93 
3773 
3711 
30 
844 
889 
403 
2857 
2474 
2483 
2590 
2414 
2219 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1919 
2390 
2699 
1097 
2504 
2391 
3846 
3296 
3297 
1457 
793 
1456 
298S 
1288 
2989 
1510 
2950 
12S9 
2831 
2843 
2844 
2845 
1685 
2909 

Stoll,  George 

Stoll,  John  H 

1644 
3752 
3753 
1666 
1956 
3513 
3542 
3523 
3371 
3372 
3464 
42 

fiO 

541 
1208 

608 
1209 
1266 
1580 
1581 
1582 
3°77 
2518 
2601 
2463 

2519 
3412 

3413 

3774 

3754 

3755 

201 1 

3740  1 

3741 

2012 

2779 

853 

1 143 

1 180 

1299 

1128 

1210 

1026 

3170 

2283 

3481 

2871 

20 

70 

162 
1380 
1367 
1366 
1369 
1368 
2085 
3424 
2850 
3680 
3482 
3576 
3245 
3570 

147   1 
3111 

2899  1 

2900  1 

Tallman,  Dowah  D...    . 

Tallman,  John  H     

Talman,  Martin 

Tapper,  Sarah  E 

Tapper,  William 

Taylor,  .Abraham 

Taylor,  Ann         

Taylor,  Charles 

Taylor,  Edward  C 

Taylor,  Emma  J 

Taylor,  Henry  M 

Taylor,  Isabella 

Taylor,  Maggie 

Taylor,  Mary 

Taylor,  Marv  C 

Taylor,  Richard 

Taylor,  Susan 

Taylor,  Thomas 

Teii  Broeck,  William  H. 

Ten  Eyck,  Peter  S 

Tennure,  Abraham 

Terboss,  Luke 

Terhune.  Henry 

Terrell,  Ida 

Terry,  Walstein  T     .... 

Teutscher,  Mary 

Thomas,  Eliza 

Thomas,  Harriet  E 

Thomas,  James  E. 
Thompson.  Catharine... 
Thompson,  Eugene.    ... 
Thompson.  George  R... 
Thompson,  James  W — 
Thompson,  John  Henry. 
Thompson,  Margaret  C. 
Thompson,  Mary  G..    .. 
Thompson,  Wavne  H  . . . 

Thomsen,  Lillie 

Thorburn,  Bithiah  B 

Thorburn,  Isabella  G. . . 
Thorne,  Elizabeth  H.... 

1741 
1742 
1929 
2790 
2791 
56 

Stoll,  Laura 

Stoll   Marn'aret 

Spears,  Francis  

Speer   Eva 

StoUer,  John  J   

Stone,  Emma 

Spence,  Mary   A 

Sprague,  Minor  VV 

Sprague,  Sarah  A 

Spralt,  Bowman  M 

Springsteen,  Abraham.. 

Springsteen,  Josiah 

Springsteen,  Letly  J 

Springsteen,  Rachel.   ... 
Springsteen,  Richard  H. 

Sproull.  Henry  S 

Sproull,  William  O 

Sproulls,  Harriet 

Sproulls,  Samuel  E 

Stacker,  (-aroline 

Stacker,  Elizabeth 

Stacker,  Josephine 

1078 
3654 
3403 
3655 
3404 
3397 
3656 
29 
3685 

Stone,  Thomas   E 

Stoppani,  Charles  F 

Stoppani,  Eliza  J 

Stoppani,  Joseph 

Siorm,  Riilef 

Storms,  Abraham 

Storms,  Henry 

Storms,  Jacob 

Storms,  John 

Storms.  Robert 

Storrs,  George  L 

Storrs,  John  J 

Storrs.  William  H 

1079 
73 

3657 

1099 

434 

563 

95 

Stadter,  Elizabeth 

Sloutenburgh,  .Adeline.. 
Stoulenburgh,  Frank  ... 
Stoutenburgh.  John   H.. 
Stoutenburgh,  .Nlary  E.. 

Stover,  John  H 

Stover,  Marie       

3514 
2951 
2882 
747 
3785 

Stage,  Harriet  E 

Stager,  Abraham 

Stager,  Ann  .Amelia 

Stager,  George  A 

Stagg,  Frederick  S 

Slrahan,  Agnes 

3837 
3048 

Stagg,  Peter  M 

Stanichit,  Mary 

Stanton,  Catharine 

Stanton,  Henry 

Stanton,  Matilda 

Stanton,  William 

Stanwood.  Carrie 

Steele.  John  A 

Steinbach,  Charles 

Steinbring,  Charles. 

3089 

Streubel,  Edward 

Strube,  Adelaide 

Strube,  Louisa   

3626 

3839 
3102 

Strvker,  James  \.  W 

Strvker,   Peter 

Sturr,  Jane 

Stuyvesant,  Benton  H.. 
Stuyvesant,  Charles  S. . . 
Stuyvesant,  Elizabeth  A 
Stuyvesant,  Peter  J.  D.. 
Stuyvesant,  Theodore.. 

Styers,  Alfred 

Styles,  Charles  H.,  Jr... 

Styles,  Harriet  B 

Styles,  Hattie 

Styles,  Walter  B 

Stymets,  Abraham 

Stymets,  Benjamin 

Stvmets,  Francis 

308; 
3838 
3681 
1991 
1992 
2241 
2332 
2576 

3446 
9'7 
999 
3383 
3515 
2717 
1628 

Steinhaus,  Wilhelmina.. 
Steins,  p-rederick  W..    .. 

Steins,  Gustavus 

Steins,  Hermann  C 

Thornall,  Edward  V.... 

Thurston,  John 

Tibbits,  Charles  E 

Tice,   Henry 

Stephens,  Anna  H 

Stephens,  Helen  C 

Stephens,   Horatio 

Stephens,  Mary  AdeI'de 
Stephens,  Thomas  G. . . . 

Sterner,  Lucetta  E  

Stetler,  George 

Stetler,  Henrv  I 

Tier   William  S 

Tierney,  Walter  D 

Tinslay,  Caroline 

Tinslay,  Hephzibah 

Tinslay,  Susannah   

Tinslav,  Theodosia  M.. 
Tinslay,  William  E.    ... 

Stvmets,  John 

Sullivan,  Jeremiah  W. . . 

Sunberg,  Emily 

Sunberg,  John 

Sunberg,  Nicholas 

Sunberg.  Peter 

Sunter,  Theodore 

Swan,  Henry 

Swan,  James  H 

Swan,  Jennie  E 

Swan,  William 

1645 
1743 
169; 
1662 
1181 

Stewart.  Charles 

Stewart,  Charles   

Stewart,  Emily 

Stewart,  Maria  L 

Tisdale,  William 

Tiltrington,  Sophronia  A 
Tittrington,  Whitfield... 

Titus,  William   

Tobin,  Angelo  

1182 
2577 
2578 
1393 
3266 
377 
668 

Stewart,  Mary  E 

Tom,  .Abraham 

Stewart,  William  H 

Stoetzel  Henry 

Stokesberry,  Catharine. 
Stokesberry.  Margaret.. 
Stokesberry,  Mary  A.  .. 
Stoll,  Catharine 

Sweeney,  Alexander. . . . 

Swinnerton,  James 

Switzer,  Martin 

Tom,  Peter 

Tompkins,  Marietta 

Tooker.  Emma  L 

Townsend,  Henry  M 

Townsend,  Thomas 

Tracy,  Edward  P 

Tracy,  Elizabeth  

183 
23'3 
2664 
2952 

Taft,  Peter 

Taft,  Theodore 

2953 
2279 

Stoll,  Frederica.  .   

3090 

IN    ALPHABETICAL    ORDER COuUnued. 


233 


Niiitf. 

No.  \ 

Name. 

N0. 

Name. 

No. 

Tracv^JohnN 

2280 

\'an  Beuren,  Maria 

1479 

\'an  Dyke,  William  L... 

2215 

Tracv,  Rebecca 

3091 

\'an  Heuren,  Rachel 

1478  1 

\'an  Kmburg,  Clara 

2608 

Tracy,  Samuel 

3447 

\'an  Klarcom,  Bernard.. 

811  1 

\'an  Emburg,  Lizzie..    . 

2731 
2538 

Tracy,  Uilliam  H 

2281 

Van  Hlarcom,  David  .   . 

670  1 

Van  Kniburg,   Walter... 

Tracy,  William  H 

3086 

\'an  Hlarcom,  Elizabeth. 

364  1 

Van  Eminerick,   Bertha. 

3232 

Traphagen,  James  

I183 

\'an  Hlarcom,  George  .. 

587  1 

Van  Evour.  Edward 

74 

Traphagen,  Peter 

I184 

Nan  Hlarcom,  Hannah. 

321 

Van  Evoiir,  Isaac 

299 

Traphagen,  William 

1399 

\  an  Hlarcom,  James 

966 

Van  Haughton,  Kate 

3192 

Traver,  Leah  V 

3049 

\  an  Hlarcom,  John 

924 

Van  Hennick,  Anna 

2455 

Travis,  Alice 

3204 

\  an  Hlarcum,  Edward. . 

304 

\'an  Hennick,  Sebastian. 

2456 

Tremain,  Frances  A 

3584 

Van  Blarcum,  Thomas.. 

2739 

X'an  Horn,  John 

1080 

Tremain,  Frederick 

3577 

\  an  Blarcum,  William.. 

2785 

Van  Home,  .\ndrew 

886 

Tremain,  Grace 

3560 

\  an  Bussum,  Agnes... 

616 

Van  Home,  .\nn 

233 

Tremper,  Harman 

80 

V^an  Hussum,  Peter 

601  1 

Van  Home,  Eliza 

S8. 

Trimble,  Sarah  A 

2810 

\  ancott,  George  F 

2877 

X'an  Home,  Susan   ..    .. 

660 

Trimble,  Starr 

2700 

\  an  De  Linda,  Hetty... 

1043 

Van  Horsen.  Lewis  K.. 

2457 

Trout,  Eliza 

771 
3025 

\  an  Den  Bergh,  John  . . 
N'an  Den  Bergh.  Samuel 

79 
230 

Van  Houten,  Alfred 

Van  Houten,  Henrietta. 

1659 

3619 

Troutman,  Ida 

Trumper,  Emily  A 

1437 

Vandenburgh,  Louisa... 

1583 

Van  Houten,   Henrv.... 

1616 

Trumper,  Henrv 

1438  1 

N  andenburgh,  Samuel . . 

1532 

Van  Houten.  Ida 

3064 

Trusdell,  Samuel 

2247   1 

Vandenburgh.  Thomas.. 

1533 

\'an  Houten,  James.   .. 

446 

Tucker,  Thomas  E 

659  1 

\  anderbake,  Harriet 

1246 

\  an  Houten,  John  ..... 

449 

Tully,  John 

2294  j 

N  anderbake.  Thomas.  .. 

312 

\  an  Houten,  John 

1733 

TuUy,  Thomas 

Tunison,  Sarah 

2298 

\  anderbeck,  .\braham  . . 

606 

\  an  Houten,  John  R.   .. 

1660 

1880 

N  anderbeck,  .\braham . . 

1374 

\  an  Hoiiten,  Margaret.. 

3561 

Tunison,   Wardell 

1881 

Vanderbeck,  David 

542 

X'an  Houten,  Maria  J... 

1677 

Tunison,  William 

1882 

Vanderbeck,  Eliza 

717 

1   X'an  Houten,  Martha 

1650 

Turner,  William  (' 

2835 

Vanderbeck,  Eliza  Ann. 

1407 

X'an  Houten,  Mary 

438 

Turquand,  Victoria.    ... 

2962 

Vanderbeck,  James 

883 

^  an  Houten,  Marv  E... 

1617 

Tush,  George 

2754 

Vanderbeck,  James 

•373 

Van  Houten,  Sarah  J.. . . 

1618 

3"7 

N  anderbeck,  John  \'.  N. 
Vanderbeck,  Maria 

951 
842 

Van  Houten,  Thomas... 
X'an  Iderstein,  \\\n  E... 

967 
Ii4i 

Ui.MKK,  Trougood 

2386 

N  anderbeck,  Maria 

139 1 

X'an  Iderstein,  Isaac    .. 

1089 

Unkel,  Otto 

2311 
2905 

Vanderbeck,  Miinvan... 
Vanderbeck,  Stephen... 

802 
69, 

X'an  Iderstein,  James  . .. 
X'an  Iderstein,  John. .     . 

Urlacher,  Philip 

1203 

Utz,  Louis 

2755 

Vanderbeck,  Catharine. 
N'anderbeek,  Richard... 

241 
1214 

X'an  Keuren,  Matthew.. 
X'an  Ness,  Benjamin   H. 

2811 

166, 

Vail,  Carrie  F 

3775 

Vanderbilt,  Cornelius... 

787 

[   X'an  Ness,  Maria 

1678 

Vail,  Eleanor 

1567 

\  anderbilt,  Cornelius.. . 

2032 

X'an  Ness.  Sarah  E 

i67t 

Valentine,  C'Drnelius 

28s 

Vanderbilt,  Jacob 

857 

X'an  Norden,  Abraham. 

776 

Valentine.  Henrv 

770 

\  anderbdt,  John  J 

.6,7 

X  an  Norden,  Abraham  . 

79=; 

\alentine,  Henry  M 

1905 

Vanderbilt,  John  V 

929 

1   Van  Norden,  Abra'in  .XI 

926 

X'alentine,  Jacob  

40 

\  anderbilt,  .Margaret.  . . 

1044 

X'an  Norden,  Alice 

484 

\alentine,  Jacob 

427 

Vanderbilt,  Martha 

"44 

X'an  Norden,  John  M . . . 

S'o 

X'aientine,  John 

123 

Vanderbilt,  Mary  C 

1946 

X'an  Norden,  XX'illiam... 

525 

X'aletitine,  John 

388 

Vanderbilt,  Peter 

1185 

X  an  Nostrand,  Garrett.. 

925 

\an  Allen,  James 

53' 

\  anderbilt.  Peter  J 

1658 

Van  Orden,  Charles 

I7II 

Van  Allen.  William 

559 

V  anderbilt,  Richard  .... 

2068 

X'an  Orden,  Edward... 

1930 

\an  Alst,  .\letta 

337 

V^anderbilt,  Sally  .\nn... 

1027 

X  an  Orden,  Eliza 

1028 

\'ai\  .Mst,  Catharine    . . . 

320 

N  anderbilt,  Sarah  L 

1947 

\  an  Orden,  Henry 

891 

\an  Alst.  Edward   

4"! 

Vanderbilt,  William    .    . 

2069 

X'an  Orden,  James  (i 

952 

\an  Alst,  Eliza 

368 

V  anderhot.  Henrv  \'.  L. 

814 

X'an  Orden,  James  G.  M. 

lOil 

\'an  Alst,  Isaac 

4'5   , 

V''anderhool,  James  B.  . 

861 

X'an  Orden,  John 

46^ 

\'an  Alst,  James 

416 

\  andervoort,  Jacob 

646 

X  an  Orden,  Samuel 

583 

\'an  Alst,  John 

207 

Vandervoort,  Lucv  Ann 

638 

1   Van  Orden,  Sarah  A   ... 

19-9 

Van  Alst,  Le.h 

44° 

Vandervort,  James 

9 

X'an  Orden,  William    .. 

974 

Van  .\lst,  Letitia ... 

53s   ' 

Vanderweyde, John  J. . . 

•994 

1   X'an  Pelt.  Jane  .\nn 

lOOJ 

303 

350 

Vanderweyde,  Joseph  J. 
Vanderwevde,  Peter  H. 

2013 
1985 

X'an  Pelt,  Maria 

105? 
83? 

Van  Alst,  Maria 

Van  Pelt,  Peter 

\an  Aulen.  Cornelius.   . 

187   ' 

Vanderzee,  Gordon  D... 

2922 

Van  Rantz.  Nicholas.... 

727 

Van  Aulen,  Peter 

4S6 

Vandeusen,  Lvdia.. .  .  ... 

2337 

X  an  Riper,  Eilward 

3406 

\'an  Auler\,  Sarah 

295 

V^andeusen.  Robert  H... 

21?8 

X  an  Roden,  Catharine  J. 

3050 

\'an  Aulen.  Thomas 

592 

N'andeusen,  William  F.. 

2339 

1   X  an  Roden,  Henrv  E... 

2802 

Van  Henthuysen.  Cath. 

599 

\'andewater.  Ann 

3S 

X  an  Roilen,  Susan 

2805 

\'an  Keuren.  .Adeline... 

778 

\'andewater,  Henry 

7 

Van  Roden,  Wdliam.... 

33>=; 

Van   Heureii.  Emeline... 

1521 

\'andewater,  John 

253 

X'an  Saun,  John 

1274 

\'an  Heuren.  Harold  S.. 

2780 

'   X'andewater,  William. . . 

220 

X  an  Saun,  Samuel  S 

22 ',0 

\'an  Heuren,  James 

557 

Van  Dyk,  1'  rancis  C 

>934 

X'an  Sciver,  Mary 

1502 

\an  Heuren,  Jane 

481 

\'an  Dvk,  1  lenry  M 

1980 

Van  Sciver,  Peter 

i5«>< 

\  an   Keuren,  Maria 

7a  I 

1   \'an   Dyke,  Charles 

149 

1  X'an  Tassel,  Abraham... 

418 

234 


NAMES    OF   THE    SCHOLARS 


Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Name. 

No. 

Van  Tassel,  Amy 

762 

Voorhees,  Clarissa  C... 

logi 

Waugh,  Henry  M 

2035 

Van  Tassel,  David 

373 

Voorhees,  Elizabeth 

1012 

Waugh,  James 

2018 

Van  Tassel,  David...    .. 

523 

Voorhees,  Elizab'hC.  B. 

1  2392 

XX^augh,  John  De  Witt.. 

"73 

Van  Tassel,  Eliza  Ann.. 

624 
399 

Voorhees,  Esther  Ann.. 
Voorhees,  Isaac 

;    1 134 
927 

1290 
2464 

Van  Tassel,  Isaac 

Weaver,  Edward 

Van  Tassel,  Jacob 

544 

X^oorhees,  John 

j      846 

Weaver,  Mary  A 

2465 

Van  Tassel,  Tunis 

"3 

Voorhees,  Phebe  M 

1230 

Webb,  Charles  E 

1805 

Van  Tassel,  William  ... 

309 

Voorhis,  Albert  E 

2965 

XX'eber,  William    

3465 

Van  Thof,  Henry 

2469 

Voorhis,  Calvin  M   

1706 

Weed,  William  Wallace 

3854 

2345 
3529 

X'^oorhis,  Charles  W 

X'oorhis,  George  W. .     . 

2370 
2242 

XV'eek,  Gilbert  D 

Weeks,  Cornelia 

1015 
2643 

\'an  Tine,  Francis 

Van  Tine,  Henrietta  ... 

2568 

X'^oorhis,  James 

1804 

Weiler,  Jacob 

1816 

Van  Varick,  Peter 

697 

Voorhis,  Peter 

1646 

Weldon,  Eliza  Ann.    ... 

450 

Van  X'oorhis,  Aaron 

2365 

X'oorhis,  Samuel 

1647 

Welter,  Hannah 

3799 

Van  X'oorhis,  Abraham. 

2781 

X'oorhis,  Sarah  J 

2190 

Welter,  Mary 

Wendover,  Olivia 

3800 

Van  Voorhis,  Rachel  A. 

2415 

X'oskuyl,  Marv 

3707 

2072 

Van  Wagenen,  Chas.  H". 

2832 

X'oskuyl,  Sarah 

3708 

Wendover,  Thomas  P.. 

2284 

Van  Wasjenen,  Cornelia 

2122 

X'redenburgh,  .\lfred   P. 

2175 

XX'endt,  Ernst  C 

3776 

\'an  Wagenen,  Walter.. 

2786 

X'redenburgh,  Frank  .. 

2200 

Wendt,  Frederick 

3732 

\'an  Wart,  .\lexander. . . 

1 195 

X'reeland,  Richard  F.  .. 

3414 

Went  worth,  John 

53 

\'an  Wart,  Alexander. .. 

1245 

Wenz,  Augustus 

1722 

1204 
1392 

X\'.\r)E,  Andrew 

;    509 
508 

Wenz,  Christian 

Wenz,  Elizabeth 

1707 
1948 

\'an  Wart,  Daniel 

Wade,  Phebe 

\'an  Wart,  James 

1205 
1491 

Wade,  William  H 

Wagner,  Charles 

3213 

3219 

Wenz,  Maria  L 

1949 
1708 

\'an  Wart,  Henry 

Wenz,  William 

Van  Wart,  Lawrence... 

1246 

Wagner,  George   F 

293  X 

Wenzel,  Adolph  C 

2254 

\'an  Wart,  Mason 

1363 

Wakeman,  James 

3721 

M^enzel,  Albert  F 

2155 

\'an  Wart,  Samuel 

300 

Walch,  Ida    

3840 

VX'enzel,  George 

Van  Wan,  William 

1 196 

Walcutt,  Agnes  L 

3536 

Wenzel,  Herman 

2156 

\'aii  Wart.  William 

i486 

Waldmaver,  Julius 

2768 

Wessells,  Albert  \.  .    .. 

930 

1275 

Waldron,  .\nn 

114 

276 

XXessells,  Gertrude  A... 
Wessels,  Helen  Maria.. 

\'.  K r 

Waldron,  Benjamin.    ... 

1072 

765 
845 

21 
1400 

Wessels,  John  H 

Wessels,  William 

189 

\'ai\  Winkle,  John  '. 

XValdron,  John  R 

V^Mi  Winkle,  Thos.  V.  R. 

1276 

Waldron,  Sarah 

250 

West,  Elijah 

1512 

1629 
3051 

XX'aldron,  Tunis 

107 

84 

Westervelt,  Abraham... 
Westervelt,  Anne 

t86 

X'aiibel,  William 

Waldron,   William 

529 

\'een,  Adrian 

2172 
2173 
2333 

XX'alkington,  Ann 

Walkington,  Melvena... 
Walmslev,  Stephen  B... 

866 
968 
1396 

Westervelt,  Catharine.. 
Westervelt,  Cath.  A  . . . . 
Westervelt,  Cath.  D.... 

3777 
1164 
1884 

X'cen.  Eva  Marie 

Veen,  John  D 

Walser,  Emil 

2123 

Westervelt,  Charles 

\'et;n.  William  V 

2189 

Walter,  Heiiry 

339' 

Westervelt,  Cornel's  A. 

2081 

Wh-ilage  Charles 

2100 

XValton,  John  A 

3298 

Westervelt,  David 

1885 

Velislage,  Henrv    

1790 

XX'andell,  Catharine..    .. 

121 

Westervelt,  Garret  H... 

1791 

\'ehslage,  Mary 

2060 

Wandell,   Mary 

122 

Westervelt,  Harmon. . . . 

279 

\eh-.lage,  William 

1883 

Ward,  Emily 

3479 

Westervelt,  Isaac 

744 

X'erbryck,  Caroline 

1785 

Ward,  Emma  C 

3246 

Westervelt,  James 

332 

\'erbryck,  Miry  .Ann. . . 
\ere,  Henry 

81S 

Ward ,  Frances 

Westervelt,  James 

3135 

Ward,  Uzal 

363 

Westervelt,  James 

i886 

\'ei  hoff ,  Anthony.     .    . . 

1037 

Ware,  Harriet    

1328 

Westervelt,  John 

1146 
1792 

Nerhoff    Essaba 

1277 
975 

2112 

3052 

Westervelt,  John 

Westervelt,  Maria  E 

X'erhoff,  John 

Warley,  Susan  X' ..... . 

X'erlioff.  William 

1278 

Warner,  Daniel   

15 

Westervelt,  Marv  Jane. 

1186 

\'erlander,  Eliza  Ann    .. 

1608 

Warner,  Elizabeth 

488 

Westervelt,  Pete'r 

661 

\erlander,  Theodore... 

1623 

Warner,  James 

185 

Westervelt,  Peter 

694 

Vervalen,  .Andrew 

15b 

Warner,  Leonard  W 

1603 

Westervelt,  Samuel.    .. 

261 

N'ervalen.  James   

264 

Warner,  Margaret  A.... 

3193 

Westervelt,  XX'illiam 

1686 

N'erveelen.  Mar:;'v.. 

102 

Warner,  Thomas  X'.  W. 

580 

Wheaton,  Anna 

32'^9 

N'inson,  John 

104 

XX'arner,  William  M 

3425 

Wheaton,  James  W 

2872 

\'issers,  Hcnrv  G 

3718 

Warren,  Emma  J 

2718 

Wheeler,  Abraham  ... 

57 

X'issers.  Johan  C 

3719 

Warts,  Peter  B 

664  i 

Wheeler,  Albert 

2101 

N'oillard,  Angeline     .... 

3720 

XX'artz,  Henry  A 

839 

Wheeler,  Andrew 

66 

N'olk,  Abby  E 

1565 

Wartz.  Samuel  T 

'334 

Wheeler,  Charles 

2102 

X'olk.  Catharine 

591 

Washburn.  Frank 

3448 

Wheeler.  John  J 

2520 

\'olk.  Catharine  A 

1566 
496 

Washington,  George  F. 
Waters,  Daisy 

227 
3686 

Wheeler,  Sarah 

2103 

X'olk,  Garrit 

Whelan.  William 

X'olk,  Rachel I 

631 

Waters,  Madge   

3641 

White,  Benjamin  F.    ... 
White,  Catharine  E 

2387 

X'olk.  Thomas  E 

15  2 

XVatson,  Hlorence 

3065 

2340 

Vonck,  Catharine i 

65 

Watson,  Josephine  L... 

3078 

White,  Eli 

1060 

Voorhees,  Annie  I | 

2310 

Watts,  Walter 

3407 

White,  Emma  F 

3118 

IN    ALPHABETICAL    ORDER — continued. 


235 


Natne. 


White.  George  B 

White,  James 

White,  Jane 

White,  Mark  Henry  . . . 

White,  Mary  E 

While.  Robert 

Whitehead,  Gertrude. . 

Whiteside,  Mary  J 

Whitlock,  Daniel 

Whitlock,  James 

Whitlock,  James 

Whitlock,  James  A .  . . . 

Whitlock,  Samuel 

Whittemore,  Francisco 
Whittemore,  Theodore 

Whittier,  Lizzie 

Whittle,  Abraham 

Whittle,  Maria  A 

Whittle.  Samuel  R 

Wichelhouse,  Charles  . 

Wicks,  George  F 

Wicks,  Mary  E 

Widmayer.  Frank 

Widmayer,  George.... 

Widmayer,  Hannah 

Widmayer,  Louisa  A.. 

Wilbur,  Francis  H 

Wilcox,  Margaret 

Wilkes,  Mary 

Wilkes.  Sarah 

Wilks,  George 

Wilks,  Seaman 

Wilks,  Seth 

Willard,  John  E 

Williams,  Elizabeth  M. 

Williams,  Peter 

Williams,  I'eter  R 

Williams,  Samuel 

Williamson,  Albert  \'. . 
Williamson,  Frederick. 
Williamson,  George  H. 
Williamson,  Henry  \'.. 
Williamson,  Wm.  Alex 

Willis,  Walton  P 

Wills,  Christina 

Willse,  George  W 

Willse,  Peter 

Wilmot,  Cornelia 

Wilmot,  Theodore 


No. 


2579 
707 
969 

317' 

991 
2648 
3172 
3299 

461 

326 

468 
1449 

425 
3079 
3080 

3392 

1475 

1450 

1451 

1993 

2954 

2955 

3484  i 

33'8  I 

3319 ; 

3408 1 

872 

3173 

486 1 

409 1 

213 

3322 1 

3323 

2366 

2505 

1385 

2418 1 

1386 

i960 ' 

2417  : 

»93i 

1914 
2416 
2956  , 
2966  I 
1420  \ 
1419  i 
1098  , 
1030 


Name. 


Wilsey,  Elizabeth  A 

Wilsey,  Louisa 

Wilsey,  Mary  C 

Wilsey,  Saran  J 

Wilson,  Catharine  J 

Wilson,  Eliza  F 

Wilson,  George 

Wilson,  Isaac  C 

Wilson,  John 

Wilson,  John  D 

Wilson,  Joseph 

Wilson,  Margaret 

Wilson,  William  T 

Winckelmann,  ("ath 

Winckelmann,  John... 
Winckelmann,  Rachel  A 

Wines,  .Alexander 

Wines,  Henritt 

Wingassen,  Charles  W.. 

Winn,  Robert  S 

Winship,  Carrie 

Wiseburn,  Harriet  S 

Wiseburn,  Margaret 

Witman,  Biena 

Witzel,  John  C 

Witzel,  Mary 

Witze!,  Sophia 

Wohlfarth,  Anna 

\\ohllarlh,  Lizzie 

Wolt,  Max 

Wolff,  Julius  H 

Wolff,  Theodore 

Wolff,  William 

Wood,  Benjamin  F 

Wooil,  Catharine 

Wood,  Catharine  Coe... 
Wood,  Elizabeth  Ann.. 

Wood,  Ella 

Wood,  Eva 

\\'ood,  Evelyna 

Wood ,  Gussie 

Wood,  Henrietta 

Wood,  Henrietta  1 

\\'ood,  Henry 

Wood,  Jane  E  

Wood,  Joseph 

AS'ood,  Juliana  L 

Wood,  Lula 

Wood,  Marion. 


No. 


2179 
2076 
2077 
2078 
1584 
2243 
1585 
3812 
2051 
2591 
2074 
2052 
2255 
1343 
1342 
1344 
992 
1046 
2923 
3627 

3449 
1720 
1721 
3450 
393 
467 

451 
3841 
3842 
2800 
2592 

2593 
2569 
2521 

766 

2493 
1279 
3670 
3671 
2314 
3722 
3672 
2344 
3813 
2388 
2841 
2315 
2244 
2842 


Name. 


Wood,  William 3814 

Woodruff,  Anna  F 3847 

Woodruff,  Gertrude 3409 

Woolley,  Charles 1248 

Woolley,  Ezra 1525 

Woolley,  Simon  F 1260 

Worden,  Ashley 1301 

Worden,  Mary  Ann  ....  I  1300 

Wortendyke,  'Martha . . .  166 

Wortendyke,  R 138 

Worth,  Mary  E 2258 

Worth,  Sydney  B 2259 


No. 


Wright,  Joseph  .\. 

Wright,  Thomas 

Wright,  Walter  L 

Wright,  William   

Wroeger,  Herman  P.... 

Wroeger,  Matilda 

Wurster,  Louisa 

Wust,  .Magdelina 

Wvckoff,  (."ornelius 

W'yckoff,  Eliza 

Wyckoff,  Hannah 

Wyckoff,  Samuel 

Yereance,  Cath.  L.  E.. 

Yeury ,  Frank 

Voost,  Bertha , 

Yoosi,  Charles 

York,  Andrew  J 

York,  Jacob  S 

Young,  Adaline 

Young,  Grace 

Young,  Howard  W 

Young,  Isaac , 

Young,  John  R 

Young,  Margaret  L 

Young,  M  ary  E 

Young,  William 


Zabriskie,  .\lbert  G.  H. 

Zabriskie,  Eliza 

Zabriskie,  Garrit 

Zabriskie,  John 

Zabriskie,  Peter  J 

Zauner,  Anna 

Zipp,  Jacob  F 

Zulauf,  Charles  F 

Zulauf,  John  H 


3119 

3S02 

3054 

3120 

2741 

2782 

2201 

2419 

545 

596 

650 

53* 

1796 
3055 
3205 
3206 
1568 
1630 
3026 
3267 
363s 

252 
3027 

282 
3028 
3607 

1119 

83' 
644 

503 
2719 
3756 
2570 
2367 
9321 


236 


Names  of  the  Assistant  Teachers  Since  1842. 


May  I,  1842 Miss  Frances  Campbell To  May 

May  I,  1844 Miss  Henrietta  Garns* "  Nov. 

Feb.  I,  1845 John  H.  Magonigle* "  May 

Nov.  I,  1846 Miss  Harriet  Parker "  May 

Nov.  I,  1847 Miss  Sarah  C.  Mickens* "  Aug. 

do Miss  Rachel  A.  Mickens* "  May 

Sept.,  1849 Charles  F.  Conant* "  Nov. 

Nov.  I,  1850 Miss  Wilhelmina  Neal* "  Sept. 

Aug.  I,  185 1 Miss  Margaret  McAdoo* "  Aug. 

do.  Miss  Elsie  J.  Nicholson' "  June 

Oct.  I,  1851     Miss  Josephine  Rogers "  June 

May  20,  1852 Philander  Reed "  Aug. 

Oct.  I,  1852 William  H.  Oram "  May  30, 

March  I,  1853 Miss  Sarah  L.  Vanderbik ' "  Dec. 

May  I,  1853 William  T.  Graff "  Jan. 

Dec.  I,  1853 Miss  Catharine  E.  Yereance' "  Nov. 

June  I,  1854 Miss  Phebe  E.  Niven "  Dec. 

March  i,  1855 George  N.  Pratt   "  Dec. 

April  6,  1856 William  M.  McLaury "  Jan. 

Dec.  I,  1856 Miss  Olivia  Wendover* "  Oct. 

Feb.  I,  i860 Thomas  G.  Williamson "  Oct.  1 

Nov.  I,  1863 Miss  Ann  E.  Mabie* "  Dec. 

Nov.  I,  1864 Miss  Mary  Lowe*. ...    "  Nov. 

Dec.  I,  1864 Miss  Henrietta  C.  Burke "  April 

do.         Miss  Euphemia  Powles* "  April 

Dec.  I,  1865 Miss  Rachel  A.  Van  Voorlus* "  Sept. 

Feb.  I,  1867 Crines  H.  DuBois "  July 

Sept.  16,  1867 Miss  Carrie  Allason "  July  30, 

Sept.  I,  1868 Sylvanus  B.  Husted "  Sept. 

do.         Miss  Margaret  A.  Stephens "  Nov. 

Nov.  16,  1868 Miss  Lizzie  Genet "  Nov. 

Jan.  15,  1870 Miss  Sarah  C.  Motl* 

Oct.  I,  1870..    Miss  Mary  M.  Bryan "  May 

Sept.  I,  1871 Miss  Mary  Frances  Losee* "  Sept. 

Oct.  17,  1872 Charles  R.  Burke "  Sept. 

Dec.  I,  1879 Miss  Mary  P.  Dunshee.* 

Sept.  I,  1880 Miss  Jessie  Bloomfield. 

*  Graduate  of  the  School. 


1844 
1846 
1852 
1854 
185 1 
1851 
1850 
185 1 
1852 
1859 

"853 
1852 

1853 
1856 

1855 
1863 
1865 

1855 
i860 
1864 
1866 
1864 
1870 
1880 
1867 

1875 
1868 
1868 
1872 
1868 
1869 

1871 

1875 
1879 


237 


nsroTE  s. 

The  Nwiibers  and  Dates  preceding  the  Naities  correspond  zvith  those  in  the 
Catalogue  of  Scholars— pages  in  to  216. 

No.  159. — March,  1796.  Daniel  Ayres,  upon  graduating,  in  May,  1802, 
entered  the  counling-house  of  Blackwell  &  McFarlane,  Iron  Merchants,  in 
Coenties  Slip.  In  1830  the  fuMn  Ijecame  McFarlane  &  Ayres.  They  pur- 
chased a  tract  of  land  among  the  iron  mountains  of  New  Jersey,  erected 
forges,  foundries,  a  bank,  etc.,  and  thus  founded  Dover,  a  few  miles  from 
Morristown.  In  1833,  after  the  death  of  Henry  McFarlane,  Mr.  Ayres  became 
associated  with  Boorman,  Johnston  &  Co.,  119  Greenwich  Street,  and  in  1835 
the  firm  became  Boorman,  Johnston,  Ayres  &  Co.,  which  continued  until  1844, 
when  Mr.  Ayres  retired'from  business  with  a  large  fortune.  He  was  a  Director 
in  the  North  River  Bank,  and  also  in  the  Long  Island  Bank  ;  and  at  the  time 
of  his  decease,  and  for  twenty- five  years  previous,  was  Vice-President  of  the 
Brooklyn  Savings  Bank,  and  a  Director  in  the  Long  Island  and  Phoenix 
Insurance  Companies.  At  the  age  of  15  (1805)  he  united  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  John  Street,  New  York,  where  he  was  Chorister  for  thirty 
years,  from  1808  to  1838.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Brooklyn  Heights 
and  held  the  offices  of  Trustee  and  Class-leader  until  his  demise,  September 
26,  1873,  in  his  83d  year. 

No.  2^2.-  yanuary,  1800.  Isaac  Young,  Member  of  the  Consistory  of 
the  Collegiate  Dutch  Church  from  1827  to  1837.  Treasurer  of  Consistory  from 
March  2,  1837,  until  December  4,  1856.  Treasurer  of  General  Synod  from 
June  6,  1827,  to  June  2,  1858— twenty-one  years.  Trustee  of  the  School  and 
Secretary  of  the  Board  from  July,  1824,  until  July,  1831. 

No.  279. — November,  1800.  Harmon  Westervelt,  Counselor-at-Law, 
and  Organist  for  many  years  of  the  Middle  Dutch  Church,  Nassau  Street. 

No.  479^. — 1800.''  John  De  Lamater.  After  the  Catalogue  of  the 
Scholars  had  been  printed-  page  1 1 1  the  following  minute  was  accidentally 
discovered  in  the  Book  for  Visitors  in  use  at  the  school  : 

September  25.  1867.  Visited  this  School  this  morning  for  the  first  time  since  I  left 
it,  a  pupil,  some  sixty-two  years  ago.  Was  very  much  pleased  with  the  perfect  order 
and  the  singing  of  the  children.  At  the  time  I  was  a  member  of  the  School  it  was  in 
Garden  Street,  opposite  the  Old  South  ("hurch,  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  Latham. 
Well  do  1  remember  many  incidents  that  occurred  at  that  time,  which  appears  but 
yesterday.     I  now  look  in  vain  for  many  of  my  then  classmates. 

John  De  Lamatkk. 

This  would  fix  the  date  of  his  withdrawal  about  the  year  1805,  at  which 
lime  his  father,  Samuel  De  Lamater,  who  resided  from  1799  to  1802  at  No. 
18  Dey  Street,  was  one  of  the  school  officers.  The  probability  is  that  his 
son  entered  about  the  year  i8co,  when  he  was  eight  years  of  age.  Prior  to 
1808,  when  the  school  was  ))Iaccd  under  the  care  of  a  Special  l>oard  of 
Trustees,  it  was  managed  by  the  Deacons,  and  the  records  were  kejit  in  a  very 
incomplete  manner.  Tlie  Slinutes  found  in  their  records  usually  states  that  the 
School  Committee  had  admitted  so  many  scholars  to  fill  vacancies,  without 
specifying  any  names.  This  was  especially  the  case  alxjut  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century,  and  may  account  for  the  fact  that  the  name  of  John  De 
Lamater  is  not  to  l)e  found  among  the  list  of  scholars.  Other  names  may  yet 
be  brought  to  light  which  were  omitted  under  the  same  circumstances.  Mrs. 
McFarran  (  Vide  Note  317),  who  left  in  1805,  well  remembers  liim  as  a  school- 


238 

male.  Mr.  De  Lamater,  a  Builder  by  irade,  was  a  Trustee  of  the  Northern 
Dispensary  from  1829  until  1840.  Treasurer  of  ihe  Board,  1831  to  1836.  1830, 
Incorporator  of  the  Greenwich  Bank  (State),  and  a  Director  until  1855 — twenty- 
five  years.  1832  to  1838,  Trustee  of  the  New  York  Public  School  Society. 
1842,  1852,  1853,  1855,  Commissioner  of  Common  Schools,  New  York. 
1850  to  1853,  1856,  1857,  1859  to  1879,  School  Trustee  of  the  Sixteenth  Ward. 
April  24,  1833,  Incorporator  of  the  Greenwich  Savings  Bank,  and  a  Trustee 
thereof  until  1854— twenty-one  years.  1834,  Assistant-Alderman  of  the  Ninth 
Ward.  1835,  Alderman.  1835,  Incorporator  of  the  Greenwich  Fire  Insurance 
Company,  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  untd  i860— twenty-five 
years.  March  4,  1835,  became  a  member  of  the  General  Society  of  Mechanics 
and  Tradesmen  until  his  death,  December  21,  1877— forty  two  years.  1850 
to  1854,  Commissioner  of  Taxes  and  Assessments.  Member  of  the  Con- 
sistory of  the  Franklin  Street  Church,  1833  to  1835.  Elder  in  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church,  West  Twenty-first  Street,  Irom  1838  until  it  disbanded. 

No.  317.  -August,  1802.  Sarah  Ayres,  sister  of  Daniel  Ayres,  still  sur- 
vives, in  her  92d  year,  and  is  the  oldest  living  graduate  of  the  school. 

No.  318.  —August,  1802.  Thomas  C.  ChardaVoyne,  Member  of  the 
General  Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and 
its  President  in  1846  ;  and  also  a  Director  in  the  Mechanics'  (Stale  and  Na- 
tional) Bank  of  this  city. 

No.  TJo2.  —  August,  1804.  Henry  T.  Kiersted,  a  great-great  grandson  of 
Dr.  Hans  Kiersted  (who  came  to  New  Amsterdam  from  Holland  in  1636),  and 
Sarah  Roeloff,  daughter  of  Annake  Jans.  The  day  after  receiving  his  diploma 
entered  the  Drug  store  of  John  P.  I-isher,  Broadway  and  Pine  Street.  In  1814 
commenced  business  in  Murray  Street,  near  Broadway,  moved  thence  to 
Hudson  and  Anthony  (now  Worth),  and  in  1820  located  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  Spring  Street  and  Broadway.  In  1853  moved  to  the  Prescott  House, 
on  the  northwest  corner,  and  in  i860  to  Forty-sixth  Street  and  Broadway.  In 
1838,  '39  and  '40  was  elected  Collector  of  Taxes  for  the  Eighth  Ward  ;  was 
subsequently,  August  14,  1843,  appointed  Receiver  of  Taxes  for  the  City  — 
being  the  first  incuml^nt  of  that  office.  May  27,  1845,  resigned  and  was 
made  Cashier  of  the  Customs  by  Cornelius  W.  Lawrence,  Collector  of  the  Port, 
which  office  he  retained  four  years.  His  military  career  commenced  in  1814, 
when  he  was  stationed  where  the  old  Powder  House  still  stands,  in  the  Park. 
While  there,  was  appointed  Orderly  Sergeant  ;  1814,  Third  Corporal  75^11 
Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  M.  (Infantry)  ;  1815,  Fourth  Sergeant  and  Sergeant- 
Major  ;  1816,  Ensign;  1817,  Lieutenant ;  1819,  Captain  ;  1825,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  ;  1826,  Colonel  ;  1836,  Brigadier-tieneral,  Sixty-third  Brigade  ;  1844, 
Major-General,  Third  Division.  He  organized  two  regiments  for  the  Mexican 
War.  1863,  Commissioner  of  Drafting  in  New  York.  One  of  the  founders 
of  the  College  of  Pharmacy,  for  some  time  its  President.  President  of  the 
Pharmaceutical  Association  of  the  United  States.  Member  of  the  St.  Nicholas 
Society.     Vestryman  and  Treasurer  of  Christ  Church,  Episcopal, 

No.  404. — February,  1806.  Edward  Sebring,  Wealthy  Merchant  and 
President  of  the  State  Bank,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

No.  453.  —  October,  1807.  Jact)b  Acker,  Alderman  of  the  Seventeenth 
Ward,  1837.     Sheriff  of  New  York  from  January,  1838,  to  1841. 

No.  563. — September,  1810.     Abraham  Tennure,  Pilot,  New  York. 

No.  565. — September,  1810.    Abraham  Montanye,  Merchant,  New  Orleans. 

No.  597. — yuly,  1811.  Thomas  H.  Locke,  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  many 
years,  Penn  Yan,  Yates  Co.,  N.  Y. 

No.  785. — yune,  1816.     Samuel  Dickson,  Merchant,  Charleston,  S.  C. 


239 

No.  797. — February,  1817.     James  Dickson,  Merchant,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

No.  812. — April,  181 7.  James  N.  Nack,  in  County  Clerk's  office  from 
1830  to  1864.  Possessed  poetical  talent  of  a  high  oider.  See  his  Memoir, 
written  by  General  Wetmore.  His  "  Letjeiids  of  the  Rocks,"  and  more  than 
sixty  miscellaneous  Odes  and  Sonnets,  were  published  in  1827.  In  1850  "  The 
Immortal  "  and  other  poems,  prefaced  with  a  Memoir  by  General  Cleorge  P. 
Morris,  were  given  to  the  public,  from  the  press  of  Stringer  &  Townsend,  and 
in  1859  "  The  Romance  of  the  Ring  "  and  several  minor  poems  were  published. 

No.  857. — May,  1818.  Jacub  Vanderbilt,  Principal  for  many  years  of 
Hackensack  Academy,  N.  J. 

No.  897. — yutie,  1819.  Samuel  E.  Sproulls,  upon  graduating  (1824) 
engaged  with  Inglee,  Fuller  &  Co.,  127  Maiden  Lane,  Shipping  and  Commis- 
sion Merchants.  1827,  was  sent  in  a  vessel  owned  by  the  firm  lo  Matanzas, 
Cuba,  with  consignment  of  cargo  and  letters  of  credit.  In  the  following  year 
he  accepted  an  offer  made  him  by  Spofford,  Tileslon  &  Co.,  with  whom  he 
remained  until  January,  1831,  when,  by  their  advice,  he  went  to  Charleston 
and  entered  into  co-partnership  with  Baker,  Gregory  &  Co.  1833,  the  firm 
l)ecame  Baker,  Sproulls  &  Co.  They  also  established  a  house  in  this  city, 
117  Maiden  Lane.  1838,  sold  out  his  interest,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Rankin,  Sproulls  &  Co.,  connected  with  Rankin,  Duryee  &  Co.,  a 
wealthy  concern  of  Newark,  N.  J.  1846,  dissolved  partnership  and  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Hurral,  Sproulls  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Saddlery  and 
Harness,  119  William  Street.  1853,  removed  to  27  Chambers  Street,  and 
continued  the  business  under  the  firm  name  of  Sproulls,  Meeker  &  Co.  until 
|une,  1863,  when  the  co-partnership  expired,  and  he  retired  from  mercantile 
pursuits.  While  in  Charleston,  was  a  member  of  the  New  England  Society 
and  of  the  Chaml^er  of  Commerce.  Was  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, New  York  ;  of  the  Historical  Society,  and  a  life  memlier  of  the  Society 
of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  1856.  1851,  became  a  Trustee  of  the  Mutual 
Life  Insurance  Company,  and  still  holds  tiiat  office.  1855,  was  instrumental 
in  organizing  the  Importers  and  Traders'  Bank,  and  served  as  Director  until 
February,  1866,  when  he  became  President  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange  Bank. 
February  i,  1870,  resigned  as  President,  but  continued  as  Director  until  1872. 

No.  996. — May,  1822.  George  S.  Conover,  Superintendent  Market 
Street  Sunday  School  1833  to  1853.  Member  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
N.  Y.  S.  S.  Union  1845  to  1856.  Vice-President  N.  Y.  S.  S.  L^nion  1856 
to  1862. 

No.  1,019.  -Alarcli,  1823.  Theodore  Frost,  Searcher  in  the  Tax  Office, 
New  York.  Was  appointed  August,  1843,  when  the  office  was  created,  with 
General  Henry  T.  Kiersted  as  Collector,  and  still  maintains  iiis  connection 
with  it.     1848  ^,  Trustee  of  Common  Schools,  Eightli  Ward. 

No.  1,160.  -j^unf,  1827.  William  Anderson,  after  graduating  from 
the  School,  and  while  preparing  for  the  Ministry  at  New  Brunswick,  his  healili 
failed.  Became  a  Civil  Engineer,  and  as  such,  among  other  important  work>, 
assisted  in  superintending  the  construction  of  the  Croton  Aqueduct  from  Ford- 
ham  to  the  Forty-secontl  Street  Reservoir.  Having  regained  his  health,  after 
graduating  at  the  New  York  University,  he  entered  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  New  Brunswick.  1849,  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  l^ecame  pastor  of  the 
Church  at  Peapack,  N.  J.  1856,  was  settled  at  Fairview,  111.  1859,  was 
settled  at  Newtown,  L.  I.  1866,  removed  to  East  Greenbush,  near  Albany. 
1877,  removed  U)  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  where  he  still  remains,  having  one  of  his 
sons  as  Assistant  Pastor. 

No.  1,216.  —September,  1830.  John  H.  Chainl)ers.  1845  ^-  I^epi'lv 
City    Inspector.       1848  9,    .\ssi>.tant    to  Clerk   of  Common    Council.       1S40. 


240 

aiipoinled  Secretary  of  the  Board  uf  Health  by  Gov.  Morgan.  Drs.  Alexander 
F.  Vache,  William  P.  Buel,  Isaac  Greene,  Ovid  P.  Wells,  John  M.  Lawrence 
and  Henry  M.  Whittlesey,  Physicians  at  the  various  Cholera  Hospitals,  at  the 
close  of  the  year  presented  Mr.  Chambers  with  testimonials  of  the  valuable 
services  rendered  by  him  during;  the  prevalence  of  the  epidemic.  From  among 
the  many  testimonials  received  by  him  we  append  only  the  following  : 

Mr.  John  H.  Chambers — Dear  Sir :  Having  been,  as  the  Medical  Advisers  of 
tlie  Board  of  Health,  the  daily  vvitnsss  ol  your  conduct  as  Secretary  of  the  Sanitary 
Committee,  it  gives  us  great  pleasure  to  beir  our  testimony  to  the  uniform  courtesy, 
zeal  and  ability  which  vou  displayed  in  the  discharge  of  your  duties.  During  the  preva- 
lence of  the  cholera  those  duties  were  peculiarly  arduous,  and  we  acknowledge,  with 
grateful  feelings,  tiie  prompt  and  efficient  assistance  rendered  by  you  on  all  occasions 
where  your  services  were  called  into  requisition.  With  our  sincere  wishes  for  your 
success  in  life,  we  remain  very  truly  yours,  Richard  L.  Morris    M.  D. 

John  B.  Beck,  M.  D  ,  i  Health  Commissioner. 

Joseph  M.  Smith,  M.  D.,       r Medical  AdTisers.        Seth  Geek,  M.  D., 
Samcel  W.  Moore,  M.  D.,  )  Resident  Physician. 

1850-52,  Assistant  Deputy  Clerk  of  Common  Council.  1852  to  1858, 
Deputy  Clerk  of  Common  Council.  1861,  Collector  of  Assessments  for  Central 
Park.  1863  to  1869,  Librarian  and  Registrar  of  New  York  Free  Academy — 
College  of  City  of  New  York,  .\pril,  1875,  to  date.  Water  Registrar,  Croton 
Aqueduct  Department. 

No.  1,285.  -Octolic'r,  1832.  Henrietta  Ciariis,  an  .\ssistanl-Teacher  in  the 
School  from  May  i,  1843,  ^o  Noveml)er  I,  1 846. 

No.  1,336.  -.^/^//,  1834.  William  H.  Burras,  Trusiee  of  the  Common 
Schools  (Fifth  Ward)  eight  years,  from  1865  to  1872.  inclusive.  For  the  last 
twelve  years  has  been  Secretary  of  the  Apprentices'  Library,  supported  by  the 
General  Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  New  York  City. 

No.  1,444.  —  October,  1837.  John  Henry  Magonigle,  Assistant-Teacher 
in  the  School  from  February  i,  1845,  to  May  i,  1852. 

No.  1,543. — September,  1841.  Cornelius  T.  Downs,  for  three  years  in 
the  69th  Indiana  Regiment,  and  was  in  twelve  hard-fought  battles. 

No.  1,544.  -September,  1841.  John  S.  Downs,  Captain  of  the  First 
Scott  Life  Guards,  so  distinguished  himself  during  the  first  year  of  the  Civil 
War  as  to  be  complimeiued  iiy  his  senior  officers.  He  fell  at  the  battle  of 
Sharpsburgh,  September  17,  1862.  Officers  and  privates,  detailed  for  the 
purpose,  escorted  his  remains  lo  his  home,  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  the  interment 
was  with  high  military  honors. 

No.  1,572. — April,  1842.  Racliel  .\.  Mickens,  .\ssistant -Teacher  in  the 
School  from  November  I,  1847,  to  May  i,  185 1. 

No.  1,573. — April,  1842.  Sarah  C.  Mickens,  Assistant -Teacher  in  the 
School  from  November  i,  1847,  lo  August  i,  185 1. 

No.  1,582.  y«w^,  1842.  William  H.  Slorrs,  Teacher  and  \'ice-Principal 
ill  the  Common  Scliools  of  iliis  city.  For  twenty-three  years  was  Principal  of 
Schools  in  New  Jersey  and  New  York,  and  with  great  success.  Since  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1872,  has  been  a  preacher  of  the  fiospel  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

No.  1,614.  —yi/ne,  1843.     James  W.  Purdy,  Physician,  Brooklyn. 

No.  i,b$6.^ September,  1844.  Matthew  Petliner,  Graduate  (1861)  of 
the  "Eclectic  School  of  Medicine,"  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

No.  1,705.  J/a;r//,  1846.  Jacob  Powles,  memlxrr  of  48lh  New  York 
Yolunteers,  August,  1862,  was  engaged  at  Morris  Island,  Battery  Wagner, 
Olustee,  Florida  ;  Bermuda  Hundreds.  Severely  wounded  at  Coal  Harbor, 
June,  1864.      Honorably  discharged  at  llie  close  of  the  war. 


241 

No.  1,712. — yune,  1846.  George  Cleiidenin,  after  the  commencement  of 
the  war,  joined  the  Rhode  Island  Volunteers,  was  rapidly  promoted  and  served 
as  First-Lieutenant  throughout  the  Peninsular  campaign.  Subsequently  became 
Captain,  Major  and  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  previous  to  his  decease  (Feb- 
ruary 8,  1882)  was  stationed  at  Fort  Benton,  Montana,  liearing  the  rank  of 
Colonel  and  Assistant  Adjutant-General. 

No.  \,'ji^.  —yune,  1846.  Elsie  J.  Nicholson,  Assistant-Teacher  in  the 
School  from  August  I,  1851,  to  June  I,  1859. 

No.  \,'j\%.— September,  1846.  William  H.  Maverick,  for  fifteen  years 
previous  to  his  death  (1877),  was  engaged  in  the  Ministry.  Was  Missionary  in 
the  South,  and  subsequently  was  settled  at  Waverley  and  Farmingville,  L.  L 

No.  1.734. — March,  1847.  Samuel  G.  Jelliffe,  Attorney  and  Counselor- 
at-Law.  Commissioner  of  Common  Schools,  New  York,  from  May  16,  1877, 
to  January  I,  1880. 

No.  1,754. — September,  1847.  William  D.  Jones,  Attorney  and  Coun- 
selor-al-Law,  New  York. 

N).  \.'](p.  —April,  1848.  Henry  Vehslage,  ordained  and  installed, 
July  23,  1861,  as  Pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  Irvington,  N.  J., 
where  he  still  remains. 

No.  1,796.  —April,  1848.  Catharine  E.  Yereance,  Assistant-Teacher  in 
the  School  from  December  I,  1853,  to  November  I,  1863. 

No.  1,815.  —  October,  1848.  Henry  E.  Roth,  Graduate  of  the  College  ol 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York.  1863,  appointed  Apothecary  of  U.  S. 
Steamer  Mercedita,  under  Rear- Admiral  George  M.  Ransom.  September  i, 
1864,  Joined  the  39th  Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  and  participated 
in  the  whole  Petersburgh,  Va.,  campaign  from  that  date.  Detailed  by 
(ieneral  Potter  to  take  charge  of  the  medical  supplies  of  First  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Ninth  Army  Corps,  following  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Was  wounded  at  Port  Royal.  At  present,  practicing 
Physician,  Harrison,  N.  J. 

No.  \,%2(i.— February ,  1849.  Charles  Ruston,  Attorney  and  Counselor- 
at  Law,  New  York. 

No.  1,828.  —Februarv,  1849.  Henry  S.  SprouU,  Commercial  Reporter, 
New  York. 

No.  \,%Ty2.— April,  1849.  Thomas  E.  Babb,  Pastor  of  Congregational 
Church,  Easiport,  Maine,  from  Septemlier,  1868,  to  April,  187 1.  Pastor  of 
Congregational  Church,  Oxford,  Mass.,  from  May,  1871,  to  May,  1877, 
Pastor  of  Presbyterian  Church,  Victor,  N.  Y.,  from  October,  1877,  to  June, 
1883,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Congregational  Church,  West  Brook- 
field,  Mass. 

No.  1,856.  -Ncrvember,  1849.  Jo.seph  Pettiner,  memlier  of  the  14th 
(Brooklyn)  Regiment,  was  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  and  in 
every  battle  in  which  the  regiment  was  engaged  up  to  Gettysburgh.  Was 
furloughed  on  account  of  .severe  illness.  When  recovered,  joined  75th  New 
York  Regiment.  Fought  under  Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  at 
Martinsburgh,  Winchester,  etc.  Was  taken  prisoner,  incarcerated  in  Libby 
Prison  for  five  months,  and,  after  Ijeing  exchanged,  was  mustered  out, 
having  served  three  and  a-half  years. 

No.  \,%<^\.— February,  1850.  Charles  R.  Munson,  participated  in  seven- 
teen battles,  ii2lh  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  between  August,  1862,  and 
June  20,  1865,  when  he  was  mustered  out  with  the  rank  of  Sergeant.  Joined 
consecutively  the  loth,  17th  and  22d  Regiments  Infantry,  guarding  the  frontiers 


242 

of  Texas,   Dakota  and  Montana.     Was  promoted  rapidly  from  Corporal  to 
Seri^eant-Major,  and  retired  to  civil  life  in  1878. 

No.  1,896. — March,  1850.  Lydia  A.  Arkills,  Assistant-Teacher,  Grammar 
School  No.  15,  from  October,  1859,  to  June,  1879. 

No.  1,899. — March,  1850.  Daniel  J.  Haring,  August,  1862,  to  June,  1863, 
in  22d  Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteers.  Was  in  the  engagements  at  Fred- 
ericksburgh  and  Chancellorsville,  with  First  Army  Corps. 

No.  1,915. —  y«/v,  1850.  David  Ferdon,  served  in  the  Third  Army  Corps 
from  August,  15,  1862,  with  lith  New  Jersey  Volunteers.  Was  engaged  at 
Fredericksburgh,  Cliancellorsville,  Getlysburgh,  Whapping  Heights,  James 
City  and  elsewhere.  Taken  prisoner  Octoljer,  1863.  Suffered  many  hardships 
in  one  of  the  Libby  prisons,  in  Andersonville  and  other  places  until  released  in 
Florida,  April,  1865.  Honorably  discharged,  June,  1865,  after  a  service  of  two 
years  and  ten  months. 

No.  1,933. — November,  1850.  Peter  Palmer,  on  President  Lincoln's  pro- 
clamation and  first  call  for  75,cxx)  men,  served  with  the  7th  Regiment  at 
Annapolis  and  Washington  from  April  19,  1861,  to  June  ist.  April  30,  1861, 
while  quartered  at  Washington,  appointed  First  Sergeant.  September  13, 
1861,  elected  Second  Lieutenant.  When  Stonewall  Jackson  drove  General 
Banks  into  Maryland  and  threatened  the  Capitol,  served  again  at  Washington 
from  May  25  until  August  29,  1862.  During  the  campaign  was  elected  First 
Lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  Acting-Adjutant  of  the  Regiment.  Served 
again  in  defence  of  the  Capitol  in  1863,  when  Lee  crossed  the  Potomac,  leaving 
New  York  in  command  of  the  Company  in  the  absence  of  Captain  (now 
Colonel)  Emmons  Clark.  June  30,  1864,  elected  Captain,  and  resigned  Sep- 
tember 23,  1867.     Is  now  a  veteran  of  the  7th. 

No.  1,938.  —  yanuary,  185 1.  John  K.  Demarest,  graduated  New  Vork 
University  June  18,  1863.  Graduated  Theological  Seminary,  Princeton,  N.  J., 
1866.  Ordained  and  installed  Pastor  Presbyterian  Church,  Palisades,  N.  Y., 
October,  1866.  Installed  Pastor,  Owensboro,  Ky.,  December,  1869.  Installed 
Pastor  Westminster  Church,  Twenty-second  street,  New  York,  1872.  Installed 
Pastor,  Gettysburgh,  Pa.,  1875,  where  he  still  remains. 

No.  1,946. — February,  1851.  Mary  C.  Vanderbilt,  Teacher  in  Grammar 
School  No.  35,  from  March  14,  1859,  to  March,  1863. 

No.  1,947.  —  February,  1851.  Sarah  L.  Vanderl^ilt,  Assistant-Teacher  in 
the  School  from  March,  1853,  to  December  15,  1856,  from  which  date  she  was 
an  Assistant-Teacher,  Grammar  Department,  Grammar  School  No.  35.  Ap- 
pointed Vice-Principal  of  Primary  Department  May  16,  1859,  and  was  Prin- 
cipal from  March  5,  1863,  to  November  i,  1863. 

No.  1,959- — April,  1851.  Sarah  A.  Van  Orden,  Teacher  in  Grammar 
School  No.  35,  from  May  7,  1863,  to  September,  1868. 

No.  1,975. — September,  1851.  Alexander  F.  Kircheis,  Attorney  and 
Counselor  at-Law,  New  York. 

No.  1,976. — September,  1851.  Charles  A.  Kircheis,  Attorney  and  Coun- 
selor-at-Law,  New  York. 

No.  1,977. — September,  1851.  William  H.  Kircheis,  Attorney  and  Coun- 
selor-at-Law,  New  York. 

No.  2,002. ^May  12,  1852.  N.  I.  Marselus  Bogert,  graduated  from  the 
Theological  Seminary,  New  Brunswick,  1867.  Pastor  Reformed  Dutch 
Church,  Metuchin,  N.  J.,  October  i,  1867.  Resigned  on  account  of  his 
health,  February  i,  1870.  April  i,  1876,  to  June  i,  1881,  Pastor  Presbyterian 
Church,  White  Haven,  Luzerne  County,  Pa.     At  latter  date  became  Pastor  of 


243 

the  Presbyterian  Church,  Bellport,  Lona;  Island.  Received  into  the  Classis  of 
Philadelphia,  Oct.  2 1st,  and  installed  Pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church 
at  Clover  Hill,  N.  J.,  November  I2th,  1884. 

No.  2,011. — May,  1852.  Louis  P.  Kircheis,  Attorney  and  Counselor-at- 
Law,  New  York. 

No.  2,039. — March,  1853.  Thos.  VV.  McKee,  served  in  civil  war  in  famous 
5th  Michigan  Cavalry  for  three  years ;  exposed  to  great  perils  in  Mississippi 
Valley,  and  took  part  in  Sherman's  "March  to  the  Sea."  Prisoner  also  in 
Andersonville. 

No.  2,053. — September,  1853.  John  Jacob  Diehl,  Oct.  i,  1853,  enrolling 
officer  for  the  15th  New  York  Volunteers,  Heavy  Artillery,  by  Special  Order 
No.  4,536,  Head-quarters,  State  of  New  York,  Adjutant-General's  Office, 
Albany.  February  19,  1864,  mustered  in  as  Second  Lieutenant  at  Arlington,  Va., 
by  Captain  Van  Horn.  Aug.  22,  1864,  acted  at  the  battle  on  the  Weldon 
Railroad  as  Aide-de-camp  on  staff  of  Brigadier-General  R.  B.  Ayres,  by 
Special  Order,  No.  47,  Head-quarters  Second  Division,  Fifth  Army  Corps. 
Oct.  14,  1864,  Aide-de  camp,  by  Special  Order  No.  75,  Head-quarters  -Second 
Division,  Fifth  Army  Corps.  Nov.  23,  1864,  mustered  in  as  First  Lieutenant  in 
the  field  at  Petersburgh,  Va.,  by  Captain  W.  Gentry.  March  13,  1865,  Brevet- 
Captain  United  States  Volunteers  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  Ijefore 
Petersburgh  and  on  the  Weldon  Railroad.  April  i,  1865,  Brevet-Major  United 
States  Volunteers  for  gallant  conduct  at  Battle  of  Five  Forks,  Va.  With  15th 
Regiment  New  York  Volunteer  Heavy  Artillery,  participated  in  the  battles  of 
the  Wilderness,  Spoltsylvania,  North  Anna,  Tolopotomy,  Bethesda  Church  and 
Petersburg,  and  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  Ayres,  Weldon  Railroad,  White 
Oak  Road,  Hatcher's  Run,  Chapel  House,  Five  Forks,  Dinwiddle  Court 
House,  and  at  surrender  of  Lee.  September  2,  1865,  discharged  (at  the  age 
of  19)  by  Special  Order  No.  194,  Headquarters,  Department  of  Washington, 
D.  C. 

No.  ■2,0')().~ September,  1853.  William  ^L  Kemp,  Physician,  New 
York. 

No.  2,072. — November,  1853.  Olivia  Wendover,  Assistant-Teacher  in  the 
School  from  December  i,  1856,  to  October  i,    1864. 

"i^o.  2,\o^.  — October,  1854.  Louis  E.  Genin,  Assistant-Manager  Union 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  New  York. 

No.  2, 12T,. —February,  1855.  Emil  Walser,  Merchant  in  London,  with  a 
large  manufactory  fir  white  embroidered  goods  in  Switzerland.  A  leading 
Elder  in  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 

No.  2,12"].  — March,  1855.  James  R.  Hitchcock,  Colonel  of  9th  Regiment 
from  February  i,  1875,  until  his  decease,  April  12,  1878. 

No.  2,137. — May,  1855.     Charles  Roih,  Pharmacist,  Harrison,  N.J. 
No.  2,138. — June,   1855.     Euphemia   Powles,  Assistant-Teacher  in   the 
School  from  December  i,  1864,  to  April  i,  1867. 

No.  2, 1$^.— December,  1855.  Julia  Ostrom,  .\rtist.  Her  paintings  have 
been  awarded  premiums  at  Academy  of  Design,  San  Francisco.  At  present, 
Professor  of  Drawing,  Music  and  Penmanship  of  State  Normal  College,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal. 

No.  2,159. — May,  1856.  Kate  E.  Jones,  Teacher  in  Grammar  School 
No.  35  from  January  9,  i860,  until  June,  1871. 

No.  2,162. — Jioie,  1856.  Ann  E.  Mabie,  Assistant -Teacher  in  the  School 
from  November  i,  1863,  to  December  i,  1864. 


244 

No.  2,167. — September,  1856.  Robert  H.  T.  Leipold  was  three  years  in 
the  Civil  War,  and  served  in  bailies  at  Hanover  Court  House,  Gaines's  Mills, 
Charles  City  C.  R.,  Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Run,  Antietam  (was  promoted 
for  gallantry  at  this  battle),  Fredericksburg,  Gettysburg,  Brandy  Station, 
Spottsylvania  Court  House,  North  Anna  River,  Coal  Harbor,  Wasilian  Station 
and  Petersburg.  In  Libby  prison  five  months  and  at  Belle  Island.  As  Cor- 
poral he  was  Orderly  and  Despatch-Bearer  under  Generals  Kearney,  McClellan, 
Porter  and  Locke.  Horse  shot  under  him  at  battle  of  Second  Bull  Run.  Left 
tlie  army  June,  1865,  and  entered  the  Treasury  Department,  Washington, 
1872,  Chief  of  the  Division  of  Public  Moneys.  1874,  Chief  of  the  Division  of 
Warrants,  Estimates  and  Appropriations  ;  selected  as  one  of  the  three  Com- 
missioners for  settling  the  aflairs  of  the  Freedman's  Savings  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, June,  1874,  which  office  he  filled  for  seven  years.  Now  Attorney  and 
Counselor-at-Law,  Washington,  D.  C. 

No.  2, i6().— September^  1856.  Sarah  C.  Mott,  Assistant-Teacher  in  the 
School,  from  January,  1870,  to  the  present  time. 

No.  2,187. — April,  1857.  Henry  F.  Lippold,  Attorney  and  Counselor- 
at-Law,  New  York. 

No.  2,197. — May,  1857.  George  H.  Lehmkuhl  served  in  the  Navy 
through  the  war.  Was  at  the  capture  of  Forts  Gaines  and  Morgan,  Mobile 
Bay.  Returning  home  at  the  close  of  the  war,  the  vessel  was  wrecked  ofi 
Hatteras,  and  he  lost  his  life. 

No.  2,206.  —yuly,  1857.  William  Cleverley,  June,  1862,  joined  12th 
Regiment  New  York  State  Militia.  Sept.,  1862,  taken  prisoner  at  surrender 
of  Harper's  Ferry.  His  parole  declared  invalid  by  the  Government.  Joined 
I76lh  New  York  Slate  Volunteers.  Again  a  prisoner,  at  surrender  of  Brashier 
City  to  the  Confederates,  April,  1863.  When  mustered  out  of  the  service, 
November,  1863,  he  received,  by  a  vote  of  the  officers,  a  gold  medal,  on  which 
was  inscribed,  "  To  the  best  and  most  faithful  soldier  of  the  176th  N.  Y.  S.  V.," 
and  on  the  reverse,  "  Presented  to  Sergeant  William  Cleverley  by  Major  M. 
Morgans,  Jr." 

No.  2,2\^.— December,  1857.    Wm.  L.  Van  Dyke,  Pharmacist,  Brooklyn. 

No.  2,226. — May,  1858.  Helen  A.  Little,  Assistant-Teacher  Grammar 
School  No.  41  since  1878. 

No.  2,252. — ya7t!ia7y,  1859.  John  P.  Krechting,  Pastor  of  German 
Lutheran  Church,  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  1870  to  1879.  Since  then,  of  the 
English  Lutheran  Church,  New  Germantown,  N.  J. 

No.  2,285.  —September,  1859.  Peter  I.  Ackerman,  Company  C,  22d 
New  Jersey  Volunteers.  On  guard  at  Washington,  Acquia  Creek,  etc,  in 
First  Army  Corps,  for  nine  months,  from  September  1st,  1862. 

No.  2,366. — April,  1861.     John  E.  Willard,  Evangelist,  England. 

No.  2,^\<).^Noziember,  1861.  Rachel  A.  Van  Voorhis,  Vice- Principal  in 
the  School  from  December  I,  1865,  to  September  I,  1875. 

No.  2,463. — February,  1862.  John  H.  Stoutenburgh,  Attorney  and 
Counselor-at-lavv,  New  York. 

No.  2,474. — April,  1862.  John  A.  Steele,  Attorney  and  Counselor-at- 
Law,  Albany,   N.  Y. 

No.  2,482.— JA?/,  1862.     Daniel  H.  Smith,  Physician,  New  York. 

No.  2,524.  January,  1863.  Bloomfield  Littell,  Attorney  and  Counselor- 
at-Law,  New  York.  — 


245 

No.  2,530. — Febrnarv,  1863.  Mary  Lowe,  Assistant-Teacher  in  the 
School  from  Noveml^er,  1864,  to  November,  1870. 

No.  Z,y^%.— March,  1863.  Walter  Van  Emburyh,  D.  D.  S.,  Yonkers, 
N.  Y. 

No.  2,545.— il/rt_}',  1863.  Lewis  R.  McCulloch,  Attorney  and  Counselor- 
at-Law,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

No.  2,556. — September,  1863.  Agnes  A.  Brennan,  Vice-Principal  Pull- 
man City  Institute  for  Young  Ladies,  Illinois. 

No.  2,576.  —  October,  1863.  Edward  V.  Thornall,  Attorney  and  Coun- 
selor-at-law,  New  York. 

No.  2,592.  —  January,  1864.  Julius  H.  Wolff,  June,  1874,  graduated 
from  German  Theological  .Seminary,  Newark,  N.  J.  July,  1874,  licensed  and 
ordained.  In  charge  of  Fourteenth  Street  Mission,  New  York,  June,  1874,  to 
May,  1875,  when  he  was  settled  over  his  present  charge — Third  German 
Presbyterian  Church,  Newark. 

No.  2,396. — February,  1864.  Samuel  H.  Mabie,  Telegraph  Reporter, 
Gold  and  Stock  E.xchange  since  1873. 

No.  2,610. — May,  1864.  Francis  Z.  Demarest,  Attorney  and  Counselor- 
at-Law,  New  York. 

No.  2,695. — September,  1865.  Samuel  J.  Oerter,  Professor  of  Music, 
New  York. 

No.  2,709. — November,  1865.  Clarissa  AUason,  Teacher  Common  Schools 
since  1878. 

No.  2,721. — December,  1865.  JohnU.  Crygier,  graduated  June  10,  1879, 
as  Cadet  Engineer  United  States  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md.  June  loth^ 
1881,  Commissioned  Assistant-Engineer,  with  rank  of  Ensign. 

No.  2,742. — May,  1866.  Martha  W.  Allason,  Principal  of  Private  School, 
New  York. 

No.  2,871. — September,  1868.  Walter  B.  Styles,  Missionary  to  the  Hoon- 
yah  Indians,  Alaska,  and  Postmaster  at  Sitka. 

No.  2,937. — September,  1869.  William  R.  Chapman,  Organist,  Church 
of  the  Covenant,  New  York.  Teacher  of  Music  in  sixteen  schools  and  Con- 
ductor of  the  Bank  Clerks'  Musical  Association,  and  of  the  Musurgia. 

No.  2,944. — September,  1869.  Mary  Frances  Losee,  Assistant-Teacher  in 
the  School,  from  September  i,  1871,  to  September  i,  1875. 

No.  2,957. — October,  1869.  J.Harrison  Brownlee,  Government  Surveyor 
and  Civil  and  Mining  Engineer,  Brandon,  Manitoba  ;  and  Foreign  Correspond- 
ing Member  of  the  American  Geographical  and  New  York  Historical  Societies. 

No.  2,972. — January,  1870.     Charles  H.  De  Lamater,  D.D.S. ;  N.  Y. 

No.  2,998. — April,  1870.  Archibald  G.  Brownlee,  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment, Fort  Yates,  Dakota  Territory.  Since  May  30,  1883,  in  the  Assistant 
Adjutant-General's  Office,  Head-quarters  Military  Division  of  the  N.  W., 
Chicago,  under  General  Sheridan. 

No.  3,021. — June,  1870.  Matilda  C.  De  La  Croix,  Principal  of  Home 
Industrial  School,  No.  10,  New  York. 

No.  3,179.—  October,  1871.     William  J.  Burns,  Pharmacist,  New  York. 
No.  3,222. — March,  1872.     Willard  Parker  Beach,  Physician,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 


246 


TWO  HUNDRED  AND  riFTIETH  AKKIVEKSARY 


SCHOOL 


As  early  as  1881  the  initiatory  steps  were  taken  by  the  Board 
of  Trustees  for  celebrating  the  quarter-millennial  of  the  Institution. 
This  celebration  was  held  in  the  Collegiate  Dutch  Church,  Fifth 
Avenue  and  Twenty-ninth  Street,  on  the  evening  of  Nov.  22, 
1883,  a  large  and  appreciative  audience  being  in  attendance. 

The  pulpit  was  occupied  by  the  senior  pastor.  Rev.  Thomas  E. 
Vermilye,  D.  D. ,  LL.  D. ;  the  presiding  officer,  Rev.  Talbot  W, 
Chambers,  D.  D. ;  Rev.  Edward  B.  Coe,  D.  D. ;  Rev.  Sullivan  H. 
Weston,  D. D. ;  Samuel  G.  Jelliffe,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  Henry  W. 
Dunshee,  the  Principal  of  the  School. 

Among  the  clergy  present  were  : 

Rev.  John  A.  Lansing,  D.D.;  Rev. William  V.  V.  Mabon,  D.D.;  Rev. 
G.  H.  Mandeville,  D.D. ;  Rev.  John  L.  See,  D.D.;  Rev.  Roderick  Terry, 
D.D.;  Rev.  Paul  D.  Van  Cleef,  D.D.;  Rev.  J.  Howard  Suydam,  D.D.;  Rev. 
A.  R.  Van  Nest,  D.D. ;  Revs.  William  Anderson,  Graduate  1831;  Henry 
De  Vries,  Elijah  S.  Fairchild,  Isaac  E.  House,  Charles  Parker,  John  Ruston, 
William  H.  Storrs,  Graduate  1847  ;  Abraham  Thompson,  Henry  Vehslage, 
Graduate  1848  ;  and  Oliver  H.  Walser. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  was  fully  represented  by  : 

Messrs.    Henry    W.    Bookslaver,    Chairman  ;    James    Anderson,    M.D., 

Frederick  R.  Hutton,  Ralph  N.  Perlee,  Robert  Schell,  Abraham  V.  W.  Van 

Vechten,  and  Augustus  S.  Whiton. 

The  Ex-Trustees  and  Consistory  by  : 

Messrs.  Richard  Amerman,  William  Bogardus,  Abraham  Bogardus, 
William  L.  Brower,  John  S.  Bussing,  Charles  A.  Colby,  William  H.  Dunning, 
Peter  Donald,  James  S.  Franklin,  John  Graham,  David  Gillespie,  William  P. 
Glenney,  Wdliam  C.  Giffing,  George  S.  Stitt,  John  Van  Nest,  Henry  Van 
Arsdale,  M.D. ;  James  Voorhis  and  Peter  R.  Warner. 

The  St.  Nicholas  Society  by  a  delegation  consisting  of  : 
Messrs.  John  D.  Wilson,  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  Robert  G.  Renisen,  James 

H.   Beekman,   Frederick  J.    De   Peyster,  A.   R.   Macdonough,  Benjamin   L. 

Swan,  Jr.;  William  H.  De  Launay,  Edgar  De  Peyster  and  Thomas  Storm, 

Among  other  gentlemen  present  were  : 

Messrs.  Samuel  E.  Sproulls,  Graduate  1824  and  Ex-President  of  the  Mer- 
chants' Exchange  Bank  ;  Frederick  W.  Devoe,  Commissioner  of  Education  ; 
Thomas  Dickson,  President  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company  ;  Col. 
Thomas  F.  Devoe,  William  M.  McLaury,  M.D. ;  Prof.  David  B.  Scoit,  of  the 
New  York  College  ;  Henry  B.  Dawson,  Historian  ;  representatives  from  the 


TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY  247 

Vestry  of  Trinity  Church,  the  Historical  and  Geograpical  Societies,  and  other 
invited  guests,  who  occupied  the  pews  on  either  side  of  the  pulpit  and  in  the 
body  of  the  church. 

The  interior  of  the  church  was  tastefully  draped  with  the 
colors  of  Holland  and  the  United  States,  the  former  of  which 
was  loaned  for  the  occasion  by  Hon.  John  R.  Planten,  Consul- 
General  of  the  Netherlands.  Back  of  the  pulpit,  standing  out 
conspicuously  above  the  colors  of  the  two  nationalities,  was  set 
a  beautiful  floral  piece,  representing  the  coat-of-arms  of  William 
of  Orange,  quartered  in  red,  orange,  pink  and  white.  Directly 
facing  this  was  festooned,  in  front  of  the  organ,  the  motto  of  the 
school,  Ora  et  Labor  a. 

The  programme  for  the  evening  was  as  follows  : 

1.  Organ  Voluntary  and  Processional. 

2.  Anthem,  "I  will  Give  Thanks" — Barnhy. 

3.  Prayer,  Rev.  Thomas  E.  Vermilye,  D.D. 

4.  Solo  and  Chorus,  "Incline  Thine  Ear" — Himmei. 

5.  Historical  Address,  Rev.  T.  VV.  Chambers,  D.D. 

6.  Address,  Merrill  Edward  Gates,  Ph.  D.,  LL.D. 

7.  Anthem,   "Great  and  Marvelous  are  Thy  Works  " — Farmer. 

8.  Address,   Samuel  G.  Jelliffe,  Esq. 

9.  Address,  Rev.  Sullivan  H.  Weston,  D.D. 

ID.       DOXOLOY. 

II.     Benediction,  Rev.  Edward  B.  Coe,  D.D. 

The  music  was  rendered  by  a  choir  of  twenty-four  graduates 
of  the  School,  with  Mr.  Frederick  W.  Steins  as  Conductor,  and 
Miss  Mary  P.  Dunshee,  the  Vice-Principal  of  the  School,  as 
Organist  ;  and  the  ushers  were  also  from  among  graduates  of  the 
School. 

Mrs.  Sarah  McFarran,  a  lady  of  ninety-one  years,  the  oldest 
surviving  graduate  of  the  School,  which  she  left  in  1805,  after 
completing  the  course,  was  one  of  the  earliest  ladies  at  the 
Church.  That  she  gathered  around  herself  a  number  of  friends 
on  that  occasion  can  easily  be  comprehended,  and  that  she  was, 
too,  the  subject  of  the  warmest  congratulations. 


248  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

HISTORICAL      ADDRESS, 

By  Rev.  Talbot  W.  Chambers,  D.D. 


The  historical  address  of  Dr.  Chambers  opened  with  an 
allusion  to  the  state  of  affairs  in  Europe  at  the  time  when  this 
school  was  founded,  two  and  a  half  centuries  ago.  Cardinal 
Richelieu  was  at  that  time  ruler  of  France.  The  Thirty  Years' 
War  was  raging  through  Germany,  leaving  broad  tracks  of 
devastation  which  can  be  recognized  to  this  day  ;  and  Gustavus 
Adolphus  of  Sweden,  "the  Lion  of  the  North,"  had  but  recently 
yielded  up  his  Jife  on  the  plain  of  Lutzen,  when  a  chaplain  and 
a  schoolmaster  were  dispatched  from  Holland  to  the  young 
settlement  of  New  Amsterdam  —  a  fair  indication  of  the  spirit  of 
the  Home  Government,  and  the  principles  on  which  they 
proposed  to  rely  for  the  success  of  their  Colonial  venture.  One 
of  these  is  finely  illustrated  in  one  of  Carlyle's  essays,  where  he 
contrasts  moral  and  physical  forces  by  referring  to  the  famous 
Tartar  pyramid  of  skulls  (something,  like  that  of  Gizeh),  which 
struck  terror  in  every  direction,  while  at  that  very  time  there  was 
a  boy  playing  in  the  streets  of  a  German  city,  whose  fertile  brain 
would  produce  an  invention  to  last  through  all  time,  and  change 
the  face  of,  the  world.  The  builder  of  the  former  was  Genghis 
Khan,  the  prince  of  butchers  ;  the  other  was  Gutenberg,  the 
foster-father  of  the  art  of  printing.  Firmly  convinced,  as  the 
Hollanders  were,  that  the  pen  is  mightier  than  the  sword,  the 
Dutch  Government,  in  founding  the  new  settlement,  laid  learning 
and  religion  side  by  side  as  its  corner-stones. 

Three  years  after  the  opening  of  the  school  in  New  Amster- 
dam, Harvard  College  began  its  great  career,  starting  amid  the 
penury  of  the  early  settlers,  and  going  steadily  on  to  success  and 
wealth,  until  it  to-day  counts  its  resources  by  millions  of  dollars, 
and,  in  the  character  of  its  students  and  the  number  of  its 
instructors,  can  take  rank  with  the  famous  seats  of  learning  in 
the  Old  World.  The  Dutchmen,  however,  had  in  view  no  such 
career  for  their  little  enterprise.  They  founded  it  as  a  primary 
school,  and,  although  the  course  has  been  greatly  extended  in 
the  lapse  of  these  two  and  a  half  centuries,  the  school  has  ever 
been  content  to  remain  "a  school." 

The  records  of  the  early  history  of  our  Church  in  this  country 
are  exceedingly  meagre,  and  there  is,  consequently,  very  little  in 
the  way  of  detail  that  can  be  ascertained  in  regard  to  the  first  years 
of  its  progress.  We  have,  however,  the  names  of  the  seventeen 
masters  of  the  school,  beginning  with  Adam  Roelantsen  in  1633, 


OF    THE    SCHOOL.  249 

and  closing  with  the  present  Principal,  Mr.  Henry  W.  Dunshee, 
who  has  been  in  office  since  1842.  It  is  pleasant  to  note  that  in 
the  past  no  years  there  have  been  only  four  schoolmasters. 

Passing  on  to  the  scholars  who  had  received  instruction  in 
the  institution,  Dr.  Chambers  mentioned  the  fact,  that  in  the 
audience  was  a  lady,  now  in  her  ninety-first  year,  who  was 
graduated  at  the  school  in  1805,  and  whose  great-grandson  is 
now  one  of  its  pupils.  Colonel  Egbert  Benson,  an  honored 
member  of  one  of  the  old  families  of  our  city,  records  that  the 
early  years  of  his  life  were  passed  in  the  School  of  the  Collegiate 
Dutch  Church.  During  the  last  forty  years  twenty-three  hundred 
pupils  have  been  taught  and  trained,  the  history  of  1,100  of 
whom  can  be  traced  to-day.  Of  these  i.ioo,  58  percent,  are 
now  in  the  full  communion  of  the  Christian  Church.  Many  of 
them  have  gone  into  business,  where  they  bear  honorable 
records.  Ten  are  engaged  in  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel,  and 
there  is  now  one  in  training  for  the  sacred  office.  Fifteen  are 
in  the  practice  of  the  law.  Nine  have  become  physicians.  Nor 
is  there  lacking  a  creditable  "war  record."  During  the  Civil 
War  seventy  of  its  graduates  went  to  the  front,  and  not  a  few 
of  them  laid  down  their  lives  in  defence  of  their  native  land. 
The  theory  of  the  school  is,  that  the  children  shall  be  taught  in 
the  principles  of  our  holy  religion,  as  those  principles  are  formu- 
lated in  the  Heidelberg  Catechism.  A  Christian  atmosphere  has 
always  pervaded  the  exercises,  so  that,  while  the  idea  of  the 
institution,  as  one  in  which  knowledge  is  imparted  and  the 
mental  faculties  are  trained,  has  been  kept  steadily  in  view,  this 
has  ever  been  carried  on  amid  such  surroundings  and  under 
such  influences  as  would  tend  to  develop  traits  in  the  child 
which  would  incline  him  or  her  in  maturer  years  toward  the 
paths  of  righteousness  and  truth. 


THE   STUVVESANT    PEAR    TREE—  ViiU  p.   28 


250  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

PRESIDENT    GATES'    ADDRESS, 

The  Influence  of  Christianity  upon  Education. 


In  turning  over  the  leaves  of  translations  of  the  Chinese 
classics,  one  is  sadly  impressed  by  the  constant  responsibility 
which  the  Chinaman  seems  to  feel  for  the  proper  burial  of  the 
aged.  Page  after  page  takes  up  the  subject,  discussion  after  dis- 
cussion, starting  with  other  themes,  inevitably  ends  in  a  melan- 
choly relapse  to  this  sad  topic,  until  the  conviction  forces  itself 
upon  you  that  the  whole  life  of  the  Chinaman  is  overshadowed, 
and  his  whole  being  oppressed  by  the  responsibility  of  deciding 
how  properly  to  dispose  of  the  poor  mortal  remains  of  his  aged 
relatives  and  friends. 

Is  not  this  symbolic  of  the  awful  pressure  upon  China  of  a 
lifeless  past.f'  And  may  we  not  find  a  perfect  and  a  joyous 
contrast  to  it  in  the  wide-spread,  deep-felt  interest  in  the  life  of 
the  young  that  marks  our  own  land  and  our  own  age .? 

Your  presence  here  to-night  is  an  illustration  of  this  interest. 
As  a  nation,  we  are  enthusiasts  in  matters  of  education.  The 
maxim,  "Come,  let  us  live  for  our  children,"  seems  to  have 
permeated  American  life. 

This  interest  in  education  is  in  part  the  cause  and  in  part  the 
effect  of  our  steady  looking  toward  the  future.  As  a  people,  we 
are  systematically  and  persistently  hopeful.  As  a  nation,  our 
attention  is  too  constantly  fixed  upon  the  material  interests  of  the 
present,  upon  the  particular  piece  of  work  we  may  have  imme- 
diately in  hand.  When  our  thoughts  are  not  on  the  busy 
PRESENT,  we  look  forward  and  not  backward,  to  the  future  and 
not  to  the  past.  So  fixed  is  this  habit  of  mind  that  we  are  some- 
what surprised  when  we  find  that  we  have  a  past !  Even  this  last 
decade  of  "centennial  celebrations"  has  hardly  convinced  us 
that  we  have  a  history.  There  is  no  such  gratifying  novelty  with 
us  as  a  genuine  flavor  of  antiquity.  And  an  occasion  that  com- 
memorates any  event  connected  with  a  church  or  a  school  two 
hundred  and  fifty  years  old  is  indeed  a  novelty  among  us.  There 
are  but  half  a  dozen  places  in  the  land  where  such  an  anniversary 
is  possible. 

A  historic  address,  such  as  that  to  which  we  have  just  listened, 
should  remind  us  afresh  that  to  the  Dutch  who  settled  this 
part  of  the  country  we  owe,  among  many  debts,  one  for  the 
awakening  and  preserving  of  a  historic  consciousness  among  us. 
They  had  a  dress,  an  architecture,  a  language  and  social  cus- 


OF    THE    SCHOOL.  25 1 

toms,  strange  alike  tcus  now,  and  to  that  Mother-England,  with 
whose  earlier  history  ours  so  naturally  blends.  The  Dutch 
houses,  with  their  gable-ends  to  the  streets — built  of  the  little 
Holland-baked  bricks,  and  filled  with  Dutch  furniture,  and 
perhaps  with  Dutch  portraits — these  things  have  helped  always, 
and  still  help,  to  give  us  as  a  people  a  sense  of  historic  perspec- 
tive, a  vivid  consciousness  of  colonial  days,  and  a  direct  connec- 
tion with  Continental  Europe.  Our  early  associations  are  not 
confined  to  insular  England,  noble  a  heritage  as  is  our  share  in 
England's  past. 

Thus  the  history  of  this  Dutch  Church  School  takes  hold  on 
three  centuries  and  on  two  hemispheres.  The  especial  sig- 
nificance of  this  school  and  its  history  seems  to  me  to  lie  in  two 
facts  : 

I.  It  was  established  as  a  free  school,  the  first  free  school  on 
the  territory  of  this  State,  if  not  the  first  in  the  country. 

In  these  days,  now  that  a  place  is  fully  conquered  for  the 
free-school  system,  it  is  almost  impossible  for  us  to  understand 
the  difficulties  which  were  encountered  by  the  early  friends  of 
free  schools.  All  honor  to  those  who  first  vindicated  and  applied 
the  principle  here  in  our  Western  land. 

But,  with  the  general  establishment  of  free  public  schools, 
the  lack,  the  radical  defect  in  any  system  of  education  which 
makes  no  provision  for  moral  and  religious  training  has  become 
clearer  and  clearer  to  all  thoughtful  minds. 

This  school,  by  steadily  giving  such  moral  and  religious 
training,  has  emphasized  this  need  by  contrast. 

And  this  brings  us  to  that  other  aspect  of  this  school  and  its 
work,  which  I  wish  to  notice : 

II.  It  has  always  been  a  school  supported  by  a  Christian 
Church,  distinctively  as  a  piece  of  Christian  work. 

For  this  reason  its  history  has  an  especial  interest.  And  the 
occasion  naturally  suggests  the  question  :  What  are  the  inter- 
acting inlluences  of  Christianity  upon  education,  and  of  educa- 
tion on  Christianity } 

I  submit,  then,  that  true  religion,  Christianity,  uiiiformly  does 
and  should  stimulate  and  broaden  the  intellectual  life. 

Our  time  has  seen  the  publication  of  certain  attempts  at  a 
philosophy  of  history,  based  upon  a  purely  mechanical  interpre- 
tation of  statistics,  minimizing  spiritual  forces  as  much  as 
possible,  and  belittling  the  influence  of  great  souls  and  strong 
wills  on  the  world's  history.  These  writers  attempt  to  explain 
all  the  revolutions  and  reforms  the  world  has  witnessed  by  the 
physical  agencies  of  climate  and  race  impulses,  and  to  avoid 
belief  in  a  directing  Providence  by  recourse  to  unexplained 
"tendencies   of  the   age."      The  influence    of  these  books  has 


252  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

been  great,  especially  among  people  who  like  to  appear  to 
themselves  and  to  others  to  be  philosophical,  but  who  have  not 
the  ability  to  detect  fallacies,  or  to  distinguish  between  demon- 
strations and  mere  assumptions,  between  intelligent  discussion 
of  the  modes  in  which  clearly  discernible  forces  act,  and  vague 
general  terms  so  used  as  to  veil  the  absence  of  proof  under  a 
show  of  the  love  of  logic. 

The  extreme  form  of  such  teaching  allies  itself  on  one  side 
with  agnosticism,  and  on  the  other,  with  that  gross  physiological 
philosophy  which  is  summed-up  in  such  epigrams  as  Feuerbach's 
German  pun  :  '■'■Mann  ist  was  er  us/."  "  Man  is  what  his  food 
makes  him;"  and  that  other  celebrated  dictum:  "The  brain 
secretes  thought,  as  the  liver  secretes  bile."  Speakers  and 
writers  who  hold  such  opinions  are  notoriously  active  in  dissem- 
inating them,  and  are  loud  in  denouncing  Christianity  and 
Christian  institutions  as  utterly  opposed  to  intellectual  progress, 
and  especially  to  the  "true  scientific  spirit. "  This  charge  has 
been  so  often  reiterated,  that  many  well-meaning  Christians 
seem  to  take  it  for  a  truth.  And  it  sometimes  seems  as  if  many 
of  the  attempts  which  certain  preachers  in  Christian  churches 
are  persistently  making  to  "  reconcile  "  religion  and  science  were 
especially  calculated  to  perpetuate  this  mistaken  idea,  that 
science  and  religion  are  natural  antagonists. 

Against  this  idea,  alike,  the  finest  minds  of  all  ages,  and  the 
deliberate  common-sense  verdict  of  all  Protestant  nations,  most 
decidedly  protest. 

Look  at  the  history  of  the  world  since  the  Reformation  ! 

Not  all  the  eiforts  of  those  philosophers  who  "patter  a  thin 
agnosticism,"  or  adopt  a  gross  materialism  ;  not  all  their  glitter- 
ing generalities  regarding  a  spontaneous  awakening,  the  necessary 
result  of  the  tendencies  of  the  times  ;  not  all  the  polished 
sophistries  and  the  casuistic  pleading  of  any  orators,  American  or 
English,  who  attempt  to  explain  away  the  man  Luther  ;  not  one 
nor  all  of  these  can  blind  us  to  the  fact,  that,  for  these  last  four 
hundred  years,  since  Luther,  with  unshakable  faith  and  indomi- 
table courage  first  exposed  the  evil  of  enforced  ignorance  on 
spiritual  matters,  and,  Bible  in  hand,  dared  to  withstand  the 
power  that  tried  to  enforce  such  ignorance,  it  is  the  spin'/  o/the 
Gospel  that  has  lifted  Europe  and  the  world  upward  and  for- 
ward. No  "tendency  of  the  times,"  no  illumination  from 
natural  science,  will  explain  the  mighty  changes  ! 

It  was  the  illumination  that  broke  from  God's  Holy  Word, 
held  in  every  man's  hand,  read  in  every  man's  house,  and 
binding,  without  interference  of  priest,  on  every  man's  conscience, 
and  every  man's  life  —  it  was  /h's  that  worked,  and  still  works, 
the  transformation  ! 


OF    THE    SCHOOL.  253 

Say  the  German  sceptics  and  their  English  followers  : 
"'Twas  'the  Zeitgeist,'  the  Spirit  of  the  Age  !" 

"No,"  cries  the  true  philosophical  student  of  history  and 
the  true  believer  ;  "no  'spirit  of  the  age'  can  account  for  these 
results.      It  is  the  Spirit  of  God  !" 

And  wherever  the  knowledge  of  God's  truth  has  made  men 
free,  science  and  education  have  prospered. 

If  one  wishes  to  understand  the  difference,  in  their  effects  on 
learning  and  education,  between  Christianity,  God's  truth,  and  a 
false  religion,  let  him  visit,  as  it  was  my  fortune  to  do,  three 
or  four  years  ago,  the  greatest  Mohammedan  University  of  the 
world,  at  Cairo,  Egypt. 

You  all  know  that  for  several  centuries  Mohammedans  led 
the  way  in  the  study  of  mathematics  and  the  natural  sciences  — 
were  the  teachers  of  Europe  —  of  the  world.  We  cannot  name 
algebra,  key  to  all  the  higher  mathematics,  without  bearing 
witness  in  its  first  syllable,  the  Arabic  article,  to  its  Arabic 
origin  ;  and  chemistry,  most  widely  ramifying  of  the  natural 
sciences,  is  the  Arab  al-chemy  developed  by  instruments  of 
precision,  and  by  sound  hypotheses  and  careful  experiment,  unto 
an  exact  science. 

Now,  what  has  a  false  religion  done  for  natural  science  and 
education  among  the  Arabs  .f*     Let  us  see. 

The  University  of  Cairo,  by  far  the  most  important  Moham- 
medan university  in  the  world,  with  its  300  professors  and  10,000 
students,  gathered  from  the  four  quarters  of  the  Mohammedan 
world,  with  courses  of  study  filling  from  three  to  six  years,  has 
shown  what  progress.^  'Twas  founded  900  years  ago.  What  is 
its  course  of  study  to-day.?  Arabic  grammar  and  a  course  of 
theologic  instruction  founded  on  the  Koran.  Then  a  course  in 
law,  divided  into  the  religious  law  of  Islam,  which  deals  with 
the  unity  of  God,  and  the  doctrine  that  Mohammed  is  His 
prophet,  the  duty  of  repeating  the  canonical  prayers,  of  giving 
alms,  of  fasting,  and  of  going  on  a  pilgrimage  to  Mecca;  and  a 
course  in  secular  law,  also  based  on  the  Koran  and  its  inter- 
preters. The  works  of  all  these  commentators  on  the  Koran 
are  committed  to  memory.  Any  criticism  or  independent 
thought,  deviation  of  any  kind  from  the  accepted  views,  is  not 
for  a  moment  tolerated.  Beside  these  principal  branches  of 
instruction,  there  are  brief  courses  in  logic,  rhetoric,  the  art  of 
poetry,  rules  for  the  correct  pronunciation  of  the  letters  and  for 
intoning  the  Koran.  This  is  all  !  So  far  are  they  from  intel- 
lectual progress,  that  even  geometry,  algebra  and  astronomy,  in 
which  they  were  once  so  honorably  pre-eminent,  have  long  ago 
fallen  into  utter  oblivion.  For  natural  science,  they  have  a 
supreme  contempt. 


2  54  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

Against  such  influences  as  this,  science  may  well  protest. 
But  in  Europe  and  America,  and  wherever  Christianity  prevails, 
nothing  can  be  wider  of  the  truth  than  the  assertion  that  Chris- 
tianity has  been  opposed  to  the  intellectual  life,  and  to  the 
development  of  science.  Here  in  America,  especially,  natural 
science  has  been  cradled  and  nurtured  at  Christian  colleges. 
American  churches  have  always  fostered  education.  Since  our 
land  was  settled,  Christian  churches  have  cherished  our  colleges  ; 
and  our  Christian  colleges  have  been  the  nursing  mothers  of 
natural  science.  As  a  rule,  Christian  men  have  given  the 
money  for  buildings  and  laboratories,  for  scientific  libraries  and 
illustrative  collections.  Christian  men  have  led,  and  still  lead 
the  way  in  scientific  research.  The  very  ministry,  for  whose 
broad  education  so  many  of  our  colleges  were  explicitly  founded, 
while  they  have  opposed,  and  must  ever  oppose,  the  sensualizing 
tendencies  of  that  science,  falsely  so  called,  which  sinks  to  gross 
materialism,  have  been  among  the  most  earnest  advocates  of  the 
spirit  and  work  of  true  scientific  investigation.  The  churches 
which  have  laid  the  most  emphasis  on  the  need  of  an  educated 
ministry,  have  been  quick  to  see  that  there  is  no  work  which  the 
Creator  has  sent  fit  to  do,  which  is  not  worth  the  painstaking 
study  of  the  reverent  Christian.  And  while  those  studies  which 
deal  distinctively  with  man  as  a  rational,  moral  and  religions 
being,  have  always  received,  as  they  always  should  receive,  the 
first  place  in  a  course  of  liberal  study,  our  Christian  colleges 
have  been  the  homes  in  which  the  physical  sciences  have  grown 
to  their  present  proportions. 

Most  of  our  colleges  have  been  founded  since  the  Revolu- 
tion. Among  the  hundreds  of  institutions  in  our  land  that  bear 
the  name  of  college  or  university,  Rutgers  is  one  of  the  few  (only 
nine  all  told)  which  were  founded  before  1776.  And  this 
century  has  seen  the  growth,  one  might  almost  say  the  birth  and 
growth,  of  the  natural  sciences.  Lavoisier's  work  in  organizing 
the  science  of  chemistry  on  a  truly  scientific  basis,  belongs  to  the 
last  years  of  the  last  century.  Dalton's  law  of  chemical  equiva- 
lents and  definite  proportions  was  first  given  to  the  world  in 
1808.  Cuvier's  works  on  "Fossil  Bones"  and  the  "Animal 
Kingdom,"  published  in  181 2  and  181 7,  made  Zoology  a  system- 
atic science.  Geology  was  taking  form  at  the  same  time — 
through  the  systematic  study  of  the  earth's  strata,  by  William 
Smith  and  others.  Mineralogy  and  Botany  in  their  present  form 
were  taking  shape  during  this  same  first  quarter  of  our  century. 
As  late  as  1805,  the  whole  mineralogical  and  geological  collec- 
tions of  Yale  College  went  in  a  single  small  bo.x  from  New  Haven 
to  Philadelphia,  that  they  might  be  classified  and  labeled  by  Dr. 
Adam  Seybert,   "then  fresh  from  Werner's  School  at  Freiburg," 


OF    THE    SCHOOL.  255 

the  only  man  in  the  country  capable  of  performing  this  work. 
Under  such  reverent  Christian  scholars  as  the  elder  Silliman 
and  Hitchcock  and  Dewey,  laboratories  were  equipped  and 
collections  gathered  at  our  Christian  colleges,  and  Chemistry,  and 
Geology,  and  Botany  became  departments  of  research  and  study. 
The  natural  sciences  had  not  much  strength  or  many  followers 
in  America  then  ;  but  all  the  strength  they  had  was  developed  at 
Christian  colleges,  which  then  and  always  since  have  cherished 
their  study,  hailed  their  new  discoveries  and  supported  their 
most  costly  experiments. 

In  our  Sister  Dutch  city,  old  Fort  Orange,  up  the  Hudson,  I 
had  the  honor  of  presiding  for  twelve  vears  over  an  institution  of 
learning,  founded  and  always  maintained  as  a  Christiatt  institu- 
tion, round  the  walls  of  which  are  still  to  be  traced  the  marks  of 
the  circuits  of  wire,  two  miles  or  more  in  length,  through  which 
Dr.  Joseph  Henry,  that  distinguished  Christian  man  of  science 
(whose  early  experiments  there  in  electricity  and  whose  later 
labors  in  the  Smithsonian  Institute  have  given  to  his  name  a  world- 
wide fame),  was  sending  his  electric-bell  signals,  for  some  time 
before  Morse's  successful  experiments  in  telegraphy.  At  this 
and  at  other  Christian  institutions  of  learning,  early  experiments 
were  laying  the  foundations  for  that  marvelous  development  of 
the  powers  and  laws  of  electricity  which  has  wrought  such 
changes  in  our  modern  life.  Electricity,  this  latest-summoned 
of  the  slaves  of  the  Lamp  of  Science,  who  now  keeps  the  world 
agog  and  tiptoe,  wondering  at  what  has  already  been  done,  and 
tantalized  by  long-delayed  promises  of  vast  revolutions  in  all  our 
motive  powers  and  mechanical  appliances — this  subject  of  elec- 
tricity, from  Franklin's  day  and  Henry's  earlier  experiments  down 
to  our  own  time,  has  been  the  object  of  study  and  experiment  at 
our  Christian  institutions,  where  have  been  made  many  of  the 
most  brilliant  discoveries  of  its  laws  and  its  useful  applications. 

Let  it  not  be  said,  then,  in  our  land,  that  Christianity  has  sought 
to  fetter  and  cripple  science,  or  that  one  department  of  God's  truth 
is  hostile  to  another !  Would  that  the  name  of  science  were  never 
used  to  cover  atheistic  assaults  upon  the  existence,  the  rightful 
authority  and  the  revealed  word  of  the  God  whose  will  has  fixed  and 
now  maintains  that  universal  order  which  alone  renders  science 
possible  !  Would  that  the  agnostic  might  no  longer  waste  his 
time,  wreck  his  manhood  and  wrong  his  reason  in  the  efl'ort  to 
construct  an  artificial  haze  of  speculation,  which  shall  be  dense 
enough  to  blind  him  to  the  rays  of  divine  truth  !  Those  ravs, 
"shining  in  their  own  light,"  will  still  smite  upon  the  vision  of 
his  conscience,  will  ever  make  him  doubt  his  own  sophistries,  and 
with  such  awe  as  Kant  expressed,  see  God  in  "  the  starry  heavens 
above  and  the  moral  law  within." 


256  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

Christianity  has  ever  laid  a  sublime  emphasis  upon  the 
knowing  powers,  used  in  the  light  and  along  the  line  of  God's 
revealed  will.  Mere  training  of  the  intellect  is  not  enough.  But 
an  intellect,  trained  to  do  God's  will,  acting  along  the  line  of 
that  holy  will,  and  impelled  to  action  by  that  most  forceful 
moral  dynamic,  God's  love,  what  a  power  for  good  it  is  !  To  form 
such  characters,  is  the  aim  of  Christian  education. 

The  work  of  such  a  school  as  this  one,  in  whose  interest  we 
are  met  to-night,  goes  on  silently,  almost  unnoticed  in  a  great 
city  like  New  York  !  How  slight  the  attention  it  attracts !  How 
quiet  its  work  when  compared  with  the  bustle  and  din  of  a  noisy 
factory,  or  the  hurrying  throngs  that  press  in  and  out  of  the  busy 
centres  of  trade ! 

Yet  we  all  know,  in  these  days  of  eager  competition,  that  even 
in  trade  the  essential  question  is  not  of  the  numbers  who  enter 
the  store,  or  admire  the  stock — is  not  even  a  question  of  the 
number  of  customers  and  of  the  volume  of  sales — but  it  is  the 
question  of  the  quarterly  and  yearly  balance  sheet  that  is  vital. 
What  is  the  outcome  of  all  this  display,  and  hurry,  and  toil.?  On 
the  whole,  profit,  or  loss.'' — that  is  the  question  ! 

So,  in  reply  to  deeper  and  higher  questions,  we  must  answer, 
not  length  of  days,  not  mere  busy-ness,  not  popularity,  not 
newspaper  fame,  not  these — but  actual  acquirements  in  good- 
ness— the  effective  use  of  opportunities  and  the  steady  preference 
of  the  best  thoughts  and  the  highest  aims — these  it  is  that  give 
to  life  its  true  value  and  significance. 

To  train  minds  to  this  intelligent  apprehension  and  achieve- 
ment of  nobility  of  character  is  the  highest  work  in  which  men 
are  allowed  to  engage. 

When  we  ask  ourselves,  then,  what  satisfactions,  in  the  use 
of  time  and  property,  are  keenest  and  most  lasting,  we  must  say 
that  none  surpass  the  satisfaction  found  in  giving  time  or  money 
to  the  work  of  Christian  education. 

In  what  material  will  you  do  your  life-work  }  In  that  which 
perishes  with  the  using  and  changes  with  the  changing  fashions  ; 
or,  in  that  which  lasts  for  eternity,  in  soul,  in  character.? 

This  church  has  done  well  to  direct  some  of  its  giving  along 
the  line  of  educational  work.  Christian  education  works  for 
eternity,  on  undying  souls.  Every  dollar  spent  for  Christian 
education  is  so  given  that  it  works  at  an  immense  leverage.  It 
works  on  those  who  are  to  work  on  others.  Its  force  continues 
to  be  felt  through  all  time,  and  beyond  time  ;  and  it  makes  the 
best  citizens  by  preparing  them  for  a  citizenship  above  and  beyond 
this  life. 

For  our  country's  sake,  as  well  as  for  the  sake  of  our  Divine 
Redeemer,  this  work  of  Christian  education  should  go  forward. 


OF    THE    SCHOOL.  257 

In  His  Providence  God  has  left  one  continent  free — one  quarter 
of  the  globe  in  which  the  education  of  the  law-making,  governing 
sovereign,  the  people — is  in  the  people's  own  hands.  Let  us  see 
to  it  that  our  Christian  churches  are  loyal  to  their  trust,  and  so 
far  as  it  is  in  their  power,  that  they  hold  this  nation  true  to  God 
and  Christianity  by  the  wise  and  generous  use  of  all  the  educating 
forces  and  charities  of  a  Christian  people. 


ADDRESS  OF  Mr.  SAMUEL  G.  JELLIFFE, 

Representative  of  the  Alumni. 


On  Monday  next  we  celebrate  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of 
the  PLvacuation  of  the  City  of  New  York — the  visible  sign,  the  ac- 
complished fact  of  American  Liberty.  And  in  the  emotions  of 
gladness  that  filled  the  hearts  of  the  inhabitants,  not  the  least,  we 
may  be  sure,  was  the  feeling  that  they  were  free  not  only  from  the 
grosser  exactions  of  tyranny,  but  from  that  spirit  which  had  trans- 
formed the  church,  reared  by  their  ancestors  to  the  ministry  of 
holy  things,  into  a  riding-school  for  the  exercise  of  cavalry. 

It  is  fitting  that  here  and  now  we  celebrate  the  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  this  venerable  institution  of  learning,  a  visible 
sign  of  the  idea  which  made  that  evacuation  possible  and  logical. 

The  intimate  connection  between  education  and  freedom  was 
early  seen  and  acted  upon.  Sparta  had  her  schools  ;  and  Peri- 
cles, as  a  means  of  preserving  and  developing  Athenian  indepen- 
dence and  supremacy,  established  a  system  of  universal  education 
broad  and  deep — such  as  jeflferson  and  the  Fathers  deemed  essen- 
tial to  the  perpetuity  and  prosperity  of  our  Republic.  Discern- 
ing minds  in  all  ages  have  seen  that  education  is  the  very  sap  of 
the  Tree  of  Liberty,  whose  flower  is  peace  and  whose  fruit  is 
blessedness. 

In  the  addresses  delivered  in  this  place  five  years  since  by  the 
senior  pastor,  on  the  celebration  of  the  founding  of  the  Dutch 
Church  in  America,  the  particular  causes  and  circumstances 
which  made  Holland  at  the  period  of  the  Reformation  the  lead- 
ing country  in  the  world  in  many  respects,  i)articularly  in  that  of 
education,  were  pointed  out  and,  in  a  measure,  dwelt  upon,  and 
the  sublime  origin  of  the  University  of  Leyden  was  detailed. 

The  revived  study  of  the  classics  in  the  Universities  and  else- 
where, recalling  the  experience  of  Greece,  the  teachings  of  Solon, 
Socrates,  Aristotle  and  Plato,  impressed  the  mind  with  a  sense  of 
the  importance  of  public  education,  if  on  no  higher  ground,  on 
that  of  expediency.     The  very  building  of  Holland,  the  keeping 


258  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

out  the  aggressive  sea,  was  not  the  brilliant  fiat  of  Pope  or  King 
or  Emperor,  but  the  result  of  the  combined  effort  of  the  many 
individual  units,  each  active  and  intelligent.  Eternal,  intelligent 
vigilance  was  the  price  not  of  liberty  only,  but  of  existence  itself; 
thus  the  Common  School  system  was  established  in  Holland  and 
her  colonies.  It  is  true  that  before  the  fifteenth  century  there 
had  been  schools  established  in  connection  with  cathedrals,  with 
the  larger  churches  and  with  the  convents,  the  instruction  being 
under  the  charge  of  the  Catholic  clergy. 

All  honor  to  the  Church  for  these  schools.  Thankful  are  we  this 
day  because  of  them,  for  in  these  institutions  was  preserved  and 
transmitted  much  that  is  important  for  the  welfare  of  mankind. 

But  these  schools  thus  established,  such  schools  even  to  this 
day,  have  a  special  distinctive  character  of  their  own  from  the 
nature  of  the  Catholic  polity,  from  its  underlying  and  energizing 
idea.  The  instruction  was  and  is  directed  more  to  manners,  to 
discipline  and  method,  in  order  that  the  select  few  might  become 
able  "to  rise  to  the  dignities  of  the  Church,  fitted  out  with  eccle- 
siastical erudition  and  spiritual  weapons,"  and  to  this  point  was 
all  instruction  directed,  rather  than  to  the  enlargement  of  the 
powers  of  the  mind  or  to  the  gain  from  the  great  ocean  of  the 
unknown,  the  firm  and  fertile  ground  of  definitely  ascertained 
and  eternally  verifiable  fact.  And  it  is  a  sufficient  answer  to 
the  claims  of  that  Church  as  an  educator  of  mankind  and 
as  a  promoter  and  protector  of  Schools,  Colleges  and  Universi- 
ties, to  point  to  the  condition,  intellectual  and  moral,  of  Europe 
at  and  just  prior  to  the  Reformation,  as  depicted  by  such  good 
Catholics  as  Chaucer  in  England  and  Erasmus  on  the  Continent. 
And  to-day,  wherever  the  claim  of  that  Church  to  the  exclusive 
education  of  the  young  is  conceded,  in  Italy,  in  Spain,  in  Portu- 
gal, in  Mexico,  Cuba  and  South  America,  the  crass  ignorance  of 
the  people  at  large  and  the  prevalence  of  superstition,  even  as  to 
matters  not  connected  with  religion,  proclaim  the  failure  of  that 
Church  as  a  teacher  of  the  ascertained  and  agreed-on  truths  of 
even  the  physical  world.  And  in  the  moral  world  what  city  un- 
der Popish  teaching  in  all  history  shows  such  practical  fruits  of 
Gospel  Teaching,  in  the  high  probity  of  its  merchants,  the  gen- 
eral intelligence  and  sobriety  of  the  great  mass  of  its  mechanics 
and  laborers,  the  clean,  moral  life  of  all  but  a  small  fraction  of 
its  population,  the  earnest  life  of  its  Churches,  and,  above  all, 
the  spirit  of  active  benevolence  which  has  earned  the  title  of  "The 
City  of  Charities,"  as  this,  our  own,  city,  founded  by  the  Dutch, 
growing  with  Dutch  principles  of  toleration  and  hospitality,  and 
educating  its  children  under  a  system  which,  starting  with  our 
own  as  the  first  "Free  Public  School,"  the  first  Common  School 
in  America,  has,  during  the  last  year,  given  instruction  to  nearly 


OF    THE    SCHOOL.  259 

200, 000  children.  Some  may  style  these  Godless  Schools,  but 
they  have  been  the  schools  of  this  city  for  nearly  a  century,  and 
if  the  influence  of  schools  is  to  be  judged  from  the  character  of 
the  life  which  surrounds  them,  where  in  all  history  beside  will  you 
find  such  goodly  or  Godly  results.'  Side  by  side  with  the  de- 
velopment of  the  Common  School  system  of  New  York,  was  that 
of  New  England.  Go  back  with  me  for  a  moment  to  that  City 
of  Leyden  prior  to  1620.  The  same  spirit  which  moved  the  in- 
habitants of  Leyden  to  choose  a  University  rather  than  a  fair, 
their  practical  application  of  the  text 

How  much  better  it  is  to  get  wisdom  than  gold, 

made  them  welcome  alike  the  Pilgrims  from  Stamford  and  the 
Huguenots  from  Amiens  and  Abbeville,  the  Walloons  from 
Avesnes  and  Artois.  It  is  needless  in  this  company  to  call  atten- 
tion to  the  French  origin  of  so  many  of  what  we  call  the  early 
Dutch  settlers.  Near  the  University  was  the  Walloon  or  French 
Church,  and  attached  to  this  church  was  a  school.  Prominent 
among  the  members  of  this  Church  were  the  names  of  Jesse  De 
Forest  and  John  Montague.  The  former  was  a  prominent  man 
among  the  workers  of  wool  ;  the  latter  a  physician  and  student  at 
the  University,  and  who  ultimately  married  a  daughter  of  De  Forest. 
I  mention  these  names  because  they  were  the  ancestors  of  at  least 
two  of  the  early  teachers  of  this  our  School,  Jan  Montagne,  Jr., 
also  a  doctor,  and  Barent  De  Forest,  and  because  the  name  of  De 
Forest  is  identified  with  Yale  College  through  a  descendant  of 
Jan  De  Forest.  There  is  abundant  evidence  that  the  Walloons 
and  the  Huguenots,  under  De  Forest  and  Montagne,  and  that 
the  Pilgrims,  under  Brewster,  Carver  and  the  rest,  made  simul- 
taneous efforts  to  effect  arrangements  with  the  Virginia  Com- 
pany, and  also  with  the  Dutch  West  India  Company,  whereby 
lands  might  be  obtained  in  this  New  World  for  a  settlement. 

Within  sight  of  the  University  was  the  house  of  Pastor  Robin- 
son, where  gathered  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  "to  receive  the  Word  of 
Life,  and  to  enjoy  sweet  and  delightful  society  and  spiritual  com- 
fort together."  Many  of  the  Pilgrim  band  worked  side  by  side 
with  the  carders  and  weavers  and  dyers  who  ultimately  came  to 
New  Amsterdam.  It  is  no  mere  imagining  to  see  these  founders 
of  New  England  and  New  York  together.  To  both,  Holland  was 
but  a  resting-place,  a  refuge  from  actual  and  anticipated  persecu- 
tion, a  workshop  and  a  study. 

Thus  working  and  worshiping  together  in  Leyden,  the  Pil- 
grims and  the  Fathers  of  this  Church  and  School  exchanged  the 
secrets  of  trade  and  the  treasures  of  each  others  hearts.  Both 
came  to  this  country,  the  one  to  New  England,  the  other  to 
New  Amsterdam. 


26o  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

Their  Common  School  systems  developed  side  by  side.  In 
1633  this  our  School  was  established,  the  first  Common  School 
in  these  colonies.  In  1637  was  the  first  effort  at  founding  a  Uni- 
versity or  College  in  New  England,  and  in  1647  ^^'^-S  the  first 
order  for  a  Common  School  in  New  England. 

Thus  the  settlers  of  New  Amsterdam  were  united  with  those 
of  New  England  in  Holland,  the  ideas  of  each  acting  and  re-act- 
ing on  the  other.  Both  coming  to  the  new  country,  both  by  the 
circumstances  of  the  growth  of  a  new  country  developing  those 
traits  of  independence  which  had  started  them  in  their  new 
career,  both  appreciating  the  necessity  of  schools,  and  wherever 
they  went  establishing  churches  for  the  study  of  the  Word  of  God 
and  schools  for  the  study  of  the  works  of  the  Almighty,  we 
cannot  wonder  that  New  York  and  New  England  should  stand 
side  by  side  at  Monmouth,  Saratoga  and  Yorktown,  and  that  to- 
gether they  should  enter  this  redeemed  and  purified  city.  To 
break  that  union  formed  in  Leyden  and  continued  in  America 
was  the  one  consistent  policy  of  Great  Britain  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary War.  To  keep  that  union  intact  is  the  best  guarantee 
for  the  preservation  of  what  is  of  most  worth  in  our  national  life. 

I  have  thus  spoken  of  our  School  to  show  you  its  relation  to 
the  Common  School  system  of  the  country  as  its  first  type  and 
example.  May  it  be  allowed  a  graduate  of  this  School  to  say  a  few 
words,  as  to  the  work  of  the  School,  from  personal  experience, 
and  to  express  hopes  for  its  future  which,  I  trust,  will  find  echo 
in  your  hearts.  I  came  into  the  School  at  the  age  of  nine,  having 
previously  attended  one  of  the  schools  of  the  Public  School  So- 
ciety, and  remained  there  some  four  years.  At  the  timej  entered, 
the  School  was  located  in  the  basement  of  the  Church  in  Ninth 
Street.  Subsequently  the  School  was  removed  to  the  building  in 
Fourth  Street,  near  Sixth  Avenue,  and  in  close  proximity  to  Wash- 
ington Square — naturally  our  play-ground.  How  many  delight- 
ful associations  come  to  many  here  at  the  mention  of  that  locality. 
In  that  locality  was  the  bulk  of  the  members  of  the  Dutch  Church. 
There  were  some  of  its  strongest  churches,  where  our  parents  at- 
tended, to  the  Sunday  Schools  of  which  we  were  attached.  In 
that  old  American  quarter  most  of  us  lived.  The  friendships 
formed  there  have  been  largely  maintained  in  after  years.  Of  the 
instruction  there  given  I  can  only  say  that  it  was  without  severe 
labor  and  was  a  constant  pleasure.  Not  only  were  all  the  studies 
there  pursued  that  obtained  in  other  schools,  but  others  since 
added  to  the  curriculum  of  the  Common  Schools — physiology, 
the  elements  of  natural  science,  drawing,  music,  and  for  those 
who  chose,  Latin,  French,  algebra  and  geometry.  What  was  en- 
joyed was  not  only  the  direct  teaching  of  the  subjects  required, 
but  the  suggestive  leading  out  into  new  fields  of  thought  and  new 


OF    THE    SCHOOL.  261 

methods  apart  from  those  set  out  in  our  books  of  discussing  prob- 
lems. In  later  years  it  has  become  my  duty  to  examine  into  many 
of  the  so-called  new  methods  in  teaching  under  technical  terms, 
"pedagogics,"  "  object  teaching, "  "  Quincey  methods,"  and  the 
like.  Well,  I  found  many  good  ideas,  but  I  cannot  now  recall 
one  single  one  of  any  value  that  had  not  already,  prior  to  1852, 
been  put  in  successful  practice  by  Mr.  Dunshee  in  our  School. 
I  have  mentioned  his  name,  and  I  can  never  mention  it  but  with 
feelings  of  deepest  affection  and  respect.  The  Ministers  and 
Trustees  we  respected  and  liked,  but  in  Mr.  Dunshee  each  one  of 
us  found  and  kept  a  friend  whom  we  loved  with  deepest  affection. 
I  have  seen  many  well-known  noble  teachers,  but  only  of  him 
can  I  say  that  each  of  his  scholars  has  found  in  him  a  particular 
and  personal  friend.  As  to  the  practical  results  :  The  School  is 
but  a  small  one,  never  more  than  200  attended  at  any  one  time  ; 
most  of  us  left  by  the  time  we  were  fifteen.  But  in  its  long  his- 
tory the  school  has  sent  out  earnest,  thoughtful  doers  of  work  ; 
lawyers,  physicians,  clergymen,  printers,  merchants,  mechanics 
of  all  kinds,  who  have  done,  I  am  sure,  fully  their  part  in 'keeping 
a  clear  stream  of  usefulness  running  through  the  currents  of  the 
life  of  our  city  and  country.  It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  here 
mention  two  names — that  of  Daniel  Ayres  and  General  Henry 
T.  Kiersted,  both  recently  deceased.  It  would  not  be  proper 
not  to  touch  upon  one  subject,  which  is  the  one  dearest  to  the 
hearts  of  most  of  you  as  connected  with  this  School,  I  mean  the 
subject  of  personal  religion.  That  subject  was  not  omitted,  it 
was  not  obtruded,  it  was  not  made  a  matter  of  routine  or  cold 
formality,  but  at  a  fitting  moment,  privately,  where  heart  could 
go  out  to  heart,  and  in  a  tenderness  which  has  given  a  meaning  to 
the  word  saintly  not  otherwise  derived,  Mr.  Dunshee  would 
talk  to  us  of  those  themes  of  tremendous  import;  of  God  ;  of 
death  ;  of  eternity  ;  of  Christ  ;  never  I  know  without  making  us 
realize  the  solemn  sense  of  those  words,  never  without  causing 
noble  resolves,  and  never  without  sending  us  on  our  knees  in  hum- 
ble, earnest  prayer.  That  he  has  felt,  that  after  all,  his  great 
work  was  to  win  the  souls  of  his  scholars  to  God  ;  that  the  sweet 
relations  established  here  might  be  interrupted  for  a  while,  but 
never  sundered  ;  this  has  borne  him  up  amid  all  his  trials  and 
griefs  ;  has  made  him  a  welcome  visitor  in  our  homes  at  all  times 
and  kept  him,  as  he  seems  to  us,  a  model  of  earnest  Christian 
manhood.  Of  those  who  were  contemporary  with  me,  or  nearly 
so,  the  great  majority  have  acknowledged  Christ  for  their  Saviour 
and  exemplar  ;  three  are  earnest  ministers  in  this  or  the  cognate 
Presbyterian  or  Congregational  Churches,  and  in  all,  even  among 
those  who  have  not  realized  his  and  your  dearest  hope,  I  trust 
you  will   find  some  measure  of  the    "Fruit  of  the  Spirit  in  all 


262  TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH    ANNIVERSARY 

Righteousness,  Goodness  and  Truth. "  So  much  for  the  School 
of  the  past.  It  is,  I  know,  permitted  for  me  here  to  say  a  word 
as  to  its  future.  So  far  as  I  am  known  at  all  in  this  community, 
I  am  known  as  an  earnest  advocate  of  Common  Schools,  and  of 
a  purely  secular  education.  Yet  here  to-night,  without  abating 
one  jot  or  tittle  of  my  convictions,  that  the  teaching  of  all  history 
is  that  ecclesiastical  control  and  teaching  is  destructive  alike  of 
personal  religion  and  intellectual  vigor,  yet  I  plead  for  this  dis- 
tinctively denominational  School.  Its  250  years  of  past  and 
useful  history  give  it  a  right  to  persist.  The  original  spring  of 
our  Common  School  system,  it  should  not  be  choked  up  ;  this 
testimony  of  the  founders  of  this  Church  and  State  as  to  their 
large  liberality  of  mind,  their  perception  of  the  necessity  of  edu- 
cated intelligence  to  social,  business  and  political  welfare  should 
be  kept.  It  is  here  in  the  City  of  New  York  ;  but  the  building 
is  not  where  it  should  be  ;  its  first  home  was  alongside  of  the 
church  ;  so  it  was  in  the  beginning  ;  so  it  was  in  Garden  Street  ; 
so  it  should  be  in  the  future.  Even  now  it  has  an  excellent  class 
of  children  in  attendance,  notwithstanding  it  is  in  a  neighborhood 
the  least  favorably  situated  for  a  school  of  almost  any  in  the  city, 
and  the  attendance  is  still  representative  of  the  city  and  the  Church. 
I  cannot  believe  that  the  oldest  Church  in  this  State  will  fail  to 
maintain  its  School,  while  the  youngest  Church,  the  great  bulk 
of  whose  members  earn  less  than  one-half  of  the  amount  earned  by 
the  poorest  member  of  this  congregation,  not  only  adds  on  school 
to  school,  but  purposes  to  establish  here  in  New  York  a  Univer- 
sity to  find  the  parallel  of  which  we  are  referred  to  a  period  so 
remote  as  to  appear  that  of  a  fable.  But  the  first  step  to  develop 
your  School  is  to  bring  it  near  where  you  worship,  and  not  re- 
mote from  where  you  live.  One  great  work  it  should  perform  is 
in  connection  with  your  College.  Rutgers  College  has,  under 
the  able  presidency  of  the  reverend  gentleman  who  preceded  me, 
taken  a  large  step  forward  ;  but  from  New  York,  as  the  home 
of  the  greatest  number  of  members  of  the  Dutch  Church,  must 
come  a  large  share  of  its  students.  Let  your  School,  therefore, 
be  the  Preparatory  School  for  your  College.  Do  not  change 
its  distinctive  features.  In  the  beginning  it  was  a  School  for 
all — it  was  a  Free  School.  Your  Dutch  ancestors  never  founded 
Church  or  University  or  School  except  free  ones,  and  you  alone, 
while  the  Public  Schools  of  England  have  been  wrested  from 
their  original  purpose,  and  even  the  school  of  your  neighbor, 
whose  eloquent  representative  is  to  follow  me,  has  not  entirely 
escaped  the  clutch  of  what  a  clergyman  of  Dutch  lineage  has 
called  the  "dangerous  classes;"  you,  alone,  of  all  who  have 
founded  schools,  have  it  to-day  as  it  was  in  the  beginning,  free 
and  open  to  all.      So  keep  it. 


OF    THE    SCHOOL. 


263 


The  last  speaker  of  the  evening-  was  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sullivan  H. 
Weston,  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  who,  speaking  to  those  of  the 
scholars  and  graduates  of  the  School  who  might  or  had  become 
teachers,  told  some  amusing  pedagogic  experiences  of  his  own, 
when,  at  the  head  of  a  school  in  Massachusetts,  after  leaving 
college,  he  reformed  unruly  boys,  the  terror  of  the  school,  into 
the  most  obedient  scholars.  His  remarks  were  of  an  encour- 
aging nature  to  the  teachers  and  Trustees,  whom  he  con- 
gratulated on  their  success  in  imparting  an  education  which 
combines  the  moral  and  spiritual  with  the  intellectual,  and  in 
conclusion  bade  them  God  speed  in  their  glorious  work. 

The  exercises  closed  with  the  Doxology,  "Praise  God  from 
whom  all  Blessings  Flow,"  and  the  Benediction,  by  Rev.  Edward 
B.  Coe,  D.D. 


264  UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET. 

RE-UNION    OF   THE    GRADUATES 

AND 

UNVEILING    OF   A    TABLET. 


In  connection  with  the  public  exercises  commemorative  of 
the  250th  Anniversary  of  the  School,  the  Graduates  held  a  re-union 
at  the  School-rooms  on  Thursday  evening,  December  13,  1883, 
and  signalized  the  occasion  by  the  unveiling  of  a  Tablet,  pre- 
sented by  them  to  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  commodious  chapel  was  crowded  to  its  utmost  capacity. 
Here  were  assembled  from  far  and  near — one  even  from  Alaska — 
children  and,  in  a  few  instances,  children's  children  who  had  been 
educated  under  the  auspices  and  by  the  liberality  of  the  Mother 
Church. 

Among  those  present  were  : 

Rev.  Talbot  W.  Chambers,  D.D.;  Revs.  William  Anderson,  Henry 
Vehslage,  William  H.  Storrs  and  John  P.  Krechting,  Graduates  of  the  School. 
Rev.  G.  H.  Mandeville,  D.l).;  Rev.  John  L.  See,  D.D.;  Rev.  Abraham 
Thompson  ;  Rev.  Isaac  W.  Brinkerhofif ;  Messrs.  Henry  W.  Bookstaver,  Ralph 
N.  Perlee,  Robert  Schell  and  Abraham  V.  W.  Van  Vechten,  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  ;  Ex-Trustees  Peter  R.  Warner  and  George  S.  Stitt  ;  Messrs. 
Charles  A.  Colby,  John  Graham  and  William  C.  Gififing,  members  of  Con- 
sistory ;  Samuel  K.  Sproulls,  Ex-President  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange  Banl<, 
and  a  Graduate  of  1824  ;  John  H.  Cliambers,  Registrar  of  the  Croton  Aque- 
duct Department,  and  a  Graduate  of  fifty  years'  standing  ;  Mr.  William  F.  Van 
Wagenen,  a  descendant  of  Gerrit  Van  Wagenen,  the  Schoolmaster  from  1733 
to  1743,  and  many  others. 

The  memorial  Tablet  is  of  white  marble,  is  seven  feet  long 
and  four  feet  three  inches  high. 

It  contains  the  Coat-of-Arms  of  William,  Prince  of  Orange, 
on  either  side  of  which  are  the  dates  1 633-1 883. 

The  lower  half  of  the  Tablet  contains  the  names  of  the  mas- 
ters who  have  been  at  the  head  of  the  School  since  the  date  of  its 
establishment. 

Above  it,  suspended  from  a  festoon  of  smilax,  was  the  number 
250  in  evergreen. 

When  all  were  assembled  the  entire  audience  arose  and 
testified  their  respect  to  the  oldest  living  graduate  of  the  School, 
Mrs.  Sarah  (Ayres)  McFarran,  who  entered  leaning  on  the  arm 
of  Mr.  Dunshee,  by  whom  she  was  escorted,  amid  applause,  to 
the  seat  reserved  for  her  upon  the  platform. 

The  exercises  were  opened  by  Mr.  Charles  Ruston,  President 
of  the  Alumni,  who  remarked  that  on  an  occasion  such  as  this 
one  would  naturally  expect  the  presiding  officer  to   be   one  who 


UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET.  265 

had  made  a  nearer  approach  than  he  to  the  age  of  the  institution 
itself.  This  commemoration,  he  said,  brings  once  more  to  mind 
the  incalculable  influence  exerted  during  250  years  by  such  a 
school  as  this  in  the  formation  of  character,  whether  we  look  at 
the  secular  or  the  religious  aspect  of  its  work.  We  are  here, 
however,  we  Graduates  of  the  School,  not  so  much  to  make  or  to 
hear  speeches  as  to  grasp  one  another  by  the  hand  and  to  greet 
our  beloved  teacher,  Mr.  Dunshee,  who  for  forty-two  years  has 
been  the  Principal  of  the  School,  and  who  has  won  the  warm 
regard  of  every  pupil  whom  he  has  ever  touched.  And  we 
desire  to  leave  to-night  on  the  schoolroom  wall,  as  a  slight  testi- 
monial of  our  love  for  the  School  and  our  appreciation  of  its 
work,  a  tablet  containing  the  names  of  the  Masters  since  Adam 
Roelantsen  took  the  School  under  his  charge. 


ADDRESS  OF  REV.  HENRY  VEHSLAGE, 

On  Presenting  the  Tablet. 


Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : 

Our  gathering  this  evening  brings  to  mind  many  various  lines 
of  thought.  We  can  note  the  zeal  and  energy  of  the  men  and 
women  who,  with  us,  occupy  the  field  to-day,  enlisted  in  the 
great  philanthropic  movements  which  mark  the  age.  But  as  we 
meet  here,  our  attention  is  withdrawn  a  little  while  from  the 
busy  present — to  think  of  men  whose  memories  we  cherish,  and 
the  fruits  of  whose  labors  we  inherit  and  enjoy.  The  Alumni 
have  had  prepared  a  memorial  tablet,  in  which  appear  the  coat- 
of-arms  of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  and  the  names  of  the  principals 
of  our  school  from  Adam  (1633)  down  to  the  present  time.  No 
one  in  this  audience  will  take  exception  to  our  admiration  of 
him  whose  fame  is  inseparably  joined  with  the  history  of  that 
grand  and  protracted  struggle  of  Protestant  Holland  with  Papal 
Spain.  With  intense  interest  we  read  the  story  again  and  again, 
following  the  course  of  this  young  man,  who,  at  an  early  age, 
became  a  page  in  the  family  of  that  Emperor  who  prided  himself, 
above  all  other  gifts,  in  the  power  of  reading  and  of  using  men. 
So  the  Prince  was  brought  up  behind  the  curtain  of  that  great 
stage  where  the  world's  dramas  were  daily  enacted,  and  at  the 
age  of  21  was  general-in-chief  of  the  army  on  the  French  frontier, 
and  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  which  justified  his  appoint- 
ment. While  in  Philif)'s  service  he  heard  the  unfolding  of  the 
plot  for  the  massacre  of  all  the  Protestants  in  France  and  the 
Netherlands — because,  as  the  French  king  protested,  his  con- 
science would  never  be  easy,  nor  the  State  secure,  until  his  realm 

S  a 


266  UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET. 

could  be  delivered  from  "that  accursed  vermin."  Horror-struck 
and  indignant  at  such  a  revelation,  the  Prince  controlled  himself 
— the  King  had  no  suspicion  that  he  had  thus  warned  the  man 
who  had  been  born  to  resist  his  infamous  scheme — and  though 
shuddering  at  the  iniquity  so  proposed,  he  gave  no  intimation,  by 
word  or  look,  to  the  monarch,  of  the  enormous  blunder,  and  so 
gained  the  name  of  "William  the  Silent."  But  a  grand  purpose 
took  possession  of  him.  The  unflagging  devotion  and  self-denial 
which  marked  his  whole  course,  made  it  seem  only  natural  for 
him  in  1568  to  part  with  his  precious  jewels,  his  old  vessels  of 
silver  and  gold,  his  tapestries,  and  all  that  he  valued  most,  to 
raise  money  for  the  national  cause.  No  wonder  that  a  medal  was 
afterwards  issued,  having  on  one  side  his  coat-of-arms,  surrounded 
by  the  collar  of  the  Order  of  the  Golden  Fleece,  and  on  the  other 
side  a  pelican,  with  her  young,  whom  she  is  feeding  with  blood 
from  her  own  breast — a  favorite  emblem  of  the  Prince — often 
placed  on  his  battle  flags. 

But  we  cannot  tarry  on  this  history,  stirring  and  captivating 
as  it  is — nor  need  I  detain  you  to  explain  the  various  armorial 
bearings  that  appear  in  these  shields  and  quarters.  We  turn 
away,  to  look  upon  the  names  of  men  whose  achievements  were 
not  in  the  council-rooms  of  kings,  nor  on  the  field  of  battle.  We 
trace  the  names  on  this  honored  list,  and  mark  the  terms  of  their 
service — we  recall  that  early  period  when,  with  limited  numbers 
and  slight  equipment,  the  early  settlers  planted  the  school  as 
soon  as  they  had  established  the  Church,  and  we  remember  with 
mingled  pride  and  joy  the  faithful  labors  of  the  men  who  did 
such  good  work  in  the  noble  profession  of  teacher — with  special 
regard  holding  him  to  whom  so  many  of  us  are  indebted  for 
wise  counsel  and  help  from  the  year  1842  down  to  the  present 
time.  And  our  grateful  joy  does  not  overlook  the  fact  that  the 
old  church,  for  two  centuries  and  a  half,  has  never  failed  to  care 
for  this  enterprise — providing  for  its  ample  maintenance,  and 
that,  as  a  return  she  has  been  permitted  to  welcome  so  many  of 
the  graduates  into  her  own  embrace,  or  to  see  them  enter,  as 
intelligent  Christians,  into  the  fellowship  of  other  Evangelical 
churches.  Most  gratifying  and  encouraging  has  been  the  result 
of  this  generous  and  protracted  outlay  of  love  and  wealth  by  the 
Church — and  it  amply  justifies  the  perpetuation  of  this  agency, 
which  supplies  a  religious  education,  and  so  successfully,  to  those 
whom  it  provides  with  the  other  preparation  needed  for  the  active 
duties  of  life.  If  the  number  now  in  process  of  instruction  seems 
small,  it  will  be  all  the  better,  if  thereby  attention  is  directed  to 
the  need  of  giving  the  school  a  new  and  better  location,  free 
from  the  difficulties  which  do  now  deter  many  from  attendance, 
who  would  gladly  avail  themselves  of  the  privileges  and  advan- 


UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET.  267 

tages  of  our  school.  And  with  this  change  of  location  might 
well  come  the  consideration  of  the  duty  of  making  an  adequate 
provision  for  the  continuance  of  the  school,  which  is  in  some 
minds  a  doubtful  question.  I  am  certainly  justified  in  saying 
that  this  marble,  which  we  present  to  the  Board  of  Trustees,  is  in 
no  sense  to  be  considered  as  a  mural  tablet  of  the  school,  as  if 
its  work  were  finished, — as  if  in  this  exercise  we  were  to  speak  of 
a  past,  but  now  exhausted  efficiency,  and  at  the  same  time  fore- 
warn the  Board  that  in  a  short  time  their  occupation  will  be 
gone.  N^o — instead  of  this  we  anticipate  a  career  of  larger  use- 
fulness and  power,  by  reason  of  what  has  already  been  so  wisely 
and  so  cheerfully  done  by  our  Collegiate  Church,  and  we  venture 
the  hope  that  in  some  way  an  endowment  may  be  provided — by 
the  liberality  of  an  individual,  or  otherwise — looking  to  a  com- 
plete equipment  for  the  future  need,  placing  the  school  so  that 
it  may  be  regarded  as,  and  become  an  unfailing  source  of  supply 
for  our  College  and  Theological  Seminary. 

Permit  me,  in  closing,  to  suggest  that  in  this  direction  may 
be  found  a  line  of  holy  work  to  which  the  love  of  the  Master  may 
direct  some  servant  of  His  who  wishes  to  concentrate  the  wealth 
entrusted  to  him.  So  will  he  be  brought  into  the  choice  fellow- 
ship of  all  those  who,  out  of  love  for  Christ,  have  been  anxious 
to  know  how  their  service  may  be  most  effective.  The  gifts  and 
labors  of  the  many  have  contributed  to  the  record  of  these  250 
years,  in  which  we  rejoice.  Of  this  result,  many  facts  we  can 
trace,  and  we  are  sure  that  where  our  vision  fails,  another  eye 
discerns  the  deed  and  notes  the  motive.  Happy  are  all  they 
who,  in  any  place,  and  to  their  best  ability,  seek  to  advance  the 
cause  of  our  blessed  Lord. 

"A  century  since,  in  the  North  of  England  stood  an  old 
cathedral,  upon  one  of  the  arches  of  which  was  a  sculptured  face 
of  wondrous  beauty.  For  a  long  while  it  was  hidden,  until  one 
day  the  sun's  light  tlirough  a  slanted  window  revealed  its  match- 
less beauty.  And  ever  after,  year  by  year,  on  the  days  when,  for 
a  brief  hour,  it  was  thus  illumined,  crowds  came  and  waited  to 
catch  a  glimpse  of  that  face.  It  had  a  strange  history.  When 
the  cathedral  was  in  process  of  construction,  an  old  man,  broken 
with  the  weight  of  years  and  care,  came  and  besought  the 
architect  to  let  him  work.  Out  of  pity  for  his  age,  and  yet  fearful 
lest  his  failing  sight  and  trembling  touch  might  mar  some  part  of 
the  fair  design,  the  master  set  him  to  work  in  the  shadows  of  the 
vaulted  roof  Gladly  he  took  his  place,  but  one  day  they  found 
the  old  man  asleej)  in  death,  the  tools  of  his  craft  laid  in  order 
beside  him,  the  cunning  of  his  right  hand  gone,  his  face  upturned 
to  this  other  marvelous  face — which  he  had  wrought  there — the 
face  of  one  whom  he  had  loved  and  lost  in  his  early  manhood. 


200  UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET. 

And  when  the  artists,  and  sculptors,  and  workmen  from  all  parts 
of  the  cathedral  came  and  looked  upon  that  face,  they  all  said  : 
'This  is  the  grandest  work  of  all — love  wrought  this.'" 

In  the  great  cathedral  of  the  ages  which  is  being  builded  for 
an  habitation  of  God,  may  we  all  be  found  co-working,  and  may 
the  inspiration  of  our  toil  always  be  love — which  gives  grandeur 
and  permanence  to  every  work. 


Having  touched  the  fastenings  that  held  the  flags  of  Holland 
and  the  United  States,  they  fell  apart  and  disclosed  to  view  the 
Tablet,  which  the  speaker,  in  behalf  of  the  Alumni,  formally 
presented  to  the  Trustees  of  the  School. 


Mr.    henry    W.    BOOKSTAVER, 

THE  Chairman  of  the   Board  of  Trustees, 
in  accepting  the  Tablet,  replied  as  follows  : 
RevercJid  Sir,  and  Graduates  of  the  Collegiate  School  : 

It  is  my  pleasant  duty  on  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  to 
accept  the  very  appropriate  memorial,  your  liberality  and  affection 
have  induced  you  to  present  to  the  school. 

Sir,  you  have  spoken  of  one  whom  every  Dutchman  reveres, 
and  men  everywhere  respect  and  honor.  You  have  alluded  to 
the  Emperor's  power  of  reading  and  using  men.  It  recalls  one 
of  the  most  pregnant  events  in  the  world's  history.  It  recalls  the 
25th  of  October,  1555 — the  splendid  palace  of  the  Dukes  of 
Brabant,  the  assembled  dignitaries  of  the  German  Empire  and  of 
Spain,  and  the  abdication  of  Charles  V. 

Of  all  that  august  assembly,  the  one  the  Emperor  chose  as 
the  staff  on  which  to  lean,  during  that  ceremony,  was  the  man  you 
have  named — William,  Prince  of  Orange — and  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  he  was  the  staff"  and  stay  of  his  country,  which 
never  failed  it. 

Great  in  every  way,  he  was  more  than  all  else  a  religious 
man,  and  yet  without  cant,  or  ostentation  of  piety.  No  one 
ever  heard  him  speak  of  a  heavenly  mission,  or  of  being  the  in- 
strument of  the  Almighty  ;  but  when  the  vindictive  Granville 
and  the  crafty  Philip  put  him  under  the  ban,  declaring  his  prop- 
erty forfeit  to  any  who  would  take  it,  and  offered  a  reward  for  his 
life,  he  could,  with  calm  simplicity  and  trust,  say  :  "I  am  in  the 
hands  of  God  ;  my  worldly  goods  and  my  life  have  long  since 
been  dedicated  to  his  service.  He  will  dispose  of  them  as  seems 
best  for  his  glory  and  my  salvation. " 


UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET.  269 

His  firmness  was  near  akin  to  his  piety,  and  he  illustrated  the 
motto  his  friends  applied  to  him  :  Scevi's  tranquillus  m  undis. 
His  courage  sprung  from  both,  and  while  he  knew  what  fear 
was,  yet  dared  despise  it  for  the  cause  of  God  and  truth. 

Never  was  a  warrior  called  on  to  battle  single-handed  and 
alone  with  greater  odds  ;  yet  Alva,  Don  John,  and  Alexander, 
the  greatest  generals  of  his  time,  failed  to  overcome  him,  and  he 
managed  to  wrest  perfect  victory  even  from  his  defeats. 

As  a  statesman  he  has  had  few  equals  in  any  age,  and  was 
without  a  peer  in  his  own.  In  the  midst  of  war,  internal  con- 
fusion, and  in  the  face  of  the  most  persistent  and  relentless 
monarch  of  his  time,  he  founded  upon  the  morasses  of  his  native 
country  an  enduring  government,  which  continues  to  this  day. 

In  an  age  when  eloquence  was  rare  he  was  master  of 
Thoughts  that  breathe  and  words  that  burn, 
yet  his  eloquence  was  not  that  of  smooth,  flowing  sentences  and 
flattering  compliment  so  common  in  his  age,  but,  he  used  it  as 
an  instrument  of  earnest  endeavor,  and  it  was  always  direct, 
truthful,  and  convincing,  carrying  all  before  it.  His  "Apology" 
in  answer  to  the  king's  "ban"  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every 
student  of  eloquence.  Who  can  forget  its  conclusion,  addressed 
to  his  countrymen.'  "If  then,  my  masters,  you  judge  that  my 
absence  or  my  death  can  serve  you,  behold  me  ready  to  obey. 
Command  me — send  me  to  the  ends  of  the  earth,  I  will  obey. 
Here  is  my  head,  over  which  no  prince,  no  monarch,  has  power 
but  yourselves.  Dispose  of  it  for  your  good  and  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  Republic." 

On  such  a  theme  one  delights  to  linger,  but  I  wander  from 
the  matter  in  hand.  This  tablet — whose  are  the  names  engraved 
on  it  .f"  Why  should  they  be  thought  by  you  worthy  of  such 
honor }  All,  indeed,  were  inspired  with  the  same  religious  faith 
which  animated  William  the  Silent,  and  they  all  acknowledged 
the  same  Master,  but  they  were  neither  statesmen,  nor  warriors, 
nor  orators.  Their  exploits  are  not  recorded  in  history;  their 
biographies  are  unwritten  ;  the  world  has  not  crowned  them  with 
laurel  ;  and  yet  they  are  worthy  of  all  and  more  than  you  have 
done  for  them. 

The  social  fabric  is  so  fitly  framed  together,  that  no  member 
can  be  taken  from  it  without  causing  a  shock  to  every  part.  Its 
order  and  stability  depend  on  each  member  and  on  all.  Smiling 
infancy  and  hoary  age,  are  alike  necessary  to  its  completeness. 
Each  acts  on  and  is  acted  upon  by  all.  And  in  this  sense  is  the 
saying,  that  "none  of  us  liveth  to  himself  and  none  dieth  to  him- 
self," profoundly  true. 

As  in  the  enduring  temple  there  are  tlie  foundations,  and  the 
walls,  base  and  column,  and  capital,  architrave  and  frieze,  peri- 


270  UNVEILING    OF   A    TABLET. 

tyle  and  adytum,  places  holy  and  common,  things  of  necessity 
and  use,  and  things  of  ornament  and  beauty,  so  in  the  social 
fabric,  all  parts  are  not  equally  important  or  useful.  But  by 
whatever  standard  we  judge  the  relative  importance  and  useful- 
ness of  men's  labor,  the  office  and  work  of  the  teacher  must  ever 
hold  a  foremost  rank,  as  it  has  ever  held  among  thinking  and  far- 
sighted  men.  Hear  what  Marcus  Aurelius  says  he  owed  to  his 
teachers  and  learned  from  them  : 

From  my  grandfather,  Verus,  I  learned  good  morals  and  the  government 
of  my  temper. 

From  the  reputation  and  remembrance  of  my  father,  modesty  and  a  manly 
character. 

From  my  mother,  piety  and  beneficence,  and  abstinence  ;  not  from  evil 
deeds  only,  but  even  from  evil  thoughts.     *     *     * 

From  my  governor,  non-partizanship,  endurance  of  labor,  to  want  little, 
to  work  with  my  own  hands,  and  not  to  meddle  with  other  people's  affairs, 
and  not  to  be  ready  to  listen  to  slander. 

From  Diognetus,  not  to  busy  myself  about  trifling  things.     *     *     * 

From  Rusticus,  I  received  the  impression  that  my  character  required 
improvement  and  discipline.     *     *     * 

From  Apollonius,  I  learned  freedom  of  will  and  undeviating  steadiness  of 
purpose  and  uniformity  of  temper  under  all  adversity. 

From  Sextus,  a  benevolent  disposition,  the  example  of  a  family  governed 
in  a  fatherly  manner,  and  the  idea  of  living  conformalaly  to  nature.     *     *     * 

From  Alexander,  the  grammarian,  to  refrain  from  fault-finding.     *     *     • 

From  Fronto,  I  learned  to  observe  what  envy  and  duplicity,  and  hypocrisy 
are  in  a  tyrant.     *     *     » 

From  Alexander,  the  Platonic,  *  *  not  continually  to  excuse  neglect 
of  duty     *     *     by  alleging  urgent  occupations. 

From  Catulus,  not  to  be  indifferent  when  a  friend  finds  fault,  even  if  he 
should  find  fault  without  reason.     *     *     * 

From  my  brother  Severus,  to  love  my  kin,  and  to  love  truth,  and  to  love 
justice.     *     *     * 

From  Maximus,  I  learned  self-government  and  not  to  be  led  aside  by 
anything.     *     *     • 

All  this  and  much  more,  he  says,  he  learned  from  his  teach- 
ers, and  all  these  things  it  is  necessary  the  teacher  should  teach. 
How  great  and  manifold  are  his  duties,  and  how  many-sided  and 
composite  a  creature  is  man.  And  then  consider  that  to  the 
teacher  is  committed  the  race  when  the  mind  is  plastic  and  easily 
influenced,  and  that  it  passes  from  his  care  with  a  direction  and 
bent  which  will  determine  all  its  after  development ;  "  Even  the 
light  of  the  eternal  world  will  take  a  tint  from  the  colors  with 
which  the  teacher  shall  tinge  the  windows  of  the  soul."  Con- 
sider also,  that  this  influence  does  not  end  with  the  scholar  so 
taught,  but  that  each  mind  so  trained  and  bent,  becomes  a  new 
centre  of  force  and  influence,  shaping  the  destinies  of  others 
who  shall  again  impress  the  minds  of  generations  yet  unborn, 
and  you  will  appreciate  something  of  the  importance  and  dignity 
of  the  teachers'  office.  If  the  magnitude  of  the  work,  the  good 
accomplished,  and  the  far-reaching  power  and  permanence  of  the 


UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET.  27 1 

result  is  to  be  the  standard  of  honor,  then,  Graduates  of  the  Col- 
legiate School,  you  have  done  well  in  erecting  this  monument 
to  your  teacher  and  those  who  have  preceded  him  as  schoolmas- 
ters here.  Although  their  lives  are  unwritten  and  unsung,  they 
still  live  in  the  minds  of  the  thousands  they  have  taught  and  their 
influence  shall  never  die.  In  the  words  of  Pericles,  we  may  say 
of  them,  "signalized  not  alone  by  the  inscription  on  the  monu- 
ment in  their  native  land,  but  in  lands  not  their  own,  by  the 
memory  which  remains  of  the  spirit  even  more  than  the  deed." 

The  Church  of  Holland — the  Church  under  the  Cross — has 
ever  been  the  friend  of  learning,  and  sought  to  make  it  the  hand- 
maid of  religion.  At  the  close  of  the  long  struggle  for  independ- 
ence, Holland  lead  the  whole  of  Europe,  not  in  navigation 
only,  but  in  her  knowledge  and  application  of  all  the  natural 
sciences  and  the  arts  that  civilize  and  uplift  mankind.  Where- 
ever  she  planted  her  colonies  she  sent  not  only  her  ministers  but 
her  schoolmasters. 

"The  Church  under  the  Cross,"  so  bitterly  tormented  that 
she  could  not  hold  her  first  Synods  within  the  borders  of  Hol- 
land, but  was  compelled  to  go  to  Wessels  and  Embden  for  safety, 
even  then,  a  nid  the  fires  of  persecution,  took  thought  for  the 
Christian  education  of  the  young  ;  and  when  better  days  came 
the  famous  Synod  of  Dort,  in  1618,  enacted  that  schools  should 
be  instituted  "not  only  in  cities,  but  also  in  towns  and  country 
places  where  heretofore  none  have  existed"  *  *  *  "and 
especially  that  the  children  of  the  poor  should  be  gratuitously 
instructed,  and  not  be  excluded  from  the  benefit  of  the  schools." 

This  we  believe  to  have  been  the  first  provision  for  free 
schools  for  the  poor.  It  was  in  this  spirit  and  under  this  Church 
that  this  school,  your  school,  was  founded,  the  oldest  in  America. 

1633-18S3 — then  and  now.  What  a  contrast  these  two  dates 
present.  How  one  is  tempted  to  compare  the  trading  post  in 
the  wilderness  and  its  handful  of  sturdy  self-reliant  Dutchmen 
with  the  metropolis  of  a  continent  and  its  million  inhabitants. 
How  much  this  school  has  done  to  promote  that  wondrous 
growth  none  can  tell,  but  of  this  I  am  sure,  its  influence  for  good 
has  been  mighty.  Its  graduates  have  gone  forth  to  illustrate  and 
sustain  all  that  is  good  and  noble  in  our  fair  city. 

All  but  one  of  the  men  whose  names  you  have  engraved  on 
this  tablet,  having  moulded  and  bent  the  generations  under  their 
care,  have  finished  their  labors  and  gone  to  their  reward.  Yet 
their  work  lives  after  them  and  shall  not  die. 

One  alone  of  all  that  list  is  with  us  to-night.  For  more  than 
forty  years  has  he  been  schoolmaster  here.  His  work  has  been 
a  labor  of  love,  love  for  his  scholars  and  the  school.  Surely  in 
this  audience,  so   largely  composed   of  his   former  pupils,  there 


272  UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET, 

can  be  no  need  of  calling  attention  to  his  virtues.  All  of  you 
know  and  love  Henry  Webb  Dunshee.  You  know  his  worth. 
You  are  the  best  witnesses  of  his  ability  as  a  teacher,  his  patient 
care,  his  unobtrusive  but  sincere  piet}'.  How  many  of  you  have 
been  led  to  the  service  of  the  blessed  Saviour  by  his  precept  and 
example,  and  in  the  time  to  come  you  will  be  the  crown  of  his 
rejoicing. 

It  is  with  a  lively  sense  of  the  worth  of  the  men  you  have 
thus  commemorated,  and  whose  names  you  thus  propose  to  hand 
down  to  posterity,  that  I,  in  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and 
the  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  accept  this  tablet,  not 
only  as  a  memorial  of  them,  but  also  as  a  testimonial  of  your 
affection  for  them  and  the  school. 

Sir,  you  have  referred  to  this  marble  as  a  mural  tablet  ;  it 
certainly  is  that,  but  it  is  neither  given  nor  accepted  as  in  any 
sense  a  mortuary  tablet. 

I  do  not  know  why  any  should  consider  the  continuance 
of  this  school  a  doubtful  question.  To-day,  more  than  ever 
before,  is  there  need  for  just  such  schools  as  this.  It  is  claimed 
by  unbelievers  that  the  Church  is  afraid  of  science,  but  the 
charge  is  unfounded,  and  the  entire  history  of  our  Church  re- 
futes the  assertion.  Even  if  time  permitted  it  would  be  un- 
necessary to  review  that  history  here  ;  you  all  remember  the 
heroic  defence  of  Leyden,  and  the  founding  of  its  illustrious 
University  as  a  reward  for  its  heroism.  But  there  are  men  of 
science  who  seem  to  be  afraid  of  religion  and  claim  there  is  an 
irreconcilable  conflict  between  the  two,  and  in  the  name  of 
science  attack  the  Church.  As  long  as  these  attacks  continue 
must  these  schools  be  maintained,  to  teach  the  great  truth  that 
all  of  Gods  laws  are  in  harmony,  and  to  point  out  the  way  by 
which  we  can  be  restored  to  that  harmony  with  God  and  his 
laws  which  has  been  lost  through  transgression,  by  showing  us 
how  great  our  sins  and  miseries  are,  how  we  may  be  delivered 
from  our  sins  and  miseries  and  the  gratitude  we  owe  to  God  for 
such  deliverance. 

We  therefore  hope  and  trust  with  you  that  a  more  convenient 
location  may  be  found  for  it,  and  that  it  may  be  greatly  increased 
in  usefulness  and  power.  To  this  end  we  would  gladly  welcome 
any  endowment  that  God  may  move  any  of  His  servants  to  make 
for  the  better  equipment  of  the  School.  But,  in  the  meantime, 
you,  the  graduates  of  the  school,  may  do  much  for  it  by  showing 
in  your  daily  walk  and  conversation  the  value  of  the  instruction 
here  given,  and  by  unwavering  loyalty  to  your  Alma  Mater. 
Let  us  determine  to  do  all  we  can  for  it,  and  let  each  one  of  us, 
in  our  attitude  toward  the  school,  adopt  the  motto  of  William 
of  Orange,  Je  Maintiendrai,  and  it  will  be  maintained. 


UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET.  273 

ADDRESS     OF 

REV.   TALBOT   W.   CHAMBERS,   D.D. 


Dr.  Chambers  began  his  remarks  with  a  playful  story  once 
told  him  by  a  relative  who  attended  a  meeting  of  Friends  in 
Chester  County,  Pa.,  where  he  saw  a  man  arise  in  the  gallery, 
and  make  the  following  speech  :  "Friends,  when  I  left  home 
this  morning  it  was  impressed  on  my  mind  that  I  must  say  some- 
thing at  the  meeting.  When  I  reached  this  house  it  was  im- 
pressed upon  me  that  I  must  say  something  at  the  meeting. 
When  I  sat  down  in  the  gallery,  here,  it  was  impressed  upon  me 
that  I  must  say  something  at  the  meeting.  And  now,  since  I 
have  gotten  up  and  said  something  at  the  meeting,  I'll  just  sit 
down."  Dr.  Chambers  said  that  he  felt  very  much  like  imitating 
this  gentleman  and  taking  his  seat  forthwith,  since,  considering 
what  had  been  said  and  what  was  yet  to  come,  there  was  no  need 
of  further  utterances  to  do  justice  to  the  occasion.  Yet  there 
was  one  point  which  of  late  had  so  pressed  itself  upon  his  mind 
that  he  could  not  refrain  from  bringing  it  before  the  assembly. 
This  was  teaching,  as  a  profession.  In  a  country  where  so  much 
is  continually  said  in  the  public  press,  and  on  the  platform,  and 
in  legislative  halls  about  the  value  of  education  and  the  necessity 
of  free  schools,  as  if  no  topic  in  the  world  were  more  sure  to 
secure  popular  favor,  it  strikes  me  as  very  strange  that  the  office 
of  the  teacher  is  so  lightly  esteemed.  People  at  large  show  this 
in  various  ways.  They  look  upon  the  occupation  not  as  belong- 
ing to  the  liberal  professions  but  as  that  of  a  mere  hireling,  and 
they  pay  accordingly.  The  wages  of  even  accomplished  in- 
structors are  less  than  those  of  skilled  handicraftsmen.  The 
chief  cook  of  a  first-class  hotel  gets  a  larger  salary  than  the 
president  of  any  one  of  our  colleges.  Such,  too,  is  the  tone  of 
society.  Ask  an  acquaintance  about  persons  whom  you  may 
meet,  and  the  answer  is,  "Oh,  it  is  only  a  school-teacher,"  or 
"  She,  why  she  is  nothing  but  a  school-marm."  And  this  is  said 
of  those  who  do  not  deal  in  silks  or  satins,  in  gold  or  jewels,  in 
products  of  art  or  taste,  but  have  to  do  with  immortal  minds 
in  the  plastic  period  of  their  lives,  and  therefore  e.xert  an  influ- 
ence for  good  or  for  ill  to  continue  long  after  the  sun  and  moon 
have  ceased  to  be !  Alas  for  the  grievous  misreckoning  of 
popular  opinion.  But  teachers  themselves  have  some  share  of 
the  blame  for  it.  So  many  of  them  all  over  our  land  look  upon 
the  vocation  as  one  in  itself  by  no  means  dignified  or  desirable, 

T 


2  74  UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET. 

but  only  to  be  adopted  as  a  stepping-stone.  Young  men 
temporarily  at  a  loss  for  employment  fall  back  upon  school- 
keeping  until  something  better  turns  up,  meanwhile  chafing  at 
their  hard  lot.  Young  women  enter  the  ranks  of  the  profession 
with  the  determination  to  remain  only  till  a  husband  makes  his 
appearance  over  the  horizon.  In  thousands  upon  thousands  of 
instances  teaching  is  a  mere  makeshift,  taken  up  for  lack  of  any 
opening  elsewhere,  and  to  be  dropped  at  the  first  convenient 
opportunity.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  public  takes  teachers  at 
their  own  estimation,  and  regards  them  accordingly.?  In  other 
countries  it  is  not  so.  There  the  teacher  is  a  recognized  and 
permanent  part  of  the  social  organization.  There  is  correspond- 
ing respect  and  remuneration,  and  both  the  holders  of  the  office 
and  others  look  upon  it,  not  as  a  temporary  substitute  for  some- 
thing else,  but  as  a  fitting  and  important  life-work. 

In  Germany  a  university  is  not  deemed  complete  in  its  equip- 
ment unless  it  has  a  department  of  Pedagogics — one  devoted  to 
the  theory  and  practice  of  the  art  of  giving  instruction  and  train- 
ing minds.  And  something  of  this  kind  is  greatly  needed  here. 
We  shall  never,  in  this  country,  reach  the  right  position  of 
things  until  we  reverse  current  notions,  lift  up  the  profession, 
magnify  its  importance,  increase  its  emolument,  and  give  the 
world  to  understand  that  he  who  fills  this  function  faithfully  is 
doing  a  work  that  ranks  second  only  to  that  of  the  minister  of 
God.  Such  a  work  ought  to  command  a  price  that  bears  some 
proportion  not  only  to  its  delicacy  and  difficulty,  but  to  its 
immeasurable  importance  in  shaping  the  destiny  not  only  of 
individuals  here  and  there,  but  of  the  whole  community  ;  nay, 
the  nation  itself  These  men  whose  names  are  inscribed  on  this 
monumental  stone — here  the  speaker  pointed  to  the  tablet — 
contributed  largely  to  the  formation  of  that  character  which 
carried  us  safely  through  the  perils  of  the  Revolution  and  through 
the  far  greater  perils  of  later  days.  In  the  Old  Testament  the 
figure  of  the  Church  was  the  magnificent  candelabrum  of  beaten 
gold  in  the  temple  ;  and  in  the  vision  of  John  the  divine,  the 
Lord  revealed  Himself  as  one  who  held  the  seven  stars  in  His 
right  hand  and  walked  among  the  seven  golden  candlesticks. 
It  is  light  which  is  connected  with  the  civilization  that  springs 
from  the  religion  of  the  One  God,  and  of  no  other  religion  that 
ever  arose  in  the  earth  is  this  true.  Is,  then,  a  profession  which 
typifies  the  spirit  of  Christianity  to  be  any  longer  considered  a 
mere  stepping-stone.'  The  names  on  that  tablet  ought  to  excite 
a  thrill  of  surprise,  admiration  and  gratitude  for  the  past  and  of 
purpose  for  the  future,  a  determination  to  lift  up  this  honored 
profession,  to  put  it  where  it  ought  to  be,  to  establish  its  status, 
to  raise  the  school  to  such  a  position  that  it  shall  be  felt  to  be  an 


UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET.  275 

honor  to  have  come  under  its  care  or  to  have  been  connected 
with  its  history.  Let  the  whole  country  understand  that  we,  at 
least,  recognize  that  those  who  do  the  work  of  this  school  do  it  as 
benefactors  of  the  race  and  as  servants  of  the  living  God. 


The  last  speaker  of  the  evening  was  Mr.  Dunshee,  who  cor- 
dially welcomed  the  graduates  and  friends  of  the  School.  He 
reviewed,  briefly,  the  history  of  the  School  from  its  commence- 
ment, and  with  deep  emotion  expressed  his  gratitude  to  God 
that  he  had  been  called  to  be  a  schoolmaster,  and  that  he  had 
been  spared  to  meet  and  to  greet  so  many  of  his  former  scholars, 
some  of  whose  children,  also,  had  been  taught  by  him,  and  who 
were  now  occupying  positions  of  trust  and  honor  in  the  Church 
and  in  the  world. 

Letters  of  regret  were  received  from  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
Europe,  and  from  the  far  West  and  South,  where  the  scholars  are 
to  be  found.  Two  of  these  letters  from  pupils  who  graduated  in 
the  early  part  of  this  century  were  read. 

One  closed  with  the  remark  that  the  only  relic  of  his  school- 
days which  still  remained  to  him  was  his  Bible  (presented  to  him 
when  he  graduated),  which  had  been  as  a  beacon  to  him  all  his 
life,  and  Judge  Thomas  H.  Locke,  of  Yates  Co.,  described  the 
quaint  little  post-office  of  that  day,  and  told  how  when  the  city 
was  threatened  by  the  British  in  the  war  of  1812,  the  boys  of  the 
School,  and  he  among  them,  went  over  to  Gowanus  to  assist  in 
throwing  up  earthworks. 

The  following  hymn,  written  for  the  occasion  by  the  Principal, 
was  sung  by  the  entire  audience,  to  the  tune  of  "  Creation  : " 

GOD  of  our  fathers,  Thee  we  praise 
That  Thou,  to  them,  did'st  give  the  grace 
To  open  for  their  rising  youth 
This  Fountain  of  Eternal  Truth 
From  whence  the  streams  of  knowledge  flow, 
Two  cent'ries  and  a  half  ago. 

Their  sons  and  daughters  here  could  drink 

Refreshing  waters  from  its  brink. 

To  fit  them  to  be  useful  here 

And  happy  in  the  Heavenly  sphere, 

Through  Him,  whom  it  is  Life  to  know  : 

Two  cent'ries  and  a  half  ago. 


276 


UNVEILING    OF    A    TABLET, 

Down  through  the  ages  here  they've  come 
And  near  this  Fountain  found  a  home, 
Received  the  blessings  it  imparts 
To  form  their  minds— renew  their  hearts, 
From  streams  which  here  began  to  flow 
Two  cent'ries  and  a  half  ago. 

And  may  the  Mother  Church  still  hand 
This  Fountain  from  the  Fatherland 
Down  through  the  coming  ages,  free, 
A  source  of  Light  and  Purity, 
To  many  a  heart  and  many  a  home 
For  many  centuries  to  come. 


A  Poem,  entitled  "Retrospect,"  written  by  Mrs.  Mary 
(Latschar)  Lutz,  a  graduate  of  1852,  was  read  by  Mr.  Charles 
Ruston,  President  of  the  Alumni  Association. 

The  remainder  of  the  evening  was  spent  in  greetings  among 
old  schoolmates  around  the  Tablet  and  in  relating  pleasant 
reminiscences  of  their  school-life  around  their  photographs, 
which  are  suspended  on  the  walls  of  the  Chapel  and  in  the  supper 
room  below. 


COAT-OF-ARMS   OF  JOHN   HARPENDING. 


DESCRIPTION 


OF    THE 


COAT-OF-ARMS  ON  TABLET. 


278 

DESCRIPTION   OF   THE    COAT-OF-ARMS. 


The  three  shields  constitute  the  Coat-of-Arms  of  William  the  Silent,  Prince 
of  Orange,  under  whom  the  Netherlands  achieved  her  civil  and  religious 
independence.  The  Princes  of  Orange  were  also  Counts  or  I>ords  of  the 
other  Principalities  represented.  The  first  quarter  of  the  large  shield  bears  the 
arms  of  Nassau.  It  has  a  lion  rampant,  on  a  red  field  surrounded  by  seventeen 
dots,  indicating  the  union  of  the  ten  States  of  the  Netherlands,  with  the  seven 
States  of  Holland,  under  William.  The  second  quarter  represents  Katzeneln- 
bogen,  and  has  a  crowned  lion,  red  on  a  golden  field.  In  his  right  paw  is 
an  elevated  sword,  ready  for  defence,  and  the  left  holds  seven  arrows,  denoting 
the  union  of  the  seven  States.  The  third  quarter  represents  Vianden,  and  has 
two  running  lions  on  a  blue  field.  The  fourth  quarter,  blue  banded  with 
gold,  is  the  shield  of  Dietz. 

The  first  and  third  quarters  of  the  sfnaller  shield,  bearing  diagonal  bands 
of  gold,  represent  the  Principalities  of  Chalons.  The  second  and  fourth 
quarters,  with  a  horn  or  bugle  suspended  on  an  orange  field,  that  of  Orange. 
These  martial  horns  symbolize  the  courageous  leadership  of  those  who  took  up 
arms  against  the  Moors  and  Saracens. 

The  sitiallest  shield  is  that  of  Geneva,  the  city  of  John  Calvin.  It  bears 
the  Helvetic  cross,  and  was  added  by  William  to  his  Coat-of-Arms  in  token  of 
his  Protestant  faith,  and  his  adherence  to  the  principles  of  the  great  Reformer. 

The  crown  which  surmounts  the  shield  represents  the  Emperor,  Charles 
the  Great,  who,  while  Sovereign  of  the  Netherlands,  granted  them  the  right 
of  carrying  the  imperial  crown  above  the  Coat-of-Arms.  The  motto,  Nisi 
Dominus  Frustra  (Psalm  cxxvii,  i),  "  Without  the  Lord  all  is  vain,"  fitly 
expresses  the  deep  religious  convictions  of  the  Dutch  and  their  sincere  trust  in 
God  while  struggling  for  a  home  and  a  Church. 

The  legend  in  Dutch,  Een-dracht  maakt  macht,  signifies"  Union  makes 
Strength,"  and  was  the  rallying  cry  in  times  of  despondency. 


EXPLANATORY 


Montague  taught  in  a  branch  school,  established  by  the  Deacons,  in  the 
City  Tavern — 1652— probably  until  the  Capitulation,  1664  [vide  page  24). 

Hoboocken  was  transferred  in  1661  to  a  branch  school  organized  on  the 
Governor's  Bouwery  {vide  page  29),  and  was  superseded  by  Keteltas  in  the 
main  school,  near  the  Fort. 

De  La  Noy  and  Van  Dalsem  taught  in  a  branch  school  in  Cortlandt  Street 
{vide  page  46)  from  1743  to  1757. 

1705.  The  Deacons'  Minutes  during  the  period  from  1687  to  1726 
cannot  be  found.  They  would  undoubtedly  furnish  the  required  name.  The 
nomination  of  a  Schoolmaster,  by  the  Deacons,  in  the  orditiary  way,  and  the 
action  of  the  Great  Consistory,  in  connection  therewith,  in  1705,  show  that  the 
school  was  in  operation  at  that  date.      Vide  p.  38. 


<5 


> 
O 
PI 

M 


►^  n  z 
5d  p  ^ 

S  E  C/2 

>  >  H 
^  S  M 
C  < 
o)  <;  w 

^  w  ^ 

>  C/2    w 

^  d  ^ 

O 

w 
o 
o 
n 

?^ 

M 


^4 

^4 

»-J 

^a 

^j 

ON 

CTn 

CN 

0 

^J 

•f^ 

4^ 

OJ 

n 

U\ 

Or 

OJ 

OJ 

\o 

OJ 

OJ 

iji 

t^ 

0 

vO 

^ 

,_, 

^ 

1.^ 

_ 

,^ 

,1, 

J^ 

00 

^J 

^J 

^I 

~j 

ON 

ON 

ON 

M) 

<-fl 

-1^ 

-1^ 

On  Oi 

-^^ 

Q       — I     (.M     O      OJ 


>      o 

M  ^  ii 


cr.    ■ 


1-3  a 
C  > 
S  > 


?3  K  -^ 

H  ?3  t- 

z  H  ;^ 

H  HH  ?; 


■tJ 


H  S  [-' 

^  "  ^ 

■x  K  i2 

5  r  2; 


>  o 


ON 


CO 

00 


l-«      ^      t-H 

00  "^  ^ 

•vj 

^^    ^     ON    On    ON 

""    —  '^ 

-f>. 

^     KJ     On  <-"    4- 

?    §7 

1 

U)     On    —      M     05 

1        1        1        1 

O0r*^J^4«v)^l     OnOnOn 


^^^^^^fc::: 


The  Schoolmeester,   1726—1732. 


(^/r/^^^^/<^^^^t^^ 


Graduate  of  1802. 


a 


{^. 


Aged  93— Graduate  of  180B 
/^y^  Graduate  of  1805 


^afrdAi/ 


i^t.-'?-*-^  Cf 


Graduate  of  1808. 


ui^ 


Graduate  of  1824. 


INDEX. 


PAGES 

Abeei,,  David     97,  99 

Gerrit 98 

Abrahamse,  Jacob 97 

Abrahamze,  Andries 95 

Abrainse,  Anthony 100 

"  Jacob 100 

Academy  and  Classical  School 33,  60 

Ackerman,  John   ...     104 

Act    of    Incorporation    of    R.    P.    D. 

Church 37 

Additions  and  Corrections xv 

Adriance,  John 106 

Amerman,  Peter loi 

"  Richard 90,  105 

Anderson,  James,  yJ/.  £> xx,  106 

Anniversary,  250th 246 

Rev.  T.   VV.  Chambers' 

Address  at 248 

"  Merrill  Edward  Gates, 
Ph.  D.:  LL.D.,  Ad- 
dress at 250 

Mr.    Sam"!   G.  Jelliffe's 

Address  at 257 

"  Rev.  Sullivan  H.  Wes- 
ton's Address  at 263 

Anthony,  John 99 

"  Nicholas  N 66,  99 

"         Theophilus     104 

Attendance    of  the    Scholars  on  the 

Sabbath 83 

Ayres,  Daniel xiv,  237 

"  "       Autograph  of 280 

Baldwin,  Jesse 70,  102,  103 

Bancker,  Adrian,  Jr 98 

"  Evert 98 

Banker,  Adriaen 97 

"        Christoffel 96 

Bassett,  Francis 99 

Mary,  Legacy  of 85 

Bayard,  Balthazar 94 

"        Nicolaes 94,97 

"        Petrus  94 

"        Samuel 96 

Beadle,  Edward  L xii,  105 

Beekman,  Gerardus 96 

James 56,  98 

"  James  W 87 

Benson,  Egbert  24,  46,  109 

"        Robert 97 

Bleecker,  Leonard 66,  100 

Bloodgood,  Abraham 103 

Boelen,  Abraham 96 

"        Jacob 94 

Bogardus,  Abraham   86,  105 

Bogert,  Abraham 102 

"        Cornelius 981 

"         Kac 98 

"        Hendrick 98 

Jan 97 

"        Nicholas 98 

Bookstaver,  Henry  W xx,  105 

"                "       Address  of,  at  Un- 
veiling of  Tablet 268 

Hoyd,  Thomas,  M.  D 102 

Bratt,  Daniel 47,  48,  59 

Breestede,  A ndries 97 

Brevoort,  Elias,  Legacy  of 84 

"  Jan 47 

Ta 


PAGES 

Brevoort,  John 98 

Brinckerhoff,  Abraham 70,  103 

*'  Dirck 56,  98 

"  Joris 97 

"  Seba loi 

Brouwer,  Abraham,  Jr loi 

"        Jeremiah 98 

"        John 99 

Brower,  Abraham 46,  109 

"         John  1 104 

Brown,  Jacobus 100 

Bruen,  Matthias 102 

Buck,  Robert 105 

By vank,  Evert    97 

Calhoun,  John  C 81,  105 

Catalogue  of  Scholars 109 

Catechetical  Instruction.  30,  36,  70,  71,  73, 
74.  76. 

Chambers,  Rev.  T.  W.,  D.D v,  89 

"  "  "      Address 

at  250th  Anniversary 248 

Chambers,  Rev.  T.  W.,Z>./).,  Address 

at  Unveiling  of  Tablet 273 

Childs,  Abraham loi 

Church  School,  Bethel  Baptist 77 

"  "        Congregational 77 

"  "        Episcopal...   61,  65 

"            "               "          Schoolmas- 
ters of 61 

Church  School,  Grace 77 

"  "        Presbyterian 73,  75 

City  Tavern,  School  at 24 

Clark,  John 104 

Clarke,  John,  y>/./) 103 

Clarkson,  Cornelius  V.,  M.D 106 

■'  Matthew 97 

Clock,  Ancient,  in  the  School  71 

Clopper,  Cornelius,  Jr 98 

Pieter 98 

Coerten,  Henry 97 

Cole,  Peter 100 

Consistory,  Letter  from,  to  Holland..       48 
Cornbury,  Lord,  Opposition  to  Dutch 

Schools 37,  58 

Cornelissen,  Jan 20,  21,  32 

Cortlandt,  Stephanus 94 

Crol,  Sebastian  ]a.n,  Zieken-trooster . .       14 

Crolius,  John 100 

"        John,  Jr 100 

Currency  of  New  Amsterdam 33 

Curtius,    Alexander    Carolus,    Latin 

Schoolntaster  33 

Cutrier,  Hendrick 94 

Cuyler,  Hendrick 96 

Dam,  Jan 18 

Darvall,  John   94 

De  Bow,  Garrit loi 

De  Koreest,  Barent 38,  42,  59 

"  "  (Contract  with 39,4' 

"          "          Declaration  Concerning.  40 

"          "         Autograph  of 280 

De  Koreest,  Isaac 95 

"          "         John  I   104 

De  Kay,  Jacobus  94 

"       "      Theunis 94 

De  Lamater,  John 237 

*'         *'            *'      Autograph  of 280 


282 


INDEX. 


PAGES 

De  Latnater,  Samuel loi 

De  La  Montai^iie,  Jan  Morice...  24,  32,  36 

De  La  Noy,  Abraham xv,  36,  46,  59 

"          "       Pieter 94 

Demaray,  Joseph loi 

De  Motte,  Mortimer xi,  86,  104 

De  Peyster,  Cornelius 95 

"          "          Isaacq 95 

"          "          Johannes 95 

"          "          Sarah,  Legacy  of 85 

"          "          Willem 98 

"          "          William 99 

De  Reimer,  Isaac 95 

"        "          Peter  loo 

"        "         Pieter 94 

Devoe,  Charles   104 

De  Vries,  Captain 18 

Dey,  Anthony 70,  103 

De  Witt,  Rev.  Thomas,  D.D.,  Histori- 
cal Sketch I 

De  Witt,  Rev.  Thomas,  D.D.,  Address  8g 

Dickinson,  Charles 100 

Doughty,  Samuel loi 

Duiken,  Gerrit 95 

Dumont,  Peter,  M.  D 102 

Dunning,  William  H 105 

Dur ye,  Jakob , 98 

Duryee,  Charles 100 

"        Jacob 56 

"        Richard 70,  71,  102,  103 

"         Richard,  C^rt:/>;«aw 72 

"        Richard,  Decease  of 79 

Duyckink,  Gerardus 56 

Ebbing,  Hieronymus 94 

Elsworth,  John  T 100 

"            William  J gg 

Elting,  John  100 

Evertson,  Nicholas loi 

Forbes,  John 99 

"         William  G 100 

Forrester,  James 71,  79,  So 

Free  Grammar  School 60 

Free  School,  Latin,  Greek  and  Mathe- 
matics         62 

French,  Philip 97 

Gates,  Merrill  E.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  Ad- 
dress at  2soth  Anniversary 250 

Gilbert,  William  W 98,  gg 

Goelet,  Jacobus 38,  gs,  97 

Graat,  Johannes 97 

Groesbeck,  Johannes 97 

Haight,  David  L 104 

Ham,  Coenrad  W gg 

"       Wandle loi 

Harberding,  Jan  ( Harpending  ? ) g4 

Hardenbroek,  .^bel 47,  53,  g? 

"               Johannes 95 

Hardenbrook,  John gS 

"  William 66,  99 

"              William,  Jr 103 

Harmony  Hall,  School  at 77 

Harpending,  John,  Coat-of-Arms  ...  276 

Harsen,  George 100 

"         Gerrit 97-99 

"         Jacob     100 

Herring,  Elbert 97 

Heyer,  (Cornelius 102 

"        Isaac 70,  103 

"■        William gg 

Hinds,  Joseph 71 


PAGES 

Hinton,  John  W ....  102 

Historical  Sketch  of  Parochial  School 

System  in  Holland    i 

Hitchcock,  Daniel   loi 

Hoffman,  Nicholas 99 

Holmes,  Obadiali 103 

Hoog,  Thomas  Andrew 99 

Hopper,  Andrew 100 

Garrit 101 

Huigen,  Leendert 95 

Hunter,  Charles  F  105 

Hutton,  Frederic  R xx,  106 

"        Timothy 103 

Huyck.  Jan,  Zieken-tronster 14 

Hymn,  Sung  at  250th  Anniversary. . . .  275 

Irving,  Washington,  Letter  of. xiv 

Janewav,  George    gg 

Jelliffe,  Samuel  G 241 

"        Samuel    G.,    Address    of,    at 

250th  Anniversary 257 

Jeremiah,  Thomas 81,  86,  go,  104 

Johnson,  Isaac gg 

"         Jeromius 103 

Julien,  Alexis  A 106 

Kane,  John 103 

Keese,  John  D 103 

Kerfbyl,  Dr.  Johannes 38,  g4 

Keteltas,  Abraham 96 

"         Evert  Pietersen  (Vide  Evert 

Pieter  sen ) 32,  58 

Keteltas,  Gerrit g6 

"         Pieter g8 

Kieft,  Director  William 18 

Kiersted,  Henry  T xiv,  238 

"                 "            Autograph  of. .. .  280 

King,  William loi 

Kip.  Abraham 100 

"     Henry g8 

"     Isaacq g5 

"     Isaac  L loi 

"     Jacobus 96 

"     Jacobus,  Jr 95 

"     James  H loi 

"     Johannes 94 

"     John  H 100 

Knapp,  Benjamin  S 102 

Knox,  Calvin  E 105 

"       Henry  E 106 

Kruger,  Johannes 95 

Kuyter,  Joachim  Pietersen 18,  94 

Labagh,  Abraham  loi 

"        John  1 102,  104 

Laidlie,  Rev.  Archibald,  D.D 52 

Lansing,  Jacob  J 100 

"         John  G 98 

Latham,  Stanton 63,  69,  71 

"             "          Autograph  of 280 

Latin  School 33,  60 

Latin   and    English   Grammar  School 

proposed 52 

Laureiiszen,  Thomas 94 

Lawrence,  James  V.  H 104 

Lefferts,  Abraham 96 

Dirck 98 

Le  Foy,  Thomas loo 

Leixsler.  Jacob 94 

Lent,  John  A     103 

Le  Roux,  Charles g6 

Letter   from    Directors   W.  I.    Co.  to 

Stuyvesant 27 


INDEX. 


283 


PAGES 

Limberger,  John 104 

I-ispenard,  Leonard 98 

Little,  Charles  S 105 

Livingston,  John 98 

Philip q8 

"  Robert,  Jr 97 

Locality  of  School 85 

Locke,  Frederick  T 105 

Lott,  Abraham  P 56 

Louw,  Cornelius 96 

Low,  Pieter 97 

Luerson,  Carlton 95 

Luyck,  Rev.  jEgidius 34 

Lyhsen,  Abraham 97 

McFarran  (Ayres),  Sarah. . .    238,  247,  264 

"              "                 Autograph  ot  280 

.Madam's  School ..  69 

Maerschalk,  Andrew.... 98 

"              Andries  95 

"              Francois 97 

"              Johannes 97 

"              Pieter 97 

Malcolm,     Alexander,     Principal    0/ 

Free  School 62 

Man,  Adriaan 96 

Mauley,   Robert 99 

Manly,  John loi 

Marius,  Pieter  Jacobus 94 

Mathews,  Rev.  James  ^L,  D.D 89 

Maybee,  Frederick loi 

Middle  Dutch  Church  built xviii 

"  "  "        used   as   riding 

school. . . .  64,  257 

Minthorne,   Philip 99 

Moene,  Dr.  Jacob 96 

Montagne  (K/Vf  Z^t' Z^a  Montagne). ..  24 

My er,  Ide 97 

Narburv,  Jan 95 

Nevius,  Peter  1 103 

New  Kirck,  John loi 

Nexsen,  Elias 66,  99 

John 103 

Nine  Men 18 

Nitchie,  John,  Jr 70,  72,  100,  103 

North  Dutch  Church  built 52 

"  "  "        used  as  prison..       64 

"  "  "        jtulpit  and  pews 

of 64 

Officers  of  the  School 94 

Oliver,  James  D   104 

Oothout,  Henry xii,  105 

"          John 69,  104 

Parochial  School  System  in  Holland  i 

Perlee,  Ralph  N xx,  106 

I'ictersen,    Evert    {l^ide  Keteltas),  14,  27, 

28,  29,  30,  35,  36. 

Pieterszen,  Adolf 94 

Polhemus,  Abraham 100 

Post,  Anthony 56,  100 

Prgudloot,  Lawrence loi 

Provost,  David,  Jr 95 

"          William 96 

Public  School,  fund  for  erecting  and 

maintaining,  by  Consistory  54 

Rapblvb,  Gerrit 56,98 

Ray,  Richard 98 

Re-union  of  Scholars 264 

Reyke,  Ilendrick   97 

Rcynders,  Barend 95 


PAGES 

Richard,   Paul 96 

Ringo,  Albertus 95 

Roelantsen,  Adam 15,  16,  17,  32 

Roelofszen,   Boole 94 

Romer,  Henry 99 

Rods,  Gerrit.   97 

Roosevelt,  Isaac 98 

"            James  loi 

"            James  C 103 

"            Jan 96 

"            John  J   gg 

"            Nicolas 95 

"            Theodore,  Jr 98 

Roseboom,  Willem 96 

Roseveldt,  Jacobus 96 

Ruston,  Charles,  241 — Address  of,  at 

Re-union 264 

Rutgers,  Antony 96 

"            Harmanus 96 

"            Harmanus,  Jr 97 

"            Petrus 97 

ScHELL,  Robert 106 

Schieffelin,  Samuel  B  90 

Scholars,  Alphabetical  List  of   217 

"           Catalogue  of 109 

"           A''^/^  pertaining  to 237 

"           Re-union  of 264 

School,  Aid  from  State  Fund 72,  73,  77 

"        250th  Anniversary  of 246 

"        Course  of  Study  in 91 

"        Evening 57 

"         "Ho.NORs"  of 92 

"        Hymns  sung  in 68 

"        Legacies  to 85 

"         Locality  of 46,  77,  78,  85 

"        Officers  of 94 

"        on  the  Governor's  Bouwery.  29 
"        Opening  exercises  in    Fourth 

Street 87 

"        Opening  exercises  in  Twenty- 
ninth  Street 89 

"        Pay  Scholars  in,  43,  44,  49,  57,  66, 
69,   71. 

"         I'salmody  taught  in 51,  70 

"         Public,  Free  or  Low  Dutch...  65 
"        Qualifications    for  admission 

to 91 

"        Revenue  of 84 

"        Sewing       and       needlework 

taught  in 79 

"        Trustees xx,  94,  103 

Schoo  house  built  1748 47 

"     >773 57 

Schoolmaster,  last  in  Dutch  language.  63 

Schoolmasters,  Private,  prior  to  1664.  23,  3a 

"                     "         1664  to  1785. .  60 

Schoonmaker,  Michael 103 

Schuyler,  Brandt  94 

"           Philip.   96 

Sebring,  Isaac loi 

Sickels,  John 69,  99 

Simmons,  James 104 

Slidell,  Isaac,  Legacy  of 85 

Smith,  Gamaliel  G 105 

"        Stephen 100 

"        William  Wheeler 106 

Snyder,  Henry 105 

Solinger,  Henry  M   100 

South  Dutch  Church  built 47 

"            "        View  of xix 

Spratt,  Jan 95 

Sproulls,  Samuel  E 239 

"                "           Autograph  of . . . .  280 


2^4 


INDEX. 


PAGES 

Staats,  Samuel 95 

Stagg,  John.... 66,  99 

"       John,  Jr 101 

"       Peter 104 

Stevensen,  Jan 17,  20,  32 

Steymets,  Frederick 100 

Stitt,  George  S     105 

Storm,  Thomas 100 

Stoutenburgh,  \^a.2iC,  Chorister 42,  47 

"  Isaac 69 

"  Isaac. 95 

"  Isaac 98 

"  Jacobus S3 

"  John 70,  72,  loi,  103 

"  Peter 94 

Streets,  Ancient   and  Modern  names 

of 107 

Stryker,  John 100 

Rev.  Peter,  D.D 90 

Stuyvesant,  Gerardus 97 

Suydam,  James 104 

Syoerts,  Olphert 95 

Table  of  Contents iii 

Tablet,  Unveiling  of 264 

"         Description  of 278 

Teachers,  1883 xx 

"           Assistant,  Names  of 236 

"  of  Private  Schools...  23,  32,  60 

Teller,  James 100 

"        Olivier 96 

Ten  Eyck,  Abraham 97 

"             Anthony 98 

"             Coenraadt 97 

"             Dirck 95 

"  Elizabeth,       Teacher       0/ 

Madatri's  School 69 

"              Jacob 96 

Tiebout,  Albert 98 

"         Teunis 98 

Trinity  School 61 

Trustees  of  Collegiate  Cliurch  School, 

appointed   70 

Trustees,  Names  of xx,  94,  103 

Turck,  Cornelis 97 

Turk,   Ahasuerus 99 

Turk,  Jacob 47,  98 

Van  Aernam,  John,  Chorister ..   43,  45,  47 
Van  Antwerp,  Jacobus,  K<7or.rrt«^«r.   52,  54 

1"  "  James 100,  104 

"  "  Nicholas 100 

"  "  Simon   .'  . .     100 

Van  Benschoten,  James 105 

Van  Brunt,  Stephen   104 

Van  Cortlandt,  Jacobus 95 

Philip 96 

"  "  Steplien      100 

Van  Courtland,   Frederick 96 

Van  Dalsem,  William xv,  xvi,  51 

Vanderbilt,  John,  Jr loi 

^'an  der  Heul,  Johannes 96 

Van  der  Linden,  Peter,  Voorleeser... .       20 
Van  der  Sman,  Adrian,  Catechist .  48,  53,  59 

Van  der  Spiegel,  Hendrick 96 

"  "  Jacobus 95 

Van  De  Water,  \'alentine 104 

Van  Dolsera,  William 100 

Van  Dyck,  James loi 

Van  Dycke,  John 100 

Van  Fricht,  Gerrit 94 


PAGES 

Van  Gelder,  Abraham 100 

"  "         Hermanns 96 

Van  Giessen,  Johannes 95 

Van  Hoboocken,  Harmanus 23  to  35 

Van  Hoorn,  Gerrit 95 

"  "        Joan 96 

Van  Home,  Abraham 96 

"  "        Cornelius  97 

V^an  Imburg,  Gysbert 95 

Van  Kleeck,  Baltus 99 

"  "  Isaac 94 

Van  Kleek,  John  L 101 

Van  Nest,  Abraham 102,  103 

"        "        John xii,  105 

Van  Orden,  John loi 

Van  Pelt,  Reuben 104 

Van  Ranst,  C 98 

"■  "         Petrus 97 

Van  Steenburgli,  Peter,  Call  to  teach 

in  Dutch  and  English ..  .     56,  59,  64,  68 

Van  Tilburg,  Pieter 95 

\'an  \'echten,  Abraham  \'.  W 105 

"  "  John 103 

Van  Vleck,  Abraham 96 

Van  Wageuen,  Gerrit,  Contract  with, 

43,  45,  59.   109 

"  "  Huybert 45,  46,  47,  53, 

59-   i°9- 

"  Huybert         103 

"  "  Huybert,  Jr 105 

Van  Wyck,  Theodorus 47,  98 

Van  Wyk,  Abraham 96 

\'an  Zandt,  Tobias  99 

"  "         Wynant 97 

Varick,  John loi 

"         John  V.  B loi,  103 

"         Joseph  V 104 

Vehslage,  Rev.  Henry 241 

"  "  Address  of,  at 

Unveilino;-  of  Tablet 265 

Verplank,  Gulian 97 

Verstius,  William 22,  23,  32 

Vroom,  Guysbert  Bogert 102 

Waldegrove,  Garrit  loi 

Waldron,  Alexander  Phoenix loi 

John loi 

Wanshaar,  Jan 95 

Ward,  James. .. .    104 

Warner,  Peter  R.    .    xii,  86,  104 

"                 "        Donation  to  Library  87 
Welp,  John  Nicholas. .   50,  51,  53,  54,  55,  59 

Wendover,  Peter  H loi 

Wessels,  Hendrick 94 

Westervelt,  James  J loi 

"            John   loi 

Weston,  Rev.  Sullivan  H.,  D.D.,  Ad- 
dress of,  at  250th  Anniversary 263 

Wetmore,  Noah 81,  88,  104 

Whitlock,  Thomas  B loi 

Whiton,  Augustus  S 106 

Wilhemszen,  Reynier  94 

Wilson,  Peter 69 

Wood,  William 105 

Wright,  John loi 

Wyckoff,  Cornelius  P loi 

"           Henry  J 103 

Wynkoop,   Benjamin 95 

Young,  Isaac 103,  237 

Zabriskie,  George 105 


'  :         f^     - 


DATE  DUE 

CAYLORD 

PNINTEO  INU.S  A. 

